DK200000228U3 - Food and feed - Google Patents

Description

i iDK 2000 00228 U3

The present invention relates to a foodstuff as defined in the preamble of claim 1 and a feed as defined in the preamble of claim 5 for the preparation of the foodstuff.

Chicken eggs contain plenty of cholesterol. Cholesterol is an essential ingredient in chicken eggs. The use of cholesterol as a nutrient increases the concentration of cholesterol in the blood, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. A high cholesterol content may act as a barrier to the use of chicken eggs.

It is known to use polyunsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3, e.g. ce-linolenic acid, EPA (C 20: 5 ω3) and DHA (C 22: 6 ω3), reduces the concentration of cholesterol in blood and thereby the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is further known that e.g. linseed oil, rape oil and fish oil contain plenty of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The purpose of the production is to provide a new type of chicken egg which has a reduced cholesterol content. A further object of the invention is to provide a feed material for use in chicken feeds having a favorable cholesterol content.

The characteristic of the food and feed according to the production are the features defined in the claims.

The chicken egg according to the preparation used as a nutrient contains at least 10% by weight less cholesterol than normal levels. The reduced cholesterol content is obtained by feeding the chickens with a feed containing carbohydrate, egg white, vitamins, minerals and at least one plant cholesterol and unsaturated oil, such as rye oil, linseed oil and / or fish oil to reduce the cholesterol content in chicken eggs. The cholesterol content of chicken eggs is usually about 11-15 mg / g of egg yolk, on average approx. 12-13 mg / g yolk (see H. Westermann, 1991, Arch. Geflugelk. 55: 49-60, SL Chung et al., 1991, Can. J. Animal Science 71: 205-209, and MA Grashom 1994, Arch. (Winged 58: 224-230). The cholesterol content of chicken eggs has been reduced over the past decades.

2 2DK 2000 00228 U3 Chickens egg cholesterol content, among other things besides diet, is affected by the age of the chicken and the size of the egg.

With plant cholesterol, ie phytosterol, is meant a solid, organic, plant-based, alicyclic alcohol, consisting of four carbon rings and found in nature, such as sitosterol, 5 campesterol, soybean, etc.

In one embodiment of the production, the chicken egg includes at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight, less cholesterol than normal levels.

In one embodiment of the production, the chicken egg includes polyunsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA, etc.

The feed material of the invention contains in itself known components such as carbohydrates, albumin, vitamins and minerals and at least one plant cholesterol and unsaturated oil such as rye oil, linseed oil and / or fish oil for reducing chicken egg cholesterol content. The unsaturated oil preferably contains polyunsaturated fatty acids. For example, a predetermined vitamin mixture is used as a premix for the feed. Of course, the feed may also contain other feed components.

In one embodiment of the production, the amount of plant cholesterol is 0.2-5% by weight of the feed amount, preferably 1-4% by weight. In one embodiment of the preparation, the plant cholesterol contains β-sitosterol and / or campesterol. In one embodiment of the preparation, the plant cholesterol contains 80-100 wt%, preferably 85-95 wt% β-sitosterol 20 and / or 0-20 wt%, preferably 5-15 wt% campesterol. In addition, the plant cholesterol mixture used may also contain other components such as artenol, etc.

The plant cholesterol used is preferably fine grained. The plant sterol may be ground either alone or in conjunction with another feed component, e.g. cereals or the like, for a 3 3DK 2000 00228 U3 fine-grained premix, e.g. according to a method as described in FI Patent Application No. 972532.

In one embodiment of the preparation, the feed contains unsaturated oil such as rye oil, linseed oil and / or fish oil in an amount of 1-10% by weight, preferably 2-7% by weight. Of course, the feed may also contain other unsaturated oils.

In one embodiment of the preparation, the feed contains an oil blend containing rape oil and linseed oil in an amount of 10-70 wt% of each, preferably 20-60 wt%, more preferably 30-50 wt%, and 0.5-35 wt% fish oil, preferably 10-30% by weight.

Thanks to the production, the use of an egg which has a cholesterol content lower than normal levels will reduce the cholesterol concentration of blood and therefore the risk of cardiovascular disease.

A further advantage of the production is a lower consumption of feed in egg production.

The following section describes the production by means of a detailed example of one embodiment thereof.

Example The present chicken feeding test was performed to determine the effect of plant sterol on the reduction of the cholesterol content in chicken eggs when using different feed mixtures.

There were 6 feeding groups at the sample and each of them included 6 cages with 16 chickens in each. Groups 1 and 2 were fed a so-called control feed mixture containing 1% 4 4DK 2000 00228 U3 soybean oil, groups 3 and 4 were fed with a feed mixture containing 10% compressed flaxseed and groups 5 and 6 were fed with a feed mixture containing 5% oil mixture; which oil mixture contained 40% rye oil, 40% linseed oil and 20% fish oil. To the feed mixture for groups 2, 4 and 6 was added 2% plant cholesterol which contained approx. 89% β-sitosterol (-Ι-β-sitostanol), 9% campesterol (+ campestanol) and 0.7% artenol. The solids content of the plant cholesterol was 98.3%, the melting point 139-140 ° C and the density 0.43 kg / dm3. The energy content of the various feed mixtures was not balanced. The compositions of the feed mixtures for use as feed for the feed groups are shown in Table 1.

Table 1; compound feed compositions (%)

Group 1 2 3 4 5 6%%%%%% Soybean 18.0 18.0 11.0 11.0 19.0 19.0 Compressed flax seeds - - 10.0 10.0 - - Barley 45.0 45, 0 42.0 42.0 42.0 42.0 Oats 25.0 23.0 25.0 23.0 23.0 21.0 Plant cholesterol - 2.0 - 2.0 - 2.0 Soybean oil 1.0 1 , 0 - - - - Oil mixture - - - - 5.0 5.0 Feed calcium 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 Dicalcium phosphate 1.5 1.5, 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Table salt 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Vitamin mixture (SR) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Chicken tracer mixture 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Methionine 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Lysine - 0.08 0.08 - 5DK 2000 00228 U3

The fatty acid composition and peroxide value were determined for the oils, oil blends and feed mixtures used. The peroxide value was determined approx. 3 weeks after the preparation of the mixtures. In addition, the feed mixtures were analyzed for dry matter content, crude albumin and crude fat. The analysis results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

Table 2; fatty acid composition (%) and peroxide value for the oils and oil mixtures used.

Oil Soybean Oil Rib Oil Fish Oil Linseed Oil Mix. C 14 (myristic acid) 0.21 0.05 7.30 0.12 1.39 C 16 (palmitic acid) 9.74 3.38 13.9 4.59 5.59 C 18 (stearic acid) 3.79 1, 57 2.13 2.60 1.98 C 18: 1 (oleic acid) 20.3 57.5 0.93 13.3 30.4 C 18: 2 (linoleic acid) 54.3 21.5 2.87 15, 0 15.5 C 18: 3 ω3 (oc-linenoic acid) 9.0 10.9 1.55 62.4 31.7 C 20: 1 0.21 1.05 10.0 0.47 2.44 C 20: 2 ω6 0.34 0.13 - 0.09 0.14 C 20: 3 o) 3 - 0.03 0.14 0.04 0.13 C 20: 3 0) 6 - 3.62 0.03 0.10 C 20: 5 0) 3 (EPA) - 7.13 - 1.32 C 22: 5 0) 3 (DPA) - - 0.76 0.16 0.16 C 22: 6 o> 3 (DHA) - - 7.44 1.36 1.36 Peroxide value, meq / kg of fat 1.4 3.6 3.4 3.2 6 6DK 2000 00228 U3

Table 3; fatty acid composition for compound feed (%), peroxide value and amount of dry matter, crude albumin and crude fat (%).

Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 Oil Soybean Oil Compressed Flaxseed Oil Mixture Plant cholesterol - + - + - + C 14 (myristic acid) 0.36 - - 0.91 1.56 1.35 C 16 (palmitic acid) 14.3 17, 1 13.0 14.0 10.3 10.1 C 18 (stearic acid) 2.62 4.05 2.07 2.71 3.12 2.83 C 18: 1 (oleic acid) 22.4 23.6 19 7 20.5 28.4 28.9 C 18: 2 (linoleic acid) 49.7 48.3 36.5 35.7 25.1 25.6 C 18: 3 o> 3 (α-Iino-linoleic acid) 6.36 6.92 27.4 25.2 22.0 21.1 C 20: 1 0.54 - 0.50 - 1.71 1.85 C 20: 2 a> 6 - - - - 0.45 0.45 C 20: 5 ω3 (EPA) 0.20 - - - 1.08 1.01 C 22: 5 o) (DPA) 0.26 - - - 0.24 - C 22: 6 0 (3) DHA) 0.30 - - - 1.03 1.18 Peroxide value meq / kg of fat 1.6 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.7 Solids 90.5 90.7 90.4 90.6 91.1 91.1 Crude albumin 16.1 15.6 15.7 15.1 16.0 15.8 Crude fat 3.7 5.5 3.9 5.6 8.1 9.8

The production and feed consumption for each feeding group during the feed test were measured as a whole. The measurement results and calculated feed efficiency are shown in Table 4.

7 7GB 2000 00228 U3

Table 4; chicken production, feed consumption and feed efficiency.

Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 Feed mix Control Compressed flax seeds Oil mixture Plant cholesterol - + - + - + Yield, g / day 55 55 53 52 53 55 Feed consumption / g / day 124 121 114 112 88 96 Feed efficiency 2.24 2.20 2, 16 2.16 1.66 1.75

The results in Table 4 show that in the feed groups 5 and 6, where the chickens were fed 10 a feed mixture containing oil mixture, the feed consumption was clearly less compared to the other groups. Feed loss decreased as fat content increased (see Table 3). In the yields no significant differences were observed between the feed groups. Therefore, feed efficiency for groups 5 and 6 was better compared to the other groups.

15 Egg samples were examined before the test feeding and at the end of the feeding (after 4 weeks feeding). The egg samples were combined in each feeding group for the portion of two cages, in which case there were three pieces of parallel samples per feeding group. Egg yolks from the egg samples were analyzed for fatty acid composition and cholesterol content. The measurement results for the feeding groups and sample factors (fat and 20 plant cholesterol added) are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

8 8DK 2000 00228 U3

Table 5: Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of egg yolk in each feeding group before the sample feeding (E) and after its completion (L).

Group Sterol 1 2 + 3 4 + 5 6 + ELELELELELELELC 14 0.71 0.48 0.56 0.50 0.66 0.32 0.76 0.53 0.54 0.47 0.52 0.60 C 16 26.1 25.1 25.3 25.3 24.8 24.6 25.2 24.4 26.4 23.5 25.7 23.2 C 16: 1 2.76 2.13 2.72 2.10 2.40 2.59 2.32 2.45 2.56 1.82 2.62 1.77 C 17 1.04 0.83 0.87 0.81 1.06 0.83 1.25 0.87 0.97 0.89 0.95 0.92 C 17: 1 0.39 0.16 0.29 0.15 0.30 0.15 0.37 0.17 0.26 0.17 0 , 31 0.17 C 18 9.06 10.2 9.07 9.94 8.72 8.89 8.69 9.46 9.23 9.37 9.12 9.52 C 18: 1 40.2 39.3 38.2 37.6 39.4 37.9 40.5 38.4 40.7 38.5 40.8 38.9 C 18: 2 12.3 14.9 13.2 16.4 13 0 14.8 12.5 14.4 11.5 14.8 12.4 14.5 C 18: 3 g> 3 0.60 0.80 0.93 1.25 1.01 4.21 0, 96 3.52 0.54 4.26 0.73 4.34 C 20: 1 0.33 0.26 0.29 0.24 0.28 0.23 0.36 0.22 0.46 0.32 0.29 0.29 C 20: 3 ω6 0.26 0.17 0.27 0.18 0.22 0.19 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.16 C 20: 4 1.84 1.93 1.30 1.81 1.20 1.16 1.51 1.26 1.08 1.02 1.69 1.01 C 22: 4 ω6 0.27 0.20 0, 14 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.16 0.06 C 20: 5 ω3 0.22 0.19 0.34 0.23 0.29 0.23 0, 24 0.26 0.26 0. , 26 0.19 0.28 C 22: 6 ω3 1.45 1.09 1.98 1.35 1.98 1.71 2.07 1.58 2.59 2.16 1.46 2.06 Cholesterol in egg yolk mg / g 6.94 6.53 7.65 6.84 8.21 7.56 7.84 7.21 8.26 7.36 10.0 6.92 Change % -2.2 -10.4 -7.7 -7.9 -13.1 -30.8 9 9DK 2000 00228 U3

Table 6: The fatty acid composition of egg yolk based on sample factors before sample feeding (E) and at its end (L)

Fat addition Plant cholesterol Sample factor Soybean oil Compressed flaxseed Oil mixture + ELELELELELC 14 0.63 0.49 0.71 0.43 0.53 0.54 0.64 0.42 0.61 0.54 C 16 25.7 25, 2 25.0 24.5 26.0 23.3 25.8 24.4 25.4 24.3 C 16: 1 2.74 2.11 2.36 2.52 2.58 1.79 2.57 2.18 2.55 2.11 C 17 0.96 0.82 1.16 0.85 0.96 0.91 1.02 0.85 1.02 0.87 C 17: 1 0.34 0, 16 0.34 0.16 0.28 0.17 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.16 C 18 9.07 10.1 8.70 9.2 9.17 9.40 9.00 9, 49 8.96 9.64 C 18: 1 39.2 38.5 39.9 38.1 40.7 38.7 40.1 38.6 39.8 38.3 C 18: 2 12.7 15, 7 12.7 14.6 12.0 14.6 12.3 14.8 12.7 15.1 C 18: 3 0) 3 0.77 1.03 0.99 3.87 0.64 4.30 0.72 3.09 0.87 3.04 C 20: 1 0.31 0.25 0.32 0.23 0.38 0.31 0.36 0.27 0.31 0.25 C 20: 3 ω6 0.27 0.18 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.22 0.17 0.22 0.18 C 20: 4 1.57 1.87 1.35 1.21 1.38 1.02 1.37 1.37 1.50 1.36 C 22: 4 0) 6 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.04 0.13 0.07 0.20 0.14 0.17 0 12 C 20: 5 0) 3 0.28 0.21 0.27 0.24 0.23 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.26 0.26 C 22: 6 0) 3 1.72 1 , 22 2.03 1.65 2.03 2.11 2.01 1.65 1.84 1.66 10 DK 2000 00228 U3

The results in Table 5 show that the cholesterol levels in eggs prior to the feeding of sample feed were lower than those presented in the literature. The cholesterol content of eggs decreased for each feeding junk during the 4-week trial. Cholesterol levels decreased most in eggs from chickens from feeding grains 5 and 6. The largest change in cholesterol content was observed in chickens eating a feed mixture containing oil mixture and plant sterol.

It is evident from the results in Table 6 that adding plant cholesterol to the feed did not cause significant changes in the fatty acid composition of the eggs. The use of the compressed flax seeds and of the oil mixture in the feed increased the amount of α-linolenic acid (C 18: 3 ω3) in the eggs. Changes for the fatty acids EPA (C 20: 5 ω3) and DHA (C 22: 6 ω3) were not significant.

On the basis of the experiment carried out, the method and feed according to the preparation can be used to reduce the cholesterol content of chicken eggs by means of plant cholesterol. In particular, the method of feeding the chickens with a feed containing 15 plant cholesterol and oil mixture can advantageously have an effect on both the cholesterol content and the feed consumption.

The embodiments of the invention are not limited to the examples described above, since they may instead be varied within the scope of the appended claims.

11 11DK 2000 00228 U3 USE MODEL REQUIREMENTS.

1. Foods, such as chicken eggs, which are new in that they contain at least 10% by weight less cholesterol compared to normal cholesterol levels and that the chickens to obtain the reduced cholesterol content are fed a feed containing carbohydrates, albumin, vitamins, minerals and at least one plant cholesterol and unsaturated oil, such as rye oil, linseed oil and / or fish oil, for reducing chicken egg cholesterol content.

The nutrient of claim 1, which is new in that it contains at least 20% by weight less cholesterol compared to normal cholesterol levels.

Nutrient according to claim 1 or 2, which is new in that it contains at least 30% by weight less cholesterol compared to normal cholesterol levels.

Nutrient according to any one of claims 1-3, which is new in that it contains polyunsaturated fatty acids.

5. Nutrient for the preparation of nutrients such as chicken eggs, which feed contains carbohydrates, albumin, vitamins and minerals, which is new in that the feed contains at least one plant cholesterol and unsaturated oil, such as rye oil, linseed oil and / or fish oil, for the reduction of chicken eggs cholesterol content.

Feeding substance according to claim 5, which is new in that the amount of plant cholesterol is 0.2-5% by weight of the feed amount, preferably 1-4% of the feed amount.

Feeding substance according to claim 5 or 6, which is new in that the plant cholesterol contains β-sitosterol and / or campesterol.

Feed material according to claims 5-7, which is new in that the plant cholesterol contains 80-100 wt.% Β-sitosterol, preferably 85-95 wt.% And / or 0-20 wt.% Campesterol, preferably 5- 15% by weight.

Feeding material according to any one of claims 5-8, which is new in that the feed material 5 contains 1-10% by weight of oil, preferably 3-7% by weight.

Feeding material according to any one of claims 5-9, which is new in that the feed material contains an oil mixture containing 10-70 wt.% Rape oil, preferably 20-60 wt.%, More preferably 30-50 wt.%, And 10-70% by weight linseed oil, preferably 20-60% by weight, more preferably 30-50% by weight, and / or 0.5-35% by weight fish oil, preferably 10-30% by weight.