EA000979B1 - Moulded fuel, variants, and methods for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Moulded fuel based on a dried mixture of ground solid fuels and of a binder containing waste from the crude-oil processing industry such as oil sludge and/or recycled engine oil, characterized in that the binder further comprises components selected from the following group (in % relative to the weight of the mixture): from 2 to 7 % of lignosulphonate or molasses and/or from 3 to 8 % of dehydrated activated sludge and/or from 3 to 10 % of clay and/or from 1 to 6 % of paraffin or raw paraffin with the following ratio of components in % by weight: binder 10-32 dried mixture of ground solid fuel from the group: wood sawdust, peat, dehydrated manure, dehydrated bird litter, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or mixtures thereof remaining 2. The moulded fuel based on a dried mixture of ground solid fuels and of concentrated sludge from wastewater processing plants, characterized in that comprises concentrated sludge having water content between 5 and 14 % with the following ratio of components in % by weight: concentrated sludge having water content between 5 and 14 % 13-38 dried mixture of ground solid fuel from the group: wood or vegetal waste, lignin, peat, coke or coal fines, textile waste or mixtures thereof remaining 3. A method for producing moulded fuel according to claim 1, which involves mixing the ground solid fuel with the binder based on waste from the crude-oil processing industry such as oil sludge and/or recycled engine oil, moulding the mixture and drying the mouldings, characterized in that the binder further comprises components selected from the following group (in % relative to the weight of the mixture): from 2 to 7 % of lignosulphonate or molasses and/or from 3 to 8 % of dehydrated activated sludge and/or from 3 to 10 % of clay and/or from 1 to 6 % of paraffin or raw paraffin with the following ratio of components in % by weight: binder 10-32 % and dried mixture of ground solid fuel from the group: wood sawdust, peat, dehydrated manure, dehydrated bird litter, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or mixtures thereof remaining %, the mixture is moulded under a pressure of between 1 and 30 MPa. and the mouldings are further dried at a temperature of not less than 300 degree C. 4. The method for producing moulded fuel according to claim 2, which involves mixing the ground solid fuel with the concentrated sludge from waste water processing plants, moulding the mixture and drying the mouldings, characterized in that the comprises mixing concentrated sludge having water content between 70 and 80%, the mixture is moulded under a pressure of between 0.1 and 25 MPa. and the mouldings are further dried at a temperature of 50-180 degree C for a duration of 1.5 to 0.4 hours or said mouldings are dried at room temperature for a duration of 5 to 30 hours with the following ratio of components in % by weight: concentrated sludge having water content between 5 and 14 % - 13-38%, dried mixture of ground solid fuel from the group: wood or vegetal waste, lignin, peat, coke or coal fines, textile waste or mixtures thereof - remaining %. 5. The moulded fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that further comprises up to 1-40% of oil sludge and/or recycled engine oil and/or fat residues. 6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the components of the binder are mixed prior to be mixed with the ground solid fuel. 7. The method according to claim 3 and 6, characterized in that prior to mixing the components of the binder are heated to 60-80 degree C or mixed with heating to 60-80 degree C. 8. The method according to claim 3, 6 and 7, characterized in that the ground solid fuel is preliminarily mixed with half of oil sludge and/or recycled engine and further add the rest components of the binder. 9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that after drying the mouldings are sprayed with or dipped into liquid heated oil sludge or recycled engine oil, and/or paraffin or raw paraffin, and/or fat residues up they reach 10-40 wt % in the moulded fuel.

Description

The present invention relates to a molded (briquetted, extruded or granulated) solid fuel obtained mainly from waste, which can be used for domestic needs, as well as in industry, partially solving the problem of reducing environmental pollution by waste.

Prior art

Various molded solid fuels are known in the art using urban, agricultural and industrial wastes (residues) and methods for their preparation.

Known molded fuel (briquette), which contains in May. h: wood waste 20-40, the remnants of the adsorption refining of petroleum products or semi-coking coal tar and residual purification of waste oil 15-20 and wax paraffin 30-50, which is obtained by molding a mixture of these components in an extruder (GDR 215797, C 10L 11 / 04, 21.11.84).

Known molded fuel, which contains a mixture of particles of cellulosic material (sawdust, plant residues, peat) 25-70 wt.%, The binder is liquid in normal conditions, combustible by-product or waste: peck-like residues of purification of plant or animal products, bitumen and coal pitches and creosote residues, molasses, waste and substandard lubricants, and an additional component, such as lignosulfonate, lignin, clay, coal dust, etc. (GB 1,585,684, C 10L 5/00, 11.03.81).

Known briquetted fuel containing, in wt.%: Sludge (containing 10-20% water, 2-10% clay, sand, etc. and 6090% oil) 15-20; carbon black 10-20 and wood waste (sawdust) - the rest; the mixture of components is briquetted at a pressure of 0.2 MPa at 20 ° C; briquettes with calorific value of 4760-6286 kcal / kg and ash content of 4.4-3.4% are obtained (RU 2010842, C 10L 5/48, 15.04.94).

The closest is a well-known molded fuel (briquette) based on a dried mixture of crushed solid fuels selected from the group: sawdust and peat, with a binder based on refining waste production - sludge or used engine oil and manure in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Sawdust 10-75

Peat with humidity 40-50% 10-75

Waste refinery production 5-15

Manure Rest

Briquettes of this composition are obtained by mixing these components, followed by pressing the briquettes and drying (RU 2100415, C 10L 5/44 12/27/97). The resulting briquettes have the following characteristics: density 0.52-0.68 g / cm; ash content 13-16.7%, calorific value 4100-4150 kcal / kg, flexural strength 0.8-1 MPa, residual moisture 19-20%.

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is not sufficiently high mechanical strength of the briquettes, which leads to their destruction during transport and loading operations, and, accordingly, to an increase in costs when using briquettes.

A fuel is known that is obtained by mixing filtered sludge from municipal waste with 40-50 wt.% Of coal dust or sawdust, or shavings, or peat (FR 2497520, С 10L 5/46, 5/48, 09.07.82).

A known method of processing clarifying sludge to produce fuel or additives to compost, according to which bleaching sludge is mixed with flocculants and carbon carriers, is dehydrated to achieve a dry matter ratio of 15-20%, with most of the added carbon carrier after dehydration is sent to the mixer grinder (EP 0271628 , C 10L 5/40, 06/22/88).

A method of obtaining molded fuel in the form of briquettes, including mixing coal fines with liquid lignosulfonate with 40-60% solid by weight, which is preheated to 80-200 ° F with a mass ratio of coal to solid lignosulfonate 1 3: 1 -20: 1, pressing the mixture by forcing, drying the briquettes in a drying chamber at a temperature of at least 93 ° C until they are cured, then applying it to the briquette by dipping or spraying with oil waste or paraffin (US 4389218, C 10L 5/20, 1983).

The closest is also molded fuel in the form of briquettes based on the dried mixture of dewatered activated sludge water-mud waste with a solid content of 5-15% from urban wastewater treatment plants, dehydrated to a water content of 85-95% with crushed solid fuel sawdust a weight ratio of 1: 5-1: 1 0, the molded fuel is obtained by molding the mixture into briquettes, followed by drying the briquettes (JP 53-15081, C 10L 5/48, 05.22.78).

The disadvantages of these compositions molded fuels and methods for their production is not sufficiently high mechanical strength of the moldings, which increases the cost of storage, loading and unloading and transport of the molded fuel.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The invention is aimed at overcoming the disadvantages of the known solutions, namely to achieve a technical result - increasing the mechanical strength of the moldings (briquettes, pellets) and thereby reducing the cost of storing the molded fuel, its loading, unloading and transportation.

The task is solved by a group of inventions that are interconnected so that they form a single inventive concept. The unity of the invention is respected, since the molded fuel and the method for its production (i.e., one is intended to produce the other), as well as molded fuels (variants), i.e. objects of the same type, of the same purpose, providing the same technical result.

Molded fuel based on the dried mixture of crushed solid fuels and a binder based on sludge and / or used engine oil, additionally contains components from the group that includes in% by weight of the briquetted mixture: lignosulfonate or molasses 2-7, and / or dehydrated activated sludge 3- 8, and / or clay 3-10, and / or paraffin, or gum paraffin 1-6, with the following ratio of components, in wt.%: Binder 10-32 and crushed solid fuel from the group: sawdust, peat, coke or coal fines, coal slurry, lignin, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure or mixtures thereof - 00 to 1.

The method of obtaining molded fuel includes mixing crushed solid fuels selected from the group: sawdust, peat, coke or coal fines, coal slime, lignin, dehydrated poultry manure, dehydrated manure, or their mixtures, with sludge-based binders and / or used machine oils and additional components selected from the group including, in% by weight of the briquetted mixture: lignosulfonate or molasses 2-7, and / or dehydrated activated sludge 3-8, and / or clay 3-10, and / or paraffin, or paraffin Gach 1 -6, next time the ratio of components in the briquette, wt.%: binder 10-32 and crushed solid fuel - the rest, briquetting the mixture is carried out at a pressure of 1-30 MPa and drying the briquettes at a temperature of less than 300 ° C; while the components of the binder, before mixing with solid fuel, can be pre-mixed, as well as heated to 60-80 ° C or mixed with heating up to 60-80 ° C; solid fuel can be pre-mixed with half of sludge or used engine oil, and then the rest of the binders are added.

Molded fuel (options) based on the dried mixture of crushed solid fuel and condensed sludge from wastewater treatment plants contains 13-38 wt.% Condensed sludge with a water content of 5-14% and crushed solid fuel from the group: wood (sawdust; crushed bark and chips), vegetable (chopped straw, chaff, seeding, bagasse of root crops, fruits and plants, fruit bones, crushed plant stems, crushed waste from corn cobs, rice, buckwheat, seeds, millet, mustard and other plants) waste, peat , lignin, coke and and coal fines, textile waste (yarn vycheski, small pieces of tissue), or else a mixture thereof; The molded fuel may additionally contain up to 10-40 wt.% of waste or substandard lubricants, and / or oil sludge, and / or paraffin, or paraffin slack, and / or fat waste.

The method of obtaining molded fuel includes dosing and mixing of crushed solid fuel and condensed sludge from wastewater treatment plants with a water content of 70-80%, molding the mixture at a pressure of 0.1-25 MPa and drying the moldings at 50-180 ° C for 1 , 5-0.4 h or at an ambient temperature of 5-30 h, while the molded fuel contains 13-38 wt.% Condensed sludge with a water content of 5-14% and crushed solid fuel from the group: wood (sawdust, crushed bark and chips), vegetable (chopped straw, chaff, seeding, bagasse root, fruits and plants, fruit bones, crushed plant stems, crushed waste from corn cob, rice, buckwheat, seeds, millet, mustard and other plants) waste, peat, lignin, coke or coal fines, textile waste (threads, garlic, small pieces of cloth) ) or their mixtures - the rest; additionally after drying, the spraying is sprinkled on the moldings or they are immersed in liquid heated waste or non-conforming lubricants, and / or oil sludge, and / or paraffin, or gum paraffin, and / or grease waste to their content in the molded fuel to 10-40 wt.% .

Embodiments of the invention

To implement the invention using components with the following characteristics.

Condensed activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants contains 70-80% of water, density 1.1-1.6 t / m ³ , the content of the mineral part of sludge is 15-45%, consists mainly of SiO ₂ , A1 ₂ O ₃ oxides , CaO, MgO, Cr ₂ O ₃ , NiO, etc .; The organic part of the sludge consists mainly of substances of protein origin - up to 50%, fats - up to 30% and carbohydrates - up to 20%; activity of condensed sludge is considered as the ability to preserve the properties of adhesion, since after drying the sludge in the composition of the molded fuel its activity (adhesiveness) is lost.

Oil sludge is a waste produced in the processing of oil and has a density at 20 ° C - 0.85-0.99 t / m ³ , the mass fraction of impurities from 2.5 to 40%, the water content of 12-60%; flash point in open crucible 145250 ° С; pour point 6-25 ° С, sulfur content 0.5-12-12%.

Fat waste is formed, for example, in the production of mustard oil, the so-called fuzz, sunflower, cottonseed oil and other oils. Fat waste contains up to 60% of mechanical impurities in the form of particles of processed plants, mineral dust, up to 70% fat, up to 40% water and have a density of 0.8-1.2 t / m ³ , melting point 1080 ° C.

Waste and substandard lubricants (oils), as compared with conventional lubricants, either exceed the permissible limit of mechanical impurities and water, or deviate from quality certificates in terms of the main indicators of their properties.

Example 1

To obtain a molded fuel, the following components are used: coal grade “G” with a sieve composition of 1-3 mm and ash content of 1–20–20%, coal slime with a sieve composition of 0–1 mm and ash content of 32–40%, humidity of 1–4%, litter from the poultry farm, dried to a moisture content of 16-31%, peat with a moisture content of 1830%, used engine oil with a content of mechanical impurities of 18-32% and water of 38%, molasses with a density of 1.12-1.25 t / m ³ , paraffin gach with a softening temperature of 5075 ° C.

These components are loaded into containers under which feeders-dispensers are installed, with the help of which the components are metered and supplied to prepare a moldable mixture. Half of the used oil is pre-mixed with coal fines and sludge, peat and bird droppings by supplying the used oil through the nozzles to the place of loading of fuels into a two-shaft screw mixer, and the rest of the used oil is mixed with molasses and paraffin sachet in a paddle stirrer with heating to 70 ° With and from the paddle mixer, the gear pump serves to the point of the two-shaft auger mixer, which is 1/3 the length of the mixer from the fuel loading point and part of the used oil.

The mixture for briquetting has the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Used engine oil 4

Molasses 4

Slack wax 2

Bird droppings 20

Peat 20

Coal fines and coal slurry equally 50

The components are mixed in a mixer and fed to a screw press, where the mixture is pressed at a pressure of 1 MPa, then the moldings are dried at 120 ° C for 50 minutes to a moisture content of 1–2%, and then cooled at ambient temperature. Forms have the form of cylinders with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 60-100 mm. The compressive strength of the briquettes was 9.8 MPa, and after dropping - (after 4 times dropping, the mass was sieved through a 25 mm diameter sieve) 94% of the mass remained on the sieve, which indicates their good mechanical strength and the possibility of carrying - loading operations without additional costs. The briquettes had a calorific value of 5000-5200 kcal / kg, a density of 1.08-1.18 t / m ³ , humidity 12% and contain

the dried mixture of ingredients in next ratio, wt.%: Used engine oil four Molasses four Paraffin Slack 2 with a total binder content ten Bird droppings 20 Peat 20 Coal fines 25 Coal slurry 25 with general content ground fuel 90 Example 2

Production of fuel briquettes according to Example 1, but in a binder, sludge was used instead of paraffin oil sludge, having a density of 0.81-0.893 t / m ³ , a water content of 12-18%, a pour point of 21-24 ° C, and lignosulfonate with a density of 1.26 t / m ³ and waste activated sludge as a product of domestic sewage treatment, which has a density of 1.1-1.8 t / m ³ , ash content 18-55%, humidity 70-80%, and additionally hydrolyzed lignin with a humidity of 12-16% in the following ratio of mixture components, wt.%:

Used engine oil 3 Lignosulfonate 7 Oil sludge five Spent activated sludge 7 with a total binder content 22 Bird droppings 14 Lignin 14 Peat ten Coal fines 20 Coal slurry 20 with general content ground fuel 78 The briquettes had a density of 1.07-1.19 t / m

calorific value is 4600-5050 kcal / kg, humidity 5-9%, compressive strength of briquettes 9.7-11.2 MPa, shedding strength - 9596% sieve residue, which indicates their good mechanical strength.

Example 3

The following components are used: coal slurry according to example 1, dehydrated to a moisture content of 25%, dried manure from pigs7 farms and sawdust with a humidity of 18%, paraffin with a melting point of 60-80 ° C, oil sludge according to example 2, the lignosulfonate according to example 2.

These components in the briquetted mixture is served in the following ratio, wt.%:

Lignosulfonate 2 Oil sludge four Paraffin 6 Manure 25 Sawdust ten Coal slurry 53 Lignosulfonate, sludge and paraffin wax

Before being fed to the mixture, the fuel was mixed with heating to 80 ° C in a paddle mixer and then the mixture was fed to the mixer, where it was mixed with the fuel components, after the mixer, the mixture was fed to a roller press, where it was briquetted at a pressure of 30 MPa, and then briquettes dried at 200 ° C for 20 minutes to a moisture content of 5-7%. Briquettes have a density of 1.1-1.25 t / m ³ , calorific value of 5500-5800 kcal / kg, humidity 5-7%, mechanical strength 10.2-11.4 MPa and shedding strength - 96% remained on the sieve that indicates their good mechanical strength, while the briquettes contained the dried mixture of components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Lignosulfonate 2

Oil slime 4

Paraffin 6 with a total binder content of 12

Dung 25

Sawdust 10

Coal slurry 53 with a total content of powdered solid fuel 88

Example 4

The following components are used: coke breeze with a sieve composition of 0-6 mm, ash content 11%, moisture 8%, peat in example 1, used engine oil in example 1, lignosulfonate in example 2, the components are metered and fed to the mixing in the following ratio, wt .%:

Used engine oil 5

Lignosulfonate 7

Peat 10

Coke breeze 78

After the mixer, the mixture is fed to the briquetting in a roller press, where it is briquetted at a pressure of 30 MPa, and then the briquettes are dried at a temperature of 295 ° C for 25 minutes to a residual moisture content of 4-6%, then the briquettes are cooled at ambient temperature.

The resulting briquettes contain components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Used engine oil 5

Lignosulfonate 7 with a total binder content of 1 2

Peat 1 0

Coke breeze 78 with a total content of ground solid fuel 88

Briquettes have the shape of a round lens with a diameter of 45 mm and a height of 29 mm, a calorific value of 5600-6200 kcal / kg, a moisture content of 3-5%, compressive strength of 1 0-1 2 MPa, a drop strength of 96% remains on the sieve, which indicates about the good strength of briquettes.

Example 5

The following components are used: coal slurry from grade G coal with a sieve composition of 0-1 mm, ash content of 11-1 2% and humidity of 1 0%, used engine oil in example 1, lignosulfonate with a density of 1.26 t / m ³ and clay with moisture 18%, the components are metered and fed to the mixture in the following ratio, wt.%:

Used engine oil 2

Lignosulfonate 5

Clay 5

Coal slurry 88

After the mixer, the mixture is briquetted in a roller press at a pressure of 25 MPa, and then the briquettes are dried at 250 ° C for 25 minutes, then the briquettes are cooled at ambient temperature.

The resulting briquettes contain components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Used engine oil 2

Lignosulfonate 5

Clay 5 with a total binder content of 1 2 Coal sludge 88

Briquettes have the shape of a round lens with a diameter of 40.5 mm, a height of 28 mm, humidity of 3-5%, calorific value - 7100-7200 kcal / kg, compressive strength of 9-12 MPa, dropping strength - 95% remains on the sieve, which testifies to the high strength of briquettes.

Example 6

Use the following components: sawdust in example 3, peat in example 1. waste engine oil of example 1, oil sludge according to example 2, waste activated sludge according to example 2, lignosulfonate according to example 2, clay according to example 5.

These components in the briquetted mixture is served in the following ratio, wt.%:

Used engine oil five Oil sludge five Spent activated sludge eight Lignosulfonate four Clay ten Sawdust 28 Peat 40 Half waste engine oil

pre-mixed with sawdust and peat, then a mixture of the rest of the waste oil, sludge, waste activated sludge, lignosulfonate and clay is mixed into the mixture.

The briquettes are pressed in a screw press at a pressure of 1.5 MPa and then the briquettes are dried at 80 ° C for 90 minutes.

The resulting briquettes contain components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Used engine oil 5

Oil slime 5

Spent activated sludge 8

Lignosulfonate 4

Clay 10 with a total binder content of 32

Sawdust 28

Peat 40 with a total content of ground solid fuel 68

The briquettes are in the form of cylinders with a diameter of 56 mm, a length of 80 mm, calorific value - 4200-4800 kcal / kg, humidity 5-7%, compressive strength 8-9 MPa, shedding strength - 93% remains on the sieve, which indicates good strength briquettes.

Example 7 (option).

A molded fuel was manufactured at the pilot plant using the following components: condensed activated sludge from a treatment plant with a water content of 75%, a density of 1.1-1.4 t / m ³ , ash content 22-28%, coal fines of grade G coal with a sieve composition of 0-6 mm, a humidity of 9-11% and ash of 1 4% and coke breeze with a sieve composition of 0-6 mm, a humidity of 8-9% and ash of 9-10%, while the content in the mixture of activated sludge with water 75% was 30 wt.%, the content of coal fines - 35 wt.% and the content of coke breeze - 35%. Condensed activated sludge from a warehouse with measured tanks is fed into the mixer, into which of the bins, coal and coke breeze are fed with the help of feeders. In the mixer, the components are mixed for 1-5 minutes and the finished mixture is conveyed to a roller press for molding to a roller press, where the mixture is molded at a pressure of 25 MPa. The moldings are dried in a conveyor dryer for 0.4 hours at a temperature of 180 ° C. The moldings have the following composition, in wt.%: Condensed sludge from treatment plants with a water content of 7-13%, the mixture of coal and coke fines - the rest.

Forms-briquettes in the form of a round lens have a diameter of 45 mm, a height of 32 mm, the mechanical crushing strength is 7 MPa, and at 4-fold dropping of the molds from a height of 1.5 m onto a steel plate on a sieve with a 25 mm cell, 86% remained discharged material. These test results indicate the high mechanical strength of the briquettes. The density of the moldings is 1.15-1.2 t / m ³ , the calorific value is 6200-6800 kcal / kg.

Example 8 (option).

The molded fuel of example 1, but in the formable mixture, the content of condensed activated sludge with a water content of 80% is 49% by weight, coal fines 26% by weight and crushed olives with a sieve composition of 0-3 mm, humidity 9% in an amount of 25% .%, drying was carried out at 120 ° C for 0.8

The moldings have the following composition, in wt.%: condensed sludge from treatment plants with a water content of 10-19.8%, the mixture of coal fines and crushed seeds of olives - the rest.

The molding-briquettes had the shape and dimensions, as in example 7, the mechanical crushing strength was 6.7-7.2 MPa, and when dropped on a sieve with a 25 mm cell, 85% of the material discharged remained, which indicates a high mechanical strength of the moldings. The calorific value of the molded fuel was 5150-5300 kcal / kg, the density of the molds - 1.03-1.09 t / m ³ .

Example 9 (option).

Immediately after drying, the molded fuel according to Example 7 was immersed for 5 minutes in a spent lubricant heated to 80 ° C with a density of 0.86 t / m ³ , an impurity content of 1217% and water of 2-5%.

The moldings have the following composition, in wt.%: Condensed sludge from sewage treatment plants with a water content of 5-13%, spent lubricant 10%, the mixture of coal and coke fines - the rest. Moldings have a mechanical crush strength of 6.8-6.6 MPa, and when tested on a sieve on a sieve with a 25 mm cell, 88% of the material discharged remained, which indicates a high mechanical strength of the moldings. The density of the moldings was 1.17-1.19 t / m ³ , the calorific value of 6350-6820 kcal / kg.

Example 1 0 (option).

The molded mixture contains condensed sludge with a water content of 70% -61% by weight and the rest, in equal mass ratios, coal fines and sawdust, these components are mixed for 5 minutes in a mixer and fed to a screw press extruder, where they are molded under pressure 5 MPa and then dried at 110 ° C for 1 hour. The moldings have the following composition, in wt.%: Condensed sludge from treatment plants with a water content of 11-29.0%; a mixture of fine coal and sawdust - the rest. Get molding briquettes in the form of cylinders with a diameter of 25 mm, a length of 25 mm, which have a density of 1.01.03 t / m ³ , calorific value of 5000-5180 kcal / kg. The mechanical crushing strength of the moldings is 6.95-7.1 MPa, and after 4 times dropping on a sieve with a 20 mm cell, 86-87.5% of the discharged fuel remains, which indicates a high mechanical strength of the moldings.

Example 11 (option).

The moldable mixture contains condensed activated sludge with a water content of 80% -80% by weight and the rest is a mixture in equal quantities by weight of chopped wood bark with a sieve composition of 0-2 mm, humidity 8%, cut into 5 mm lengths of sugar beet pulp with a moisture content of 9% and crushed corn cob cores with a sieve composition of 0-6 mm, moisture content of 5%. The mixture after the mixer is fed to a plate granulator, where they are formed under a pressure of 0.1 MPa in the form of pellets of spherical shape with a diameter of 15-20 mm, which are dried in a conveyor dryer for 1.5 hours at 50 ° C. The moldings have the following composition, in wt.%: Condensed sludge from treatment plants with a water content of 14-38%, a mixture of chopped wood bark, sugar beet pulp and corn cobs cores - the rest.

The density of the granules is 0.6-0.8 t / m ³ , the mechanical crushing strength is 1 2 kg per 1 granule, after 4 times dropping the granules from a height of 1.8 m onto a steel plate, 99.5% of the granules are not destroyed, which indicates their high mechanical strength. The calorific value of the molded fuel is 3530 kcal / kg.

Example 1 2 (option).

The molded fuel according to Example 1 0, but after drying, the molding was immersed for 3 minutes in a liquid mixture heated to 95 ° C with an equal content by weight of paraffin, sludge and fatty waste from the production of mustard oil (fuz), which contains 45% fat, 5% water and 50% of impurities in the form of seeding and mustard husks. Molded fuel has the following composition, in wt.%: Condensed sludge from sewage treatment plants with a water content of 8.5-21%; a mixture of sludge, paraffin and fuza 25%; a mixture of fine coal and sawdust - the rest. The density of the moldings is 1.02-1.05 t / m ³ , the calorific value of the molded fuel is 4800-4860 kcal / kg, the mechanical crushing strength of the moldings is 6.85-7 MPa, and after their 4-fold dropping onto a sieve with a cell 20 mm remained 85-86% of discharged fuel, which indicates a high mechanical strength of the molded fuel.

Example 1 3 (option).

The molded fuel of example 11, but after drying, the liquid mixture of substandard machine lubricant with gum paraffin in an equal weight ratio is sprayed onto the moldings after drying to 98 ° C. Molded fuel contains, in wt.%: Condensed sludge from sewage treatment plants with a water content of 12% -33; mixture of lubricant with paraffin - 40; a mixture of crushed bark, sugar beet pulp, corn cobs, the rest.

The density of the molds is 0.8-0.9 t / m ³ , the mechanical crushing strength is 10-10.5 kg per mold, after 4 times dropping the molds from a height of 1.8 m onto the steel plate 99% of the molds are not destroyed, which indicates their high mechanical strength. The calorific value of the moldings is 4980-5100 kcal / kg.

Example 1 4 (option).

The molded fuel according to Example 1 0, but the drying of the moldings is carried out at an ambient air temperature (26 ° C) for 5 hours. The moldings contain, in wt.%: Condensed sludge with a water content of 12-30%; a mixture of fine coal with sawdust - the rest. The mechanical crushing strength of the moldings is 6.78-6.9 MPa, and after 4 times dropping on a sieve with a 20 mm cell, 86-88% of the material discharged remains, which indicates a high mechanical strength of the moldings. The density of the moldings is 1.01-1.04 t / m ³ , the calorific value of the moldings is 4200-5050 kcal / kg.

Example 1 5 (option).

The molded fuel of example 11, but drying the moldings is carried out at an ambient air temperature (20.5 ° C) for 30 hours. The moldings contain, in wt.%: Condensed sludge from treatment plants with a water content of 10% -34; a mixture of crushed bark, sugar beet pulp, corn cobs, the rest. The density of the molds 0,580,75 t / m ³ . The heating value of the moldings is 3680 kcal / kg. The mechanical crush strength of the molds is 1 to 4 kg per mold, after 4 times dropping the molds from a height of 1.8 m onto a steel plate, 99.98% of the molds are not destroyed. This indicates a high mechanical strength of the molded fuel.

Example 1 6 (option).

Molded fuel according to example 1 0, but lignin is present in the composition of crushed solid fuel instead of sawdust. Molded fuel contains in wt.%: Condensed sludge from sewage treatment plants with a water content of 12% -30; a mixture of fine coal with lignin - the rest. The density of the molds is 1.01-1.04 t / m ³ , the calorific value of the molds is 4980-4990 kcal / kg. The mechanical crushing strength of 6.86.95 MPa, and after 4 times dropping from a height of 1.8 m onto a steel plate, 86-87.5% of the material being dropped remains on a sieve with a 20 mm cell, which indicates a high mechanical strength moldings.

Example 1 7 (option).

The formulated mixture contains condensed activated sludge with a water content of 75% -70% by weight and fine (0-3 mm) peat with a moisture content of 1-2% - the rest.

The mixture is fed into a screw press extruder, where it is molded at a pressure of 8 MPa, and the moldings are dried in a conveyor dryer at a temperature of 100 ° C for 1.3 hours. The moldings contain in wt.%: Condensed sludge from treatment plants with a water content of 10-30 %, fine peat - the rest.

Molding briquettes in the form of cylinders with a diameter of 25 mm, a length of 25 mm, have a density of 0.80-0.82 t / m ³ and a calorific value of 3650-3800 kcal / kg.

The mechanical crushing strength of the moldings is 6.15-6.38 MPa, and after 4 times dropping from a height of 1.8 m onto a steel plate, 89% of the material discharged remained on a sieve with a 20 mm cell, which indicates a high mechanical strength of the molded fuel.

Industrial Applicability

Examples of the implementation of methods for producing molded (briquetted, granulated) fuel of the proposed compositions (variants) confirm the achievement of the technical result - high mechanical strength of the molded fuel, which allows carrying out transport and loading operations without special measures and thereby reducing costs when using them and confirms the industrial applicability of the invention.

In addition, the invention allows for its industrial application to reduce environmental pollution.

Claims (9)

CLAIM 1. Molded fuel based on a dried mixture of crushed solid fuel and a binder based on refining waste - sludge and / or used engine oil, characterized in that the binder additionally contains components selected from the group that includes in% by weight of the mixture: lignosulfonate or molasses 2 -7, and / or dehydrated activated sludge 3-8, and / or clay 3-1 0, and / or paraffin or gum paraffin 1-6, in the following ratio of components, in wt.%: Binder 10-32 The crushed solid fuel from the group: sawdust, peat, dehydrated manure, dehydrated poultry manure, coke or coal fines, coal slime, lignin, or mixtures thereof 2. Molded fuel based on the dried mixture of crushed solid fuel and waste - condensed sludge from wastewater treatment plants, characterized in that it contains condensed sludge with a water content of 514% in the following ratio of components, in wt.%: Condensed sludge with a water content of 5-14% 13-38 Shredded solid fuel from the group of: wood, vegetable waste, lignin, peat, coke or coal fines, textile waste, or their mixtures Else 3. A method of obtaining a molded fuel according to claim 1, comprising mixing crushed solid fuel with a binder based on oil refining waste - sludge and / or used engine oil, molding the mixture and drying the moldings, characterized in that a component selected from the group comprising in% by weight of the mixture: lignosulfonate or molasses 27, and / or dehydrated activated sludge 3-8, and / or clay 3-1 0, and / or paraffin or gum paraffin 1-6, with the following content of components in molding, wt.%: binder 10-32 and grind Noe solid fuel from the group: wood sawdust, peat, dehydrated manure, poultry manure dehydrated, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or else mixtures thereof, molding is carried out at 1-30 MPa and drying the moldings at 300 ° C. 4. The method of obtaining molded fuel according to claim 2, comprising mixing crushed solid fuel with waste - condensed sludge from wastewater treatment plants, molding the mixture and subsequent drying of the molds, characterized in that for mixing use condensed sludge with a water content of 70-80 %, molded mixture at a pressure of 0.1-25 MPa and dried molding at 50-180 ° C for 1.5-0.4 h or at an ambient temperature of 5-30 h, while the molded fuel contains, in wt. %: Condensed sludge with a water content of 5-14% 13-38 Shredded solid fuel from the group of: wood, vegetable waste, lignin, peat, coke or coal fines, textile waste, or their mixtures Else 5. Molded fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that it additionally contains up to 10-40% by weight of waste or substandard lubricants and / or oil sludge and / or grease waste. 6. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the components of the binder are mixed before mixing with solid fuel. 7. The method according to claim 3, 6, characterized in that the components of the binder are heated to 60-80 ° C before mixing, or mixed with heating to 60-80 ° C. 8. The method according to PP.3, 6, 7, characterized in that the solid fuel is pre-mixed with half of the oil sludge or waste engine oil and then add the remaining components of the binder. 9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that after drying on the moldings, an additional 15 sprinkles or moldings are immersed in a liquid heated waste or substandard lubricants, and / or oil sludge and / or paraffin wax or slack wax, and / or fat waste to their content in the molded fuel to 10-40 wt.%.