EA000327B1 - Method of converting energy and a device for applying the said method - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of converting energy in a power-generating facility or engine, comprising converting one form of energy to another form of useful energy using the constraining physical action of a force or forces of the energy being converted on at least one source of oscillations in the form of a physical object and part of or connected to the energy conversion system, characterized in that converting one form of energy to another form of useful energy is carried out in a resonance mode defined by a set of physical factors and directly influencing on the increase of the specific output of the useful energy, and in the most sophisticated systems, and for the reproduction of the initial, to be converted, energy is reached by applying force(s) of the initial form of energy upon the oscillation source, taking and directly converting this action into another form of useful energy in (resonance) location(s) or zone(s) and in the direction, in which a frequency of oscillation of said action approaches to the own frequency of said source, wherein said location(s) or zone(s) and direction are determined by the potentially existing in the system a possibility realization said approach and to realize said reproduction a power influence of said oscillation source is applied upon the source of energy to be converted or in the direction of it. 2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that when converting heat into the energy of the working body or its carrier, said oscillation mode is reached by applying on the heat source, being in the heat (working) chamber and being a source of oscillation of atoms and molecules simultaneously the heat discharge to the working body or power carrier a controlled compression action of continuous or cycling, general or local character, providing delaying or expulsion decrease physically-bound between each other the frequency of oscillation of atoms and molecules, pressure and temperature of the heat source, wherein the ratio between the mass and parameters of the body, absorbing the heat, and the mass and parameters of the source of the heat is chosen and resonance location or the zone are determined according to the potentially-existing in the thermodynamic system of a possibility realization these delays or expulsions. 3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that when converting one form of energy to another form a substance(s) in solid, aqueous, gaseous or mixed states, for example, heated air and/or products of burning are used as said source of heat and as the working body-mass of water or water steam, wherein the heat transfer from its source to the working body or the power carrier is carried out either through the surfaces to the heat transfer or through direct contacts of their masses. 4. Method according to Claims 2-3, characterized in that in the process of conversion the substance(s), absorbing the heat is (are) used as a source of controlled compression action upon the heat source, being in the working chamber, wherein the ratio between said masses and their parameters is chosen to secure said resonance mode. 5. Method according to Claims 2-4, characterized in that in the process of conversion the compression action is controlled by a pressure accumulator and by a physical object, for example, by a piston, arranged in the working cylinder of said accumulator, in one of cases water steam is used as working medium and said action is controlled by changing the pressure of said working medium. 6. Method according to Claims 2-5, characterized in that prior to the heat transfer from mass of its source to mass of the substance(s), absorbing the heat, the thermal potential of said heat source is increased and to reach that said heat source is preliminary compressed, for example, in the heat chamber with such initial parameters of temperature and pressure of the source, at which occurs considerable or even maximum increase quantum output of thermal energy. 7. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that when converting the initial form of energy into the mechanical form, said resonance mode is reached through using the constraining physical action on the mechanical source of oscillation, comprising at least one rotating member and connected with it the working member(s) or an element(s), taking the action of force(s) of the initial energy and converting it into the mechanical form in the resonance location(s), zone(s), providing approaching the direction of said influence to the direction of maximum linear speed of the mechanical, wherein, if necessary, action of force(s) of energy to be converted depends upon the increase the shoulder of its application, and resonance location(s), or zone(s) are determined by a potentially-existing in the mechanical system a possibility of realization of this approach. 8. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the process of energy conversion, the mechanical source of oscillation, comprising the main working piston, connected with the crankgear and arranged in the working cylinder is subjected to the constraining physical action of force(s) by gaseous working body in the resonance zone, limited from one side by the main piston and from the other side by the auxiliary piston, arranged after the main one and connected with an auxiliary drive, which provides moving the working body and the displacement the amplitude of its action upon the mechanical source of oscillation to the point of the upper dead point, corresponding to turn of the crankgear by more than 15 degrees, and to obtain maximum effectiveness of the conversion process, the position of the piston towards the working cylinder shall correspond to the position of the connecting rod towards the crankgear arranged at angle 90 degree or close to it. 9. Method according to Claims 1, 7, 8, characterized in that in case of action on said source of the initial energy from the side of said source of oscillation, conversion of one form of energy to another in closed isolated system is carried out with said physical feedback by a reversible closed working cycle, and for that the energy to be formed, using the action of force(s) from the side of oscillation source is converted into the initial energy, and constraining action of force(s) of the initial energy in said resonance mode into useful energy and further repeating the conversion process by the same way, wherein one part of thus formed energy is used to repeat the processes and a second for performing useful work. 10. Method according to Claims 7-9, characterized in that when converting the energy by said reversible closed working cycle the action of force(s) on the source of initial energy is carried out from the side of the crankgear through the working piston in the process of compression of gaseous working body in the working cylinder and in the process of its displacement in the working volume of the pressure accumulator, providing further supply and expansion of this working body in said resonance zone in said resonance mode. 11. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that when converting the energy, approaching said directions is ensured using high-pressure chambers, by its value exceeding pressure in existing power-generating facilities and engines, for example, in reactive microchambers of burning processes and/or steam generation, or in chambers of impact-cyclic action, arranged along the trajectory of moving the rotating member or directly on it providing said approach. 12. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that when converting the energy of the working body in aqueous state into the mechanical energy by the reversible closed working cycle, performed in a reactive wheel, additionally provided with reactive chamber-traps, arranged, for example, along the peripheries after the reactive holes or nozzles of the previous step in its turn provided with their own reactive holes or nozzles through which the working body flows out after the centrifugal compression, and drainage holes arranged below the reactive holes or nozzles of the previous step, said resonance mode is reached after each chamber-trap, during rotation of the wheel, act upon the working body in the process of its centrifugal compression on one hand and on the other hand due to using additional reactive force, act upon the working wheel securing the approach the frequency of oscillations and the direction of acting each trap upon the working body to the frequency of oscillations and the direction of acting of the reactive force of the working body upon this trap. 13. Method according to Claims 1, 7, 9, characterized in that when converting electrical power into the required useful form, said resonance mode is reached after resonance acting upon an electrical circuit, being a member of the energy conversion system or connected to it, said electrical circuit, being a source of electromagnetic oscillations, for example, acts upon A.C. electrical circuit so as said circuit is periodically disconnected with a frequency, approaching to the frequency of electrical current (electromagnetic oscillations) in this circuit. 14. Method according to Claims 1, 7, 9, characterized in that when converting electrical power into the mechanical form, for example, in an A.C. electrical motor, said resonance mode is reached using resonance contours, to provide the approach oscillations of electrical current in a stator and/or rotor electrical windings to the frequency of electromagnetic forces acting upon said rotor, for which, said contours are connected to said windings. 15. Power generating facility (engine) to carry out the method according to Claim 1, comprising the system for conversion one form of energy to another form, including into it or connected with it, at least, one source of oscillation, taking constraining physical action of one initial energy form and converting it into another useful form, the system of supply of masses of substa

Description

The invention relates to the field of physics of the conversion of some types of energy into others, can be widely used in the energy sector, in particular, in power-generating machinery and engine-building.

At present, in almost all spheres of human activity, methods are used to transform one type of energy into another, which were developed on the basis of the existing worldview, generally accepted scientific foundations, including those known, elevated to the rank of laws, the foundations of classical mechanics and thermodynamics.

Naturally, only these, and not other scientific bases, the existing methods and approaches, predetermine the qualitative and quantitative content of the energy conversion workflows, the disadvantages and advantages of existing devices. For example, power plants developed on the basis of classical mechanics and thermodynamics, which serve to convert heat into the necessary types of useful energy, have very serious disadvantages, which include:

- increased environmental hazard;

- large energy losses on the organization of work processes;

- heavy loads on working bodies;

- design complexity;

- high consumption and use of expensive fuels.

These shortcomings, which led to the formation of an extremely complex ecological situation on our planet, indicate the imperfection of scientific methods and approaches, which currently do not allow to reveal the potential possibilities of currently used energy sources and systems serving to convert some of its species into others.

The energy content of these sources, in the systems with which they interact in energy conversion processes, is much higher than what is taken into account in the so-called energy balance.

The imperfection of scientific methods and approaches used in the development and analysis of energy conversion methods is the absence of the concept of energy loss associated with a decrease in the efficiency (when a state changes) of energy sources and systems serving to convert it.

The efficiency of energy sources and systems that serve for its transformation directly depends on the complex of causal physical factors, namely, the place or places, zones or zones of application of force or forces of the converted energy, directions, magnitudes of the force and dynamic parameters of the specified effect in the systems reacting on this effect, including the parameters of oscillations and waves that accompany any process of energy conversion.

Unfortunately, in almost all power plants and engines currently known, energy conversion processes are aimed at reducing the performance of both the energy sources used and the systems used to convert it. This is due to the fact that these processes were developed without due consideration of the above factors and attention to them. Such an attitude to these factors predetermined a high level of losses, and, accordingly, the shortcomings of modern power plants and engines, in which energy conversion workflows should be qualified as inefficient.

For example, any modern thermal device, be it an internal combustion engine or a thermal station, is a low-efficiency device with low-efficiency work processes, because the source of heat, as a source of vibrations of atoms and molecules, does not turn out to be a proper physical effect, which reduces energy losses due to changes in the state of the specified source, in the process of transferring heat from it to the working fluid or energy carrier.

The lack of effective impact of the forces of the converted energy on the working bodies in the existing mechanical or electromechanical systems has led to a significant reduction in the performance of the latter.

For example, the efficiency of piston engines with a crank mechanism depends on the increase in the leverage of the applied forces of the working fluid on the crank. The maximum value of this shoulder, and, consequently, the efficiency of the crank mechanism correspond to the location of the connecting rod relative to the crank at an angle of 90 °. Unfortunately, at the maximum potential operability of the crank mechanism in existing piston engines, the effect of the working body forces on the piston, and accordingly on the crank, is minimal, because at this moment the expansion of the working body is almost complete. This indicates the need for piston engines to move the application of forces of the working fluid on the crank mechanism in the position of its maximum efficiency.

A similar picture is seen in any device currently used to convert one type of energy into another.

Considering that the energy conversion methods on the basis of which modern power plants and engines were created, for the above 3 reasons indicated are inefficient, the purpose of the present invention is to develop an environmentally safe, highly efficient way of energy conversion and devices for its implementation that would create scientific and technical technological and moral and ethical prerequisites necessary to resolve extremely complex environmental, energy, socio-economic and spiritual and ethical issues.

Used in the present invention, the methods and approaches are aimed at providing resonant modes that directly affect the increase in the specific yield of useful energy generated when converting one of its forms into another. This provision provides both at the macro and micro levels a reasonable use of a complex of physical factors, namely, places or places, zones or zones of application of force or forces of the converted energy, directions, magnitudes of force and dynamic parameters of the specified effect in systems that react to this effect. . These factors determine the qualitative and quantitative content of almost all energy conversion processes currently known.

Practically all currently known methods of energy conversion and devices for their implementation are predisposed to resonant modes that directly affect the increase in the specific yield of useful energy, therefore the well-known method of transforming the original form of energy, for example, the energy of the working fluid into a liquid or gaseous state, heat, electric energy or another kind of it, into the necessary useful type of energy, as a prototype - an installation and method are chosen, described in publications of US patent No. 3991574. This method involves converting the energy of the working fluid in the gaseous state into useful mechanical energy and resonant mode, indirectly affecting the increase in the specific yield of useful energy by reducing losses associated with acceleration and deceleration of reciprocating moving masses.

One of the drawbacks of this method is that its resonant mode is not directly related to the input into the resonance of physical factors that characterize, quantitatively and qualitatively determine the content of the specified transformation.

The basis of the invention, which determines its unified technical concept, novelty, level of technology and industrial applicability, is the task of uncovering the potential for increasing the efficiency of using the converted types of energy and the efficiency of the systems used to transform it.

The task is achieved in a power plant or engine by converting one source of energy, for example, the energy of the working fluid in a liquid or gaseous state, thermal or electrical energy into another, the necessary type of useful energy, including resonant provision, directly affecting the increase in specific output of useful energy.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that the conversion of one source of energy into another useful form, carried out using the forcing effect of the force or forces of the original, converted energy on at least one, perceiving and transforming this effect into the necessary useful form of energy, the source oscillations included in the energy conversion system or connected to it, is performed in a resonant mode, designed to improve the use of the complex physical factors Accompanying this process and directly influencing increase therein specific yield useful energy, and in the most advanced systems - and for the reproduction of the original, transformed energy. The specified resonant mode is achieved by the fact that the forcing effect of the force or forces of the original form of energy on the source of vibrations, perceiving and directly transforming this effect into another useful form of energy, turns out to be in a resonant place or places, zone or zones and direction in which the oscillation frequency is specified effects close to the natural frequency formed by the specified source, and the specified place or places, zone or zones and direction is determined by potentially existing in the system the possibility of implementing this approximation.

The implementation in the method of the specified reproduction is achieved by the fact that the source of the converted energy or in the direction of the impact of this energy is affected by the force from the specified source of oscillations.

The implementation of the proposed method is possible in several areas (groups) of increasing the efficiency of systems that serve to convert energy.

1. Direction (group) of improving the performance of thermal and thermodynamic systems.

In this direction, the resonant mode used directly to increase the specific yield of useful energy in the method is achieved by converting heat into energy of the working medium or its carrier, by the fact that the source of heat in the working chamber and being the source of atomic and molecular vibrations with the process of transferring heat from it to the working fluid or energy carrier, the controlled, compressive effect of a continuous or cyclic, bulk or local character turns out to be. The mode and magnitude of this effect maintains the state of the heat source at the resonant thermodynamic level, determined by slowing the decrease in physically interconnected vibration frequencies of atoms and molecules, pressure and temperature of this source, or determined by the absence of a decrease in physically interconnected vibration frequencies of atoms and molecules, pressure and temperature specified source. The resonant place or zone in the thermodynamic system is determined by the potential for a given system to decelerate or eliminate.

For example, in the process of controlled transfer of heat to the working body or energy carrier, the mass of the heat source is squeezed in a constant pressure mode of 100 kg / cm ² and a constant temperature of 4000 ° C. In this mode, the oscillation frequency of the atoms and molecules of the source used is not reduced.

In the process of energy conversion, a mass of a substance or substances in any state, for example, gaseous, a mass of heated air and / or a mass of combustion products can be used as a source of heat, and a mass of water or water vapor as a working fluid or energy carrier.

The transfer of heat from its source to the working fluid or energy carrier is carried out either through heat transfer surfaces or by direct contact of the bodies.

In one of the options, in the process of energy conversion, a mass of a substance or substances absorbing this heat is used as a source of controlled compressive impact on the heat source, and the selection of such substances participating in the process, such mass ratios of these substances, and such parameters of their state are performed, which provides the specified resonant thermodynamic mode with the specified resonant software.

In the process of energy conversion, a controlled compressive effect on the heat source can be carried out with the help of a special body, for example, a piston located in the working cylinder.

Possible controlled compressive effects on the source of heat through direct contact with the mass of the substance or substances that absorb this heat and is used to implement the specified effects.

In the process of energy conversion, heat exchange between the mass of the heat source and the mass of a substance or substances absorbing this heat can be carried out when they are mixed in a common working chamber. substances, such mass ratios of these substances, such parameters of their states, at which the rate of increase in pressure of the mass of a substance or substance that absorbs heat, approaches, em or more, for example, as in a controlled explosion, the rate of change of pressure of the mass of a substance or substances emitting and transmitting this heat in the process of this heat transfer.

In one of the options in the process of energy conversion, a controlled compressive effect on the mass of a substance or substances emitting and transmitting heat or participating in the heat exchange process in a common working chamber is carried out using a pressure accumulator.

To increase the thermal potential (temperature) of the specified source, it is advisable to start pre-compressing the source mass, for example, in a heat working chamber, prior to the start of the transition from it to the mass of the working fluid or energy carrier, and the initial temperature and pressure parameters of the heat source are selected at which there is a significant or maximum possible increase in the output of the quantum of energy of heat, or simply the specific yield of heat in relation to the energy supplied to the preliminary compression, example, mechanical, for example, compression is carried out with the initial mass of air temperature parameters 1000 ° C and a pressure of 1 kg / cm ² to a pressure of 100 kg / cm ² and the temperature corresponding to the temperature of its gaseous state at this compression.

It is possible that in the process of energy conversion, prior to the beginning of the transfer of heat from the mass of its source to the mass of the working fluid or energy carrier, heat is removed to preheat the masses of air and / or fuel supplied to the specified chamber, for example, from the cylindrical surface of the elongated chamber combustion, to an air heating temperature of more than 600 ° C and fuel more than 100 ° C, or to parameters approaching the parameters of the explosion.

It is also possible that in the process of energy conversion a mass of combustion products is used as a source of heat, and a controlled compressive effect on this mass is carried out in the combustion chamber of a hot-water or steam boiler installation, in the chamber of an internal or external combustion engine.

Alternatively, in the process of energy conversion, a mass of combustion products is used as a source of heat, and a controlled compressive effect on this mass is carried out in the combustion chamber of a piston engine by means of controlled supply of water vapor or superheated water, by means of which the engine is brought to the temperature mode of operation before reaching the temperature steam-gas mixture at the beginning of the process of expansion of the working fluid in the range of 300-1000% :.

In another embodiment, in the process of energy conversion as a source of heat, a mass of combustion products is used, and a controlled compressive effect on this mass is carried out in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine or turbojet engine by controlling the supply of water vapor to this chamber or before entering the turbine or overheated water, by means of which the engine is brought to a temperature regime with the parameters of the temperature at the turbine inlet in the range of 300-600%: at the same time, as a rule, the flow is reduced air cooling products of combustion in front of the specified entrance to the turbine.

E> rocket engines it is also advisable to carry out a controlled supply of water vapor or superheated water to the combustion chamber before reaching the parameters at the engine outlet below 1500% :.

The indicated temperature regimes in piston, gas turbine, turbojet and rocket engines correspond to the most efficient resonance supply, which increases the energy of the working fluid and, accordingly, the specific yield of useful energy.

In relation to piston engines, in the process of energy conversion, a body of water in any aggregative state is used as a heat absorbing body and increases the efficiency of the system serving to convert energy, the mass of air preheated during compression and / or the mass of combustion products is used as a source of heat , and controlled compressive effects on these masses are carried out in the engine combustion chamber by means of an auxiliary or gas piston, which is the executive body pressure accumulator. With it, the energy of compressing the mass of air is accumulated, and then its pressure is prevented from decreasing during the transfer of heat to the mass of fuel, the energy of combustion processes and the formation of a vapor-gas mixture with simultaneous automatic compressive effects on these masses involved in these processes is accumulated.

As applied to steam-gas turbines, an additional source of heat is the mass of air previously heated during compression in the compressor and mixed with water vapor in the working chamber. The vapor-air mixture formed from the chamber is fed to the steam-gas turbine, with a controlled compressive effect on the mass of air by increasing the pressure of water vapor formed in the heat transfer process.

Typically, the control of the compressive effect in the process of energy conversion is carried out by adjusting the parameters of the source of this effect, for example, the pressure of the gaseous working fluid of the pressure accumulator used for this purpose.

In one of the options, water vapor is used as a source of controlled compressive effect on the heat source, which is also the working fluid of the pressure accumulator.

If necessary, in the process of energy conversion, simultaneously with the control of the compressive effect, the process of transfer of heat from its source to the body that absorbs heat is controlled by regulating the pressure and flow rate of the latter.

2. The direction of improving the performance of mechanical systems.

In this direction, the method is carried out in the process of converting any source of energy into another form of energy, for example, mechanical, a mechanical source is used as a source of oscillations or waves, including at least one rotating member and connected to it, for example, by means of a node or nodes, the working body or working bodies, perceiving the effects of the converted energy, which is performed in a resonant mode, used directly to increase the specific output of the useful energy, in direction and frequency approaching the direction of the vector of the maximum linear velocity of the rotating body and the frequency of oscillations and mechanical waves formed, for example, by the specified node (s) in the specified process, while the resonant place or places, zone or areas of application of the specified impact existing mechanical system of the specified approximation. Approaching the effects of the converted energy to the direction of the maximum linear velocity vector of the rotating body in the specified process is carried out with the help of a body or bodies, an organ or organs, an auxiliary drive or an auxiliary system, by means of which the specified effect is moved and / or concentrated in the right direction.

Particularly noteworthy is a variant of the method of converting one type of energy into another, carried out with physical feedback on a reversible closed working cycle. This method is achieved by converting mechanical energy into one of the existing types of energy, for example, into the energy of a working fluid in a gaseous or liquid state, by any previously known method, then, in the indicated resonant mode, the force or forces generated by this are converted energy back into the mechanical energy of at least one rotating working body described earlier by, with the subsequent repetition of the processes of energy conversion by the specified reversible closed in the working cycle, in which one part of the required amount of mechanical energy is directed at repeating the process of transformation and the reproduction power, the second part is used to perform useful work.

In one of these options, in the process of converting the indicated forces or forces of one of the types of energy into mechanical energy of a rotating working body, simultaneously with the application of forces in the specified mode, the arm of this force or these forces is increased to this working body.

In embodiments of the method of this direction, in the process of converting the energy of the working fluid, for example, in a gaseous state, into mechanical energy, a crank mechanism and a main working piston connected to it, to which the working cylinder is connected to it, is used as a mechanical source of oscillations or waves. body is affected in the resonant mode, characterized by the fact that the effect of the forces of the specified working fluid on the specified working piston with the help of an auxiliary piston connected with an auxiliary drive, for example, mechanical or hydraulic, and located in the working cylinder after the main working piston, is displaced from the top dead center position by the angle of rotation of the crank by more than 15 °, for example, by 70 °. Due to this displacement, the direction of the vector of the specified action approaches the direction of the vector of the maximum linear velocity of the crank. In the considered variant, the resonance zone is limited by the indicated pistons when they are moved from the position of the top dead center to the indicated angle of rotation of the crank.

In internal combustion engines with energy injection of steam or water, the application of the action of the working body forces on the main working piston is shifted by a specified amount by means of an auxiliary piston connected to a pressure accumulator. In this engine, the pressure accumulator is used in comparison with the analogue not only to limit the combustion pressure while increasing the compression ratio, but also for a new purpose, namely for the indicated displacement, to reduce losses associated with changes in the state of the heat source and to limit the pressure generated during mixing products of combustion and water vapor.

The most effective variant of this direction is the conversion of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy, carried out in a steam engine, steam engine or air engine. In this case, the movement of the application of the action of the forces of the working fluid on the main working piston in the resonant zone, is performed using a hydraulic, mechanical or other tracking system. This system moves the auxiliary piston after the main one, for example, to the position corresponding to the position of the main working piston from its top dead center in the angle of rotation of the crank, for example, by 70 °. The auxiliary piston in this position is fixed relative to the working cylinder, for example, by means of a hydraulic valve, after which the working fluid is supplied between the auxiliary and main pistons, for example, with a pressure of 100 kg / cm ² , which performs useful work at a given angle of rotation of the crank in the resonant mode achieved using the specified resonant software. After passing the lower dead center by the main working piston, the auxiliary piston is unlatched relative to the working cylinder and returns to the initial position.

To ensure the reproduction of the original energy of the working fluid in the form of compressed air mass, the latter is compressed in the working cylinder at the position of the auxiliary piston at top dead center and moves into the working volume of the pressure accumulator. After that, from the working volume of the specified accumulator, the subsequent supply and expansion of the compressed air mass is provided in the above-considered resonant zone and resonant mode. In this embodiment, formed during the expansion of the working fluid, one part of the mechanical energy is directed through a reversible closed loop to repeat the compression process of the specified mass, and the second to the useful work.

It is possible to convert one type of energy into another through a reversible closed working cycle in a piston engine with a crank mechanism, so that the mechanical energy of the crank transmitted through the rod and the main working piston is converted into the energy of a gaseous working fluid formed during its compression in the working cylinder, when the main working piston moves to the position of the top dead center. Then this working body is moved by an auxiliary piston, for example, by means of a hydraulic drive, in the direction of movement of the main working piston to the position corresponding to the input of the system (working body - the main working piston connecting rod - crank) to the resonant mode. Simultaneously with the movement of the working fluid, the energy expended in this process is converted into mechanical energy. After that, the auxiliary piston is fixed relative to the working cylinder, and then the energy of the working fluid, formed in the process of its compression, is converted into mechanical energy. In this case, one part of the generated mechanical energy is directed to the repetition of the transformation process and its reproduction, the second part is used to perform useful work.

In reciprocating closed-loop piston engines, it is possible to use a spring or spring assembly as the working fluid between the auxiliary and main operating pistons.

In one of the options in the process of energy conversion, the force effect of the initial energy, for example, volumetric, is redistributed, concentrated in the direction of movement of the working body or working bodies of the energy conversion system that perceive and transform this effect into useful energy, for example, by increasing the cross-sectional area the specified working body or the total cross-sectional area of the working bodies of the specified system in the direction of their movement, for example, the redistribution and concentration of the impact of si l working fluid in a gaseous state is carried out in a piston engine equipped with a stepped working cylinder with a stepped working piston located in it, connected to a crank-connecting rod mechanism, by ensuring that the working body created in a smaller working volume of the working cylinder is directed to a larger working volume this cylinder from the side that provides the piston in the direction of the bottom dead center. In the case of full expansion of the working fluid, the specified resonant provision is achieved by the fact that the oscillation frequency of the working piston corresponds to the oscillation frequency of the change in the state of the working medium and, accordingly, the frequency of change of its forces acting on the specified piston.

In the next version, the direction of the influence of the converted energy, for example, the energy of the working fluid in the gaseous state, to the direction of the vector of the maximum linear velocity of the rotating body, for example, the impeller, is approached using special high-pressure chambers exceeding in existing power plants or engines for example, reactive microcameras of combustion and / or vaporization or shock-cycling chambers. These cameras are located along the trajectory of movement or directly on a rotating organ in such a way that the direction of action of the working body forces on the working elements approximates or coincides with the vector of maximum linear velocity of the places of these elements located on the rotating organ.

In this embodiment, a further increase in the efficiency of the method is achieved by cyclically influencing the working fluid on the working elements of the rotating body, which, in turn, is achieved by cyclically feeding the components that make up the working fluid, or cyclically feeding the working medium directly to the working elements that perceive and transform the forces initial energy into mechanical energy.

3. The direction of improving the performance of hydrodynamic systems.

In one of the variants of this direction, the method is carried out in systems with a hydraulic reactive rotating working body (wheel). In these systems, the direction of the force or forces of the energy being converted, for example, the energy of the working fluid in a liquid state, to the direction of the tangent to the trajectory described by the rotating working body, for example, the Segner jet wheel, is carried out stepwise, several times, with the help of jet trap chambers. These chambers have drainage holes below the level of the reactive holes or nozzles of the previous stage and are located around the circumference following the holes (nozzles) so that the jet stream flowing from each nozzle (orifice) falls into its trap chamber, which would compress by means of centrifugal forces the working fluid and moved it to the jet nozzle or orifice of the next degree, in which the process would repeat again. In this embodiment, the resonant mode is provided by approximating the oscillation frequency and the direction of each trap's impact on the working fluid to the frequency of oscillation and the direction of the influence of the reactive force of the working fluid on this trap.

In another variant of this direction, the method is carried out in a system including a rotating wheel, the working elements of which are working fluid in a liquid state under high pressure, for example. 200 kg / cm ² , served cyclically in a resonant mode.

4. Direction of increasing the efficiency of electrical and electrodynamic systems.

In this direction, the method is carried out in the process of converting electrical energy into another, necessary, type of useful energy, for example, mechanical energy.

In one of the variants of this direction, an electrical circuit, being a source of electromagnetic oscillations and waves, located between the source and the consumer of electrical energy, is a cyclical forcing physical effect, by means of which the amplitude of the electric current is increased (rocked), for example, by performing periodic switching and opening the specified circuit with a frequency approaching the frequency of the electric current passing through the specified circuit.

In another variant of this direction, the process of converting electrical energy into another type of energy is carried out in an electric motor, for example, an alternating current electric motor. In this engine, the process of energy conversion is introduced into the resonant mode by bringing the frequency of oscillations of electric current in the stator and / or rotor windings of the motor to the frequency of oscillations of electromagnetic forces acting on the specified rotor and forming positive moment on it. This approximation is achieved using resonant circuits connected to the specified windings.

A device for implementing the method is a power plant (engine), which includes a system for converting one type of energy into another, which is included in it or connected to it, at least one source of oscillations, which perceives the forcing physical effect of one initial type of energy and converts it into another a useful view, a system for supplying a mass of a substance or substances for the formation of a working fluid or energy carrier and / or a system for supplying initial energy to a place or place, zone or zones of its conversion . A distinctive feature of this installation is that it contains a working body or working bodies included in the source of oscillation, and structural elements, a body or organs included in the energy conversion system, the execution and relative location of which provides for the restriction of the (selected) resonant places or places, zones or zones and the resonant effect on the specified source and that the system of supplying the initial energy is made with ensuring this supply to the resonant place or places, well or zone, and also that where appropriate, the energy conversion system further comprises an actuator which provides with said structural elements, said body or bodies and the limiting effects, which usually is connected to one of these bodies or elements.

A device for implementing the method of the first direction is a thermal power plant, including a system for supplying a body or bodies forming a heat source in a gaseous state, a chamber for generating (receiving) heat, a system for supplying a body that absorbs heat, and a system for converting this heat into energy of the working fluid or energy carrier. In the proposed installation, the chamber for the formation (production) of heat further comprises a body or system, with the help of which a resonant mode is achieved, due to a controlled compressive effect on the heat source introduced by this effect into the specified mode. Practically, with the help of the specified additional body or system, the state of the heat source is controlled and its parameters are maintained at the resonant thermodynamic level at which the oscillation frequency of the atoms and molecules of the heat source does not decrease or the decrease in the indicated frequency slows down. In this power plant, the system for supplying the body (water) to the system for the formation of the working fluid or energy carrier provides for this approach, taking into account the choices of mass ratios and parameters of the source of heat and water vapor (water) chosen according to the specified resonant mode.

In one embodiment, a camera with a heat source is connected and has a common heat transfer surface with a camera or a system for converting heat into energy of the working fluid or its carrier.

The specified camera with a source of heat can be combined with a camera or system for converting heat into energy of the working fluid.

In all three variants, the power plant may contain a system for converting the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy.

In a power plant, a camera with a heat source, a camera or a system for converting heat into energy of the working fluid or its carrier can be combined with a working chamber to convert the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy.

As a special case, as the camera with a source of heat, the lower part of the working cylinder is used, the second (upper) part of which serves as a pressure accumulator. The working fluid of the accumulator is water vapor, which is separated from the first part by a piston used as a body that exerts a controlled forceful compressive effect on the body, which is a source of heat. The piston has the ability to move along the cylinder. As a camera or system for converting heat into energy of the working fluid or its carrier, a vaporization chamber is used, which, on the one hand, has thermal insulation, on the other hand, a common heat transfer surface with a heat source chamber. As a system for supplying a body that absorbs heat, a high pressure tank with water in it is used. The specified high-pressure chamber with its lower part communicates with the vaporization chamber through, for example, a pipeline, and the upper part communicates with the upper part of the working cylinder. A pipeline connected to the upper part of the working cylinder and equipped with a flow control device is used as a system for supplying formed steam to a consumer.

In another case, the thermal power plant is presented in the form of a piston engine with an automatically controlled compression ratio. The engine includes a fuel supply system into the combustion chamber, an air intake system, at least one main working cylinder with a main working piston located in it, connected to a crank-drive mechanism, an exhaust system and an accumulator of pressure. The pressure accumulator contains an auxiliary cylinder connected by one side with the upper part of the main working cylinder, the other side connected with the capacity of the pressure accumulator. At the end of the auxiliary cylinder from the main side there is an auxiliary piston having the ability to move along the auxiliary cylinder to the side of the pressure accumulator under the influence of the pressure of the resulting combustion products exceeding the value determined by the specified engine mode. Distinctive features of this engine is that the auxiliary piston has the ability to move towards the accumulator pressure in the process of compressing air mass in the main working cylinder, while the part of the volume of the auxiliary cylinder limited from the main cylinder by the auxiliary piston is a combustion chamber combined with a compression chamber mass of air coming from the main working cylinder.

To improve the efficiency, the piston engine is additionally equipped with a system of preliminary pressurization of air into the main working cylinder and a system for supplying water or water vapor to the specified air mass compression chamber. In order to reduce heat losses in the engine of this option, the vaporization chamber is brought closer to the source of heat. With the combustion chamber, this chamber has common heat transfer surfaces and the possibility of supplying water vapor or superheated water to the latter.

In one of the variants of this engine, a vapor-gas piston is used as a piston in the auxiliary cylinder, a steam boiler or other vaporization chamber is used as a pressure accumulator, the auxiliary cylinder communicates with the main auxiliary cylinder, at least through one valve opening the passage to the auxiliary cylinder the main cylinder when it reaches the last pressure exceeding the pressure in the accumulator pressure.

For implementing the method in the second direction, the power plant or engine includes a system for supplying the original converted energy, for example, the working fluid in a gaseous state, a system that serves to convert the initial energy into mechanical energy. The latter includes at least one rotating body and located on it or connected to it, for example, by means of a node or nodes, a working body or working bodies perceiving the effect of the forces of the converted energy.

Distinctive features of this installation are that the system that serves to convert energy contains a body or bodies, an organ or organs, an auxiliary drive or auxiliary system, whose execution and relative location provides for the limitation of resonant places or places, zones or zones of application, approximation of the direction and the oscillation frequency of the forcing force or forces of the original energy to be converted to the direction of the vector of the maximum linear velocity of the rotating body and the oscillation frequency and fur nical waves formed by, e.g., the specified node (nodes) in this process, that is substantially resonant providing, directly affecting the increase in the proportion of useful output energy in the process.

In one of the variants of this direction, the system entering into the engine for converting the energy of the gaseous working fluid into mechanical energy includes at least one working cylinder with the main working piston located in it, which is connected to the crank-connecting rod mechanism. This engine additionally contains an auxiliary piston located next to the main one and connected to a drive, for example, hydraulic, providing movement of the auxiliary piston behind the main one in the direction of travel of the latter from the position of the top dead center and the angle of rotation of the crank by more than 30 °. The auxiliary drive provides for fixation and release of the auxiliary piston relative to the working cylinder in the positions specified by the mode. The working fluid supply system provides for this approach in the resonant zone (chamber) located between the main and auxiliary pistons, depending on the selected mode, when they are positioned from the top dead center, corresponding to the crank rotation at the specified angle. In the case of supplying the working fluid at the position of the main working piston at the top dead center, the auxiliary drive can move this body to the specified resonance zone.

As a special case, the power plant includes a stepped working cylinder with a stepped piston located in it, connected to a crank mechanism, an air intake system, a fuel and / or water supply system in a liquid or vapor state, and an exhaust system. The fuel and / or water supply system and the air intake system are connected to the upper part of the working cylinder stage with a smaller diameter. This part is connected to the upper part of the tread of a cylinder with a large diameter, for example, by means of a channel provided with a valve. The upper part of the cylinder stage with a large diameter, at least through one exhaust valve is connected to the exhaust system of the exhaust medium.

To increase the efficiency of one type of power plant, organs that approximate the place or places of application, the direction or directions of the forces of action of the converted energy on the working organ or working bodies that perceive this effect, to the place of application and direction or combining with the place of application and direction of the maximum linear velocity vector the specified rotating body, are located around the perimeter of the trajectory of movement or directly on the specified rotating working body.

As an option, in such a power plant, the organs approximating the place or places of application, the direction or directions of the forces of action of the converted energy on the working body or working bodies that perceive this effect, to the place of application and direction of the vector of the maximum linear velocity of the rotating body are made in the form of high cameras or microchambers pressure, the largest excess in existing power plants and engines located along the path of motion of a rotating body, for example, reactive microcameras, percent combustion and / or vaporization sessors, from which the working fluid expires in a direction tangential to the circumference described by these chambers.

The power plant can be made in the form of a steam or steam-gas turbine, which, in addition to the main steps, additionally contains at least one additional resonant stage, the working bodies of which wheels have the ability to perceive the cyclical effect of water jets emanating from the high-pressure vaporization chambers exceeding in existing power plants, for example, more than 200 kg / cm ² . in the direction of the tangent to the circle described by these bodies. Chambers of vaporization are included in the system of preparation and supply of the working fluid to the specified working bodies of this installation. The power plant also contains a steam supply system from the resonant stage to the main stages of the turbine.

In one of the variants, the steam or steam-gas turbine, in addition to the main stages, may contain at least one additional stage with a high-pressure steam jet wheel that exceeds the pressure in existing power plants, for example, more than 200 kg / cm ² , and the supply system exhaust steam from the reactive stage to the main stages of the turbine.

In a power plant for carrying out the method in the third direction, a hydraulic jet wheel is used as a rotating member, which additionally contains one or several jet steps arranged on the wheel. These stages are jet-trap chambers located along the perimeter of the circumference of each stage of the specified wheel from the exit side of the jet jets from each channel of each stage. The trap chambers are designed in such a way that each outgoing jet stream is captured, further compressed by centrifugal forces, and moved into the jet holes or nozzles of the next jet stage for the subsequent formation of the reactive force. Each trap is equipped with a drainage hole located below the outlet of the jet stream. In this case, the resonant increase in the specific yield of useful energy is provided by cameras-traps with jet nozzles.

One of the power plants for implementing the method in the fourth direction includes a source of alternating electric current and its consumer, interconnected by an electrical circuit, which additionally includes an electrical circuit breaker. Through this circuit breaker, the circuit is periodically turned on and opened with a frequency approaching the frequency of the electric current passing through the circuit.

In another variant of this direction, the device for carrying out the method is an electric motor, for example, an alternating current, which further comprises resonant circuits connected to the stator and / or rotor windings and configured to approximate the frequency of oscillations of the electric current in the stator and / or rotor windings of the electric motor the frequency of change of electromagnetic forces forming a positive moment of forces on the rotor.

From the devices under consideration for the implementation of this method, it is clear that all devices contain an organ, organs or system through which resonant provision is carried out, directly affecting the increase in the specific output of useful energy.

The invention is explained in more detail on the example of execution with the help of drawings, on which are presented:

figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a laboratory installation of a thermal reactor with an automatically controlled system for supplying water and water vapor;

figure 2 - diagram of the process of continuous formation of steam;

in figure 3, 4, 5 is a schematic diagram of a steam engine with preliminary supercharging and air compression in three positions of the crank mechanism of this engine;

figure 6 - the duty cycle of a steam engine with a pressure accumulator, preliminary charging and air compression;

figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a steam engine with preliminary charging and air compression;

Fig.8 is a schematic diagram of an air piston engine with an auxiliary piston and a mechanical drive for moving it;

in figures 9, 10, 11 is a schematic diagram of a pulse-resonant steam engine;

in fig. 12, 13 is a schematic diagram of a piston air engine with an auxiliary piston and a hydraulic system for moving it;

in fig. 14 - working cycle of a steam engine with pre-pressurized air and air compression;

in fig. 15 is an indicator diagram of a pulse-resonant steam engine;

in fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a power plant with pulsating flow of the working fluid;

in fig. 17 - power plant with a three-stage jet wheel;

in fig. 18 is a sectional view of a jet propulsion wheel.

Thermal reactor with automatically controlled supply of water and water vapor, shown in figure 1, includes a housing 1, in which the steam accumulation chamber 2 is located, the chamber 2 is connected via a pipeline 3 with a throttle valve 4 to a consumer. In the housing 1, in addition, there is a working cylinder 5 with a displacement of 6, in which, in turn, a piston 7 is located, bounding. on the one hand, the working volume 6, on the other hand, the compression chamber 8, combined with a heat chamber and the combustion chamber. Chamber 8 has a common heat transfer surface with a vaporization chamber 9 located in the lower part of housing 1. Chamber 8 is connected through a shut-off valve 10 through a pipeline 11 to a combustible mixture supply system (not shown in the drawing). The vaporization chamber 9 by the upper part through the channels 12 is connected to the vapor accumulation chamber 2, which is also connected via a pipe 13 to a chamber 14 located in the upper part of the tank 15 with a supply of water 16. The lower part of the tank 15 is connected to the system pipeline 18 via a cut-off valve 17 water supply (not shown), and through a pipeline 19 with a vaporization chamber 9.

Steam engine with pre-pressurized air and compression, shown in Fig.3-5, includes a crank mechanism, which contains crank 20 and rod 21, which is connected to piston 23 located in cylinder 22. Displacement 24 is bounded, on the one hand, by bottom piston 23, on the other hand, the bottom of cylinder 22. At the bottom of cylinder 22 is located a valve 25 of the intake and pressurization system of supplied air (not shown in the drawing), valve 26 of exhaust of a steam-air mixture. The valve 27 is located in the lower part 28 of the auxiliary cylinder 29 with water vapor in its working volume 30. The cylinder 29 serves to mix the steam with the air preliminarily heated during compression through the valve 27. The upper part of the cylinder 29 and, accordingly, the volume 30 are connected by a pipe 31 with a steam boiler 32 acting as a pressure accumulator, which is connected by a pipe 33 to the water supply system (not shown).

The steam engine with pre-pressurized air and compressed air, shown in Fig.7, includes a crank 101 connected to the connecting rod 102, a working cylinder 103 in which the piston 104 is located connected to the connecting rod 102. The piston 104 limits its working volume 105 with its bottom on the other side of the bottom of the cylinder 103. At the bottom of the cylinder 103 there is an air inlet valve 106, a vapor-air outlet valve 107 and a steam supply pipe 108 from its preparation system (not conventionally shown in the drawing).

An air engine with an auxiliary piston and a mechanical drive for moving it, shown in Fig. 8, includes a crank mechanism, a cylinder 103 with a piston 104 located in it and an auxiliary piston 110, which is equipped in this case with a roller 111 arranged to interact with the cam 112 of a mechanical drive (not shown) move the auxiliary piston 110.

The pulse-resonant steam engine presented in Figs. 9, 10, 11 includes a crank mechanism, a cylinder 103 with a piston 104 and an auxiliary piston 110 located in it. The piston 110 together with the bottom of the cylinder 103 limits the oil chamber 113 in this case connected by a pipe 114 through a locking check valve 115 with the oil system. In the cylinder 103 there are holes 116 connected to the working fluid supply system 117 and intended to supply the working fluid from this system to the cavity of the chamber 109 located between the pistons 104 and 110 at the location of their stroke, which is specified by the duty cycle. In the upper part of the cylinder 103 there are windows 118 for the release of the spent working fluid. The location of the windows 118 corresponds to the position of the chamber 109 between the pistons at the position of the piston 104 in the top dead center. The oil system includes an overflow valve 119, an oil pump 120 connected to an oil tank 121 equipped with a drainage port 122. An overflow valve 119 is on one side connected to an oil chamber 113, and on the other hand is connected to an oil tank 121.

An air piston engine with an auxiliary piston and a hydraulic system for moving it, shown in FIG. 12, 13, includes a crank mechanism, a cylinder 103 with a piston 104 and an auxiliary piston 110 located therein. A piston 110 together with the bottom of a cylinder 103 in this case limits the oil chamber 113 connected by pipeline 114 through a locking valve 115 to the oil system. The oil system includes an overflow valve 119, an oil pump 120 connected to an oil tank 121 equipped with a drainage port 122. An overflow valve 119 is on one side connected to an oil chamber 113, and on the other hand is connected to an oil tank 121.

A power plant with a pulsating feed of the working fluid, shown in FIG. 16, includes a crankcase 123, combined with a gearbox 124, connected by an input shaft 125 to a rotating working body 126. In addition, a pulsed-resonant power amplifier is equipped with a body 127, guiding the working fluid, for example, oil, under a pressure of 200 kg / cm ² on a rotating working body 126. The body 127 through the pipeline 128 through the control valve 129 cyclical resonant supply of the working fluid is connected to the oil hydraulic pump 130, which, in turn, through the pipe 131 is connected to the oil tank 132. The oil pump 130 oedinen also with the tank 132 through the conduit 133 via a pressure reducing valve 134. Carter (snail) 123 via a conduit 135 coupled to drain oil to the oil tank 132. The rotary actuator 126 is configured as an impeller. The body 127 is made with a cylindrical channel 136 located at the inlet of the crankcase-cochlea so that the oil jet from the channel 136 is directed tangentially to the working body 126, i.e. perpendicular to the work elements 137 of this working body.

The power plant shown in FIG. 17, 18, includes an electric motor 138, a coupling 139 connecting the engine 138 to a three-stage jet turbine 140. The hydraulic tank 141 is connected to the turbine 140 by a pipeline 142 supplying the working fluid to the cavity 143 of the turbine (see FIG. 18), communicated with the receiving cavity of a three-stage hydraulic jet wheel 144. The wheel 144 contains centrifugal working channels with jet nozzles or nozzles 145. The first-stage trap chambers 146, on the one hand, are connected to the corresponding first-stage jet nozzles 145, on the other hand, s 147 second stage. Trap chambers are provided with drainage holes 148 located below the jet nozzles of the previous stage (145, 147). The second-stage trap chambers 149 are on the one hand connected to the corresponding second-stage jet nozzles 147, and on the other hand to the third-stage jet nozzles 150. The liquid that has leaked from the nozzles 150 is collected by the turbine housing 151. and then through the return pipeline 152 goes back to the tank 141. The power plant is connected to the consumer by means of the shaft 153.

The launch of the combined-cycle thermal reactor (see FIG. 1) is carried out by supplying water vapor (starting portion) from a starting source (not shown) to chamber 2 via line 3 through throttle valve 4 to the working cylinder 5. Starting steam, once in working volume 6, moves in the working cylinder 5 piston 7, which, in turn, compresses the combustible mixture in the compression chamber

8. The combustible mixture is ignited, for example, due to compression, in chamber 8, which also serves as the thermal chamber of the reactor, which, after start-up, enters a predetermined automatically maintained mode of operation. This mode of operation is to maintain a constant pressure in chambers 2 and 8, for example, equal to 100 et / cm ² , which is achieved due to the calculated specified transition into water vapor, water entering chamber 9 through conduit 19 is proportional to the flow of water vapor through channels 12 and throttle valve 4. The water vapor formed in chamber 9, after entering through channels 12 into chamber 2, prevents pressure reduction in this chamber and, accordingly, pressure and temperature drop in chamber 8, which is a necessary condition for continuous heat generation and discontinuous formation of water vapor in the mode indicated in Formula 2-6. As follows from the described mode of operation, the processes of heat transfer and the formation of water vapor are performed at constant pressure and body mass temperature, which is a source of heat, which is one of the distinguishing features of the proposed method and device for its implementation. The working process of the continuous formation of steam is shown in FIG. 2 in the coordinates P, Q (kg / cm ² , m ³ / s) in the form of a straight line AB, indicating continuous formation of water vapor in cubic meters per second with certain constant parameters of pressure and mass temperature heat release agent. Constant parameters of pressure and temperature are achieved due to the accumulating effect of water vapor in the working volume 6 and automatically controlled release of steam from the reactor through the throttle valve 4, which controls the water flow and the operating mode of the reactor.

The operation of the steam engine shown in FIG. 3-5, is carried out on the working cycle shown in Fig.6, as follows. Before compressing the mass of air with a boost pressure P _n , for example, 3 kg / cm ² , valves 25, 26, 27 are closed. The cycle starts from point A, which is characterized by the beginning of movement using the crank 20 and the connecting rod 21 of the piston 23 to the bottom of the cylinder 22 (to the position of the top dead center). When this piston 23 compresses the mass of air in the chamber 24, not reaching the position of the top dead center, for example, to a pressure of 100 kg / cm ² , which corresponds to a temperature of about 700 ° C. In the diagram, this position corresponds to point B. Upon further movement of the piston to the position of the top dead center, valve 27 opens under external influence (for example, from a camshaft cam), and the air heated during compression moves into working volume 30 with water vapor there. In the process of mixing and the accompanying heat exchange, the volume of the gas-vapor mixture increases at a constant pressure set by the operation mode of the boiler 32. In one of the cases, the gas-vapor mixture may partially move into the working volume of the specified boiler. This process corresponds to a segment of the curve from point B to point I in FIG. 6 and is characterized by the accumulation of the energy of expansion of the steam-air mixture in the steam boiler. When the working piston moves from the top dead center position (in the I-point diagram) to the closing point of the valve 27 defined by the engine operating mode (for example, from the camshaft cam), which in Fig. 6 corresponds to the O point, the vapor-gas mixture moves to the working volume cylinder 24 using the accumulating effect of the expansion of the steam-air mixture in the steam boiler 32. The curve between the point And to the point O characterizes the increase in the efficiency of the steam engine by increasing the volume of the vapor-gas cm B formed in the heat exchange process. Upon further movement of the working piston, which corresponds in the diagram to the segment of the curve from point O to point P, the vapor-gas mixture expands, after which the valve 26 opens (for example, from the camshaft cam), and the exhaust vapor-gas mixture is released. The area of the AVIOR figure characterizes the useful work performed by the working piston. Comparing this area with the area of the figure under the steam expansion curve in a steam engine without prior pressurization and air compression, shown in Fig. 6 by the dashed line, we can talk about the level of efficiency of the described steam engine.

The duty cycle of a steam engine with pre-pressurized air and compressed air, shown in Fig.7, is shown in FIG. 14 and as follows. At the beginning of the working cycle, the process of compressing the mass of air in the working chamber 105 of the working cylinder 103 is performed by means of a piston 104 connected to a crank mechanism. Compression is performed to achieve the specified parameters of temperature and pressure, for example, a pressure of 90 kg / cm ² and a temperature corresponding to the state curve. The compression process in the diagram is characterized by the AB curve. When this valve 106, 107 are closed. After that, through the pipe 108 is an adjustable supply of water vapor into the chamber 105. The steam, mixing with the air preheated during compression, heats up and tends to increase substantially in volume. This increases the efficiency of the vapor-air mixture as a whole, thanks to which, during expansion, the useful work shown in FIG. 14 curve of SIV. After expansion, the exhaust valve 107 opens and the exhaust medium (vapor-air mixture) is discharged to the outside, as shown in FIG. 14 cut OA. As can be seen from the description, in the indicated engine, by means of an adjustable steam supply in a steam engine with preliminary supercharging and air compression, the force action of the working fluid (steam-air mixture) and the workflow as a whole is shifted to the most favorable, effective, i.e. resonance zone.

The duty cycle of an air piston engine with an auxiliary piston and a mechanical drive for its movement, shown in FIG. 8, is carried out as follows. In this engine, at the beginning of the operating cycle, the mass of air constantly residing in the working volume 109, for example, with a preliminary compression of 2 kg / cm ² , is compressed in the working cylinder 103 using a piston 104, for example, to a pressure of 90 kg / cm ² , with this piston 110 is in its upper position. After the air mass has been compressed and the top dead center passes through the piston 104, the cam 112 moves the piston through the roller 111

110 following the piston 104. The movement is made until the piston 104 reaches the position corresponding to the crank position, counting from the top dead center, for example, at 30-60 °. After that, the movement of the piston 110 is stopped, and then the air in the working volume 109 expands and performs useful work. When the piston 104 moves from the lower dead center position, the cam 112 allows the piston 110 to return to its original position, thus preparing the energy conversion system for a new operating cycle.

The duty cycle of the pulse-resonant steam engine, presented in figures 9, 10, 11, is carried out as follows. At the beginning of the working cycle (see Fig. 9), the pistons 104 and 110 are in the position of the upper dead center, while the crank 101 and the connecting rod 102 are located along the axis of the working cylinder 103. In the proposed engine, the working body, for example, water vapor, is fed into the cylinder 103 not when the working piston is in the upper dead center, but when it enters the resonance zone, which corresponds to the approach of the crank position relative to the connecting rod at 90 °. In this position, the main working piston has a maximum linear velocity. At the time of starting the engine, under the influence of starting energy, by means of the crank 101 and the connecting rod 102, in the working cylinder 103, the main working piston 104 moves from the top dead center position to the resonant zone defined by the engine operating mode. At the same time, the auxiliary piston 110 by means of a hydraulic actuator, for example, under a pressure of 2-10 et / cm ² , follows or follows the main working piston 104, and when the specified resonant position is reached, it is fixed, for example, by hydraulic means, by means of a locking valve valve 115, relative to cylinder 103. Thereafter, water vapor, or another working fluid in a gaseous state, for example, under a pressure of 100 kg / cm ² , is fed into the chamber 109 between the pistons 104 and 110. At the same time, the working fluid through the main working piston 104 has at zmozhnost maximum transmit power influence crank 101, which is the main cause of significant additional amounts of useful energy. FIG. 15 shows diagrams of the force effect of the working fluid transmitted to the crank in a traditional steam engine and in a pulse-resonant engine. The increase in the area under the transmission curve of the force action of the working fluid to the crank indicates the level of increase in the efficiency of the engine. After expansion of the working fluid between the pistons 104 and 110 (see Fig. 11), the piston 110 is uncoupled relative to the cylinder 103 and moves therein simultaneously with the main working piston to its initial position in the upper dead center, while the oil working chamber 113 is connected by means of a bypass valve 119 with an oil tank 121. A spent working fluid located between the pistons 104 and 110 is discharged through the windows 118 (see FIG. 9), after which the said pistons approach each other and are prepared, thus, to a subsequent pulse-reset ansnomu conversion cycle working fluid energy into mechanical energy of the crank.

The duty cycle of a piston air engine with an auxiliary piston and a hydraulic system for moving it, shown in FIGS. 12, 13, is carried out as follows. According to this variant, the working fluid, for example, air, constantly resides between the pistons 104 and 110. At the time of starting the specified engine under the influence of starting energy through the crank 101 and the connecting rod 102, in the working cylinder 103 there is air, for example, under a pressure of 2 kg / cm ² between the pistons 104 and 110, is compressed by the main working piston 104, while the piston 110 is in its upper position. After the air in the working cylinder 103 is compressed by the piston 104, for example, up to a pressure of 80 kg / cm ² , the working body is hydraulically driven by the auxiliary piston 110 under a pressure of 80 kg / cm ^{2 and is} moved into the resonant zone, for example, corresponding to a crank rotation of more than 20 ° from the position of the top dead center, in which the auxiliary piston 110 is fixed relative to the cylinder 103 in a hydraulic way by means of a check valve 115 connected to the hydraulic system. Following this, the working medium expands in a more efficient or resonant zone, in which the formation of an additional amount of mechanical energy is achieved. After expanding the working fluid between the pistons 104 and 110, the piston 110 is hydraulically released relative to the cylinder 103 by means of a valve 119, and the oil chamber 113 is connected through this valve to the oil tank 121, which allows the piston 110 to return to its original position under the influence of the working fluid thus, the system of energy conversion to the repetition of a reversible-closed working cycle.

A power plant with a pulsating feed of the working fluid, shown in FIG. 16, works as follows. Oil, for example, under pressure of 200 kg / cm ² from pump 130 through control valve 129, via pipeline 128, is sent to body 127, from which it is fed to working elements 137 of impeller 126. After reaching impeller 126, the calculated speed, for example, 34 thousand. per minute, energy27 installation goes to the calculated operating mode. Crane 129 provides a cyclic supply of the working fluid to the elements 137 of the impeller 126 with the necessary in this case, namely, the resonant frequency.

The power plant shown in FIG. 17, 18, works as follows. The motor 138 through the clutch 139 spins and displays a three-stage jet turbine 140 to a predetermined mode of operation. After the turbine 140 is brought to the operating mode, the working fluid from the tank 141 via the pipeline 142 is sucked (supplied) into the cavity 143 of the turbine, communicated with the receiving cavity of the jet wheel 144. working canvases of this wheel, the working fluid is compressed due to centrifugal forces and expires through jet nozzles (nozzles) 145, in which reactive force is created at the first stage of the wheel. After exiting the nozzles (nozzles) 145, the working fluid due to centrifugal forces is compressed in the chamber traps 146 and moves to the reactive nozzles (nozzles) 147 of the second stage of the jet turbine, after which it expires, creating a reactive force on the second stage of the wheel. At the third stage, the workflow is repeated.

The proposed invention can be the basis for the improvement of existing power plants, engines and propulsion, and for the newly created. The introduction of these devices will restore the ecological balance in the environment, significantly reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources and in the future switch to unconventional energy sources, which, in turn, will be the basis for solving environmental, energy and socio-economic problems.

Information sources.

V.Mahaldiani and others. Internal combustion engines with automatic control of compression ratio, Tbilisi, Metsniereba publishing house, 1973, p. 5, 6, 50, 51, 67, 68.

M.Prokhorov and others. Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary, M., Scientific publishing house Physical Russian Encyclopedia, 1995, p. 252-254, 270-271, 544-545, 629631.

A. Vedensky and others. Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary, M., STI Soviet Encyclopedia, 1962, p. 309-310.

M.Prokhorov and others. Physical Encyclopedia, M., STI Soviet Encyclopedia, 1990, p. 263-264.

A.Yazkin and others. Journal of Energy Construction, M., Energoatomizdat, 1990, No. 2, p. 67-68.

US Patent No. 3991574. Publication 1976. November 16, Vol. 952, No. 3.

Claims (18)

1. A method of converting energy in a power plant or engine, including the conversion of one source of energy into another useful form, carried out using the coercive influence of the forces or forces of the original, converted energy on at least one oscillation source included in the energy conversion system or connected with it, characterized in that the process of converting one source of energy into another useful form is carried out in a resonant mode, designed to improve the use of the complex of physical factors accompanying this process and directly affecting the increase in the specific yield of useful energy in it, and in the most advanced systems and for the reproduction of the initial, convertible energy, which is achieved by the fact that the coercive effect of the force or forces of the original type of energy on the oscillation source perceiving and directly transforming this effect into another useful form of energy, they have in (resonant) place or places, zone or zones and the direction in which the oscillation frequency of the specified impact approaches the frequency of the natural vibrations generated by the specified source, and the indicated place or places, zone or zones and direction are determined by the potential for realizing the specified approximation in the system, and for the implementation of the specified reproduction to the source of the converted energy or in the direction of influence of this energies have a force effect from the specified source of oscillations. 2. The method according to π. 1, characterized in that when converting heat into energy of the working fluid or its carrier, the specified resonance mode is achieved by the fact that a heat source located in a thermal (working) chamber and being a source of vibration of atoms and molecules, simultaneously with the removal of heat to the working fluid or the energy carrier exerts a controlled compressive effect of a continuous or cyclic, volumetric or local nature, which ensures the deceleration or elimination of a decrease in the atomic vibrational frequencies physically interconnected c and molecules, pressure and temperature of the heat source, while also choosing to ensure the indicated deceleration or elimination of the ratio of the mass and state parameters of the body absorbing heat, with the mass and state parameters of the source of this heat, and the resonant place or zone is determined by the potential existing in thermodynamic a system of the possibility of implementing these slowdowns or exceptions. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when converting as the specified heat source use a mass of a substance or substances in solid, liquid, gaseous or mixed states, for example, a mass of heated air and / or a mass of combustion products, and as a working fluid - a mass of water or water vapor, while the transfer of heat from its source to the working fluid or energy carrier is carried out either through the heat transfer surface, or by direct contact of their masses. 4. The method according to PP.2 and 3, characterized in that during the conversion as a source of controlled compressive action on the heat source located in the working chamber, use the mass of a substance or substances that absorb this heat, while choosing the ratio of these masses and their state parameters providing the specified resonant mode. 5. The method according to claims 2-4, characterized in that during the conversion the compression action is controlled by a pressure accumulator and a material object, for example, a piston located in the working cylinder of this accumulator, in one case water vapor is used as a working medium in the accumulator, and control of the specified effect is carried out by changing the pressure of the working environment that has this effect. 6. The method according to claims 2-5, characterized in that before transferring heat from the mass of its source to the mass of the substance or substances absorbing this heat, the thermal potential of the specified heat source is increased, for which the latter is pre-compressed, for example, in a heat chamber with the initial parameters of the temperature and pressure of the source, at which a significant or maximum possible increase in the output of the quantum energy of heat occurs. 7. The method according to π. 1, characterized in that when converting the original type of energy into mechanical energy, the specified resonance mode is achieved by the fact that forces or forces exert a coercive effect on a mechanical oscillation source containing at least one rotating body and a working body or element connected to it, working bodies or elements that perceive the influence of the force or forces of the initial energy and convert it into mechanical in a resonant place or places, zone or zones with the approximation of the direction of the specified action the direction of the maximum linear velocity of the mechanical source of oscillations, in this case, if necessary, the influence of the forces or forces of the converted energy leads to an increase in the shoulder of its application, and the resonant place or places, zone or zones are determined by the potential for realizing this approximation in the mechanical system . 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that when converting energy to a mechanical oscillation source, including a main working piston connected to a crank mechanism and located in the working cylinder, they force the force or forces by a gaseous working fluid in the resonance zone, with one side limited by the main piston, on the other hand, by an auxiliary piston located after the main and connected to the auxiliary drive, providing movement of the working fluid and offset amplitude s its impact on the mechanical source of oscillations in place from the top dead center, corresponding to a crank rotation of more than 15 degrees, and to obtain the greatest efficiency of this impact and the conversion process as a whole, the supply of the working fluid and its subsequent expansion is carried out when the pistons are located relative to the working cylinder, corresponding to the location of the connecting rod with respect to the crank at an angle of 90 degrees or close to it. 9. The method according to claims 1, 7, 8, characterized in that in the case of exposure to the specified source of source energy from the specified source of oscillation, the conversion of one type of energy into another in a closed isolated system is carried out with the specified physical feedback on a reversible closed working a cycle, for which the generated form of energy with the help of the force or forces from the side of the oscillation source is converted to the original form of energy, and the forcing effect of the forces or forces of the original type of energy in the specified resonance mode having again in a useful form and then repeating the processes of energy conversion in the specified way, with one part of the generated energy is directed to the repetition of processes, and the second - to complete useful work. 10. The method according to PP.7-9, characterized in that when the energy is converted by a reversible closed resonant duty cycle, the influence of forces or forces on the source of initial energy is carried out by the crank mechanism through the working piston during compression of the gaseous working fluid in the working cylinder and in the process of moving it into the working volume of the pressure accumulator, which subsequently provides and expands this working fluid in the specified resonance zone in the specified resonance mode. 11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that when converting energy, the approximation of these directions is achieved using high-pressure chambers that are larger than the pressure in existing power plants and engines, for example reactive microchambers of combustion and / or vaporization processes, or shock chambers cyclic actions located along the trajectory of the rotating body or directly on it with the provision of the specified approximation. 12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that when converting the energy of the working fluid in the liquid state into mechanical energy through a reversible closed duty cycle carried out in a jet wheel, additionally equipped with reactive chamber traps arranged, for example, along the circles after the reaction holes or nozzles of the previous stage, in turn equipped with their own reaction holes or nozzles, from which the working fluid flows out after centrifugal compression, and drainage holes, we have below the level of the reaction openings and nozzles of the previous stage, the specified resonance mode is achieved by the fact that each chamber-trap during rotation of the wheel, on the one hand, affects the working fluid in the process of centrifugal compression, and on the other hand, through the use of additional reactive forces, affect the impeller, ensuring that the oscillation frequency and the direction of action of each trap on the working fluid are close to the oscillation frequency and the direction of the reactive force Above the body to this trap. 13. The method according to PP.1, 7, 9, characterized in that when converting electrical energy into the desired useful form, the specified resonant mode is achieved by the fact that the resonant effect is exerted on the electric circuit included in the energy conversion system or connected to it, which is a source of electromagnetic oscillations, for example, to an alternating current electric circuit, by means of the said circuit being cyclically opened under load with a frequency approaching the frequency of oscillations of the electric current (electron gnitnyh oscillations) in this chain. 14. The method according to claims 1, 7, 9, characterized in that when converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, for example, in an alternating current electric motor, the specified resonant mode is achieved using resonant circuits, providing an approximation of the frequency of oscillations of the electric current in the stator winding circuit and / or rotor to the frequency of oscillation of electromagnetic forces acting on the specified rotor, for which these circuits are connected to the specified windings. 15. Power plant (engine) for implementing the method according to π. 1, comprising (s) a system for converting one type of energy into another, entering into or connected with it, at least one source of oscillation, perceiving the forcing physical effect of one initial type of energy and transforming it into another useful form, mass supply system substances or substances for the formation of a working fluid or energy carrier and / or a system for supplying initial energy to a place or places, a zone or zones of its conversion, characterized in that it contains a working body or working bodies, an input oscillations in the source, and structural elements, an organ or organs included in the energy conversion system, the design and relative location of which ensures the limitation of the determined (selected) resonant places or places, zones or zones and the resonant effect on the specified source, the source energy supply system is made with ensuring its supply to the resonant place or places, zone or zones, and, if necessary, the energy conversion system additionally contains a drive that provides with the help of these structural elements, organ or organs specified restriction and exposure, which, as a rule, connect with one of these organs or elements. 16. Power installation (engine) according to and. 15, characterized in that the system for converting one type of energy in the form of heat into another type of energy in the form of energy of the working fluid or its carrier, including a heat chamber or a combustion chamber, a vaporization chamber, further comprises a drive with an actuator, providing controlled the compressive effect of the heat source in the resonant mode, and the system of supplying the mass of the substance (water) to the vaporization chamber provides for this supply, taking into account the provision of selectable, in accordance with the specified resonance The second regime of mass ratios and state parameters of the heat source and water vapor. 17. Power installation (engine) according to and. 15, characterized in that the system for converting the initial energy in the form of energy of a gaseous working fluid into mechanical energy, including at least one working cylinder with a main working piston located therein, connected to a crank mechanism, further comprises auxiliary piston located after the main one and connected to the drive, for example hydraulic, providing the auxiliary piston to move behind the main one in the direction of the latter from the top dead position glasses and turning the crank more than 30 degrees, the auxiliary drive provides for fixing and unlocking the auxiliary piston relative to the working cylinder in the positions specified by the mode, the supply system of the working fluid provides this supply in the resonance zone (chamber) located between the main and auxiliary pistons, depending from the selected mode, with their position from the top dead center corresponding to the rotation of the crank by the specified angle, in the case of the supply of the working fluid at the position of the main vnogo working piston at top dead center, the auxiliary drive has the ability to move the body in said resonance zone. 18. The power plant (engine) according to clause 15, characterized in that the system for converting the initial energy in the form of energy of the working fluid in the liquid state into mechanical energy, including (a) reactive impeller containing cavities for centrifugal compression of the working fluid and the reaction openings or nozzles for its outflow, further comprises reaction chamber traps arranged, for example, along the circles following the reaction openings or nozzles of the previous stage, having their own reaction openings or nozzles and drainage holes located below the level of the jet holes or nozzles of the previous and subsequent stages, the jet chamber traps are designed to capture, centrifugal compression and the expiration of the working fluid from their jet holes and nozzles.