DK173706B1 - Canvas - Google Patents
Canvas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK173706B1 DK173706B1 DK198903736A DK373689A DK173706B1 DK 173706 B1 DK173706 B1 DK 173706B1 DK 198903736 A DK198903736 A DK 198903736A DK 373689 A DK373689 A DK 373689A DK 173706 B1 DK173706 B1 DK 173706B1
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- yarns
- warp
- woven
- stabilizing
- weft
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/44—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific cross-section or surface shape
- D03D15/46—Flat yarns, e.g. tapes or films
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/573—Tensile strength
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/587—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads adhesive; fusible
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H9/067—Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2507/00—Sport; Military
- D10B2507/04—Sails
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Description
i DK 173706 B1in DK 173706 B1
Opfindelsen angår en sejldug af vævet vare med kæde- og skudgarner af syntetisk materiale som angivet i den indledende del af krav 1.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a sail cloth of woven product with warp and weft yarns of synthetic material as set forth in the preamble of claim 1.
5 Ved fremstillingen af en sejldug skal den færdige vævede vare til opnåelse af den nødvendige form og kantsømstyrke (ty.: Trimmfestigkeit) være belagt med et harpiks materiale og underkastet en kompliceret finishbehandling med varmepåvirkning. Da den vævede vare er meget tæt lo vævet, og harpiksmaterialet derfor ikke kan trænge ind i vævet, blandes harpiksmaterialet med et opløsningsmiddel for at opnå en god klæbeforbindelse med den vævede vares syntetiske garner. Desuden skal der anvendes en vis mængde harpiksmateriale til belægningen til opnåelse af 15 den nødvendige kantsømstyrke.5 In the manufacture of a sail cloth, the finished woven product to obtain the required shape and edge stitch strength (eg: Trimmfestigkeit) must be coated with a resin material and subjected to a complicated finish treatment with heat effect. Since the woven product is very tightly woven and the resin material therefore cannot penetrate the web, the resin material is mixed with a solvent to obtain a good adhesive connection with the synthetic yarns of the woven product. In addition, a certain amount of resin material must be used for the coating to obtain the required edge seam strength.
Fra tysk offentliggørelsesskrift 29 31 721 kendes et skærefast, åbent glasfibervæv, som er fremstillet på den måde, at man imellem glasfibrene med mellemrum indvæver 20 smeltbare tråde, og underkaster vævet en varmebehandling.German publication specification 29 31 721 discloses a shear-resistant, open-glass fiber fabric, which is made by interweaving between the glass fibers with 20 fusible threads and subjecting the tissue to a heat treatment.
Ved varmebehandlingen danner de smeltbare tråde dråber, som størkner og etablerer punktvise forankringer imellem krydsende glasfibertråde, af kæde- og skudgarner i et meget åbent væv, der er væsentligt forskelligt fra 25 tætvævet væv til sejldug.In the heat treatment, the fusible threads, which solidify and establish punctual anchors between intersecting fiberglass threads, form warp and weft yarns in a very open web, which is substantially different from 25 woven fabrics to sail cloth.
Fra fransk offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 2 420 583 kendes en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et stift væv af tråde af et syntetisk materiale, hvorved et blødt vævet 30 væv af fibertråde, garner, fibre eller sammensatte garner af flere tråde bestående af et syntetisk, ved varme smelteligt og sammentrækkende materiale opvarmes til smeltepunktet for det syntetiske materiale, som trådene DK 17 571)6 B1 2 består af, således, at tråde, garner og fibre smeltes sammen, og hvorved hver sammentrukken tråd efter afkøling er blevet stiv og tilnærmelsesvis cylindrisk som et syntetisk garn af en enkelt tråd. Det stive væv 5 omfattende sammensmeltede og sammentrukne stive enkelttråde er forskelligt fra væv til sejldug og anvendes som filterdug.French Patent Specification No. 2,420,583 discloses a method of making a rigid web of threads of a synthetic material, wherein a soft woven 30 web of filaments, yarns, fibers or composite yarns of a plurality of synthetic, heat-meltable and contracting material is heated to the melting point of the synthetic material, which the yarns DK 17 571) 6 B1 2 consists of, so that the yarns, yarns and fibers are fused together, whereupon each compressed yarn after cooling has become rigid and approximately cylindrical as a synthetic one. yarn of a single thread. The rigid web 5 comprising fused and contracted rigid single threads is different from fabric to sail cloth and is used as a filter cloth.
Formålet med opfindelsen er at udforme en sejldug af den lo indledningsvis nævnte art på en sådan måde, at finishbehandlingen forenkles, og der alligevel opnås en stabil sejldug, der imødekommer kravene.The object of the invention is to design a sail cloth of the type initially mentioned in such a way that the finish treatment is simplified, and yet a stable sail cloth satisfying the requirements is obtained.
Denne opgave løses ifølge opfindelsen ved hjælp af de i 15 krav l's kendetegnende del angivne ejendommeligheder. Ved hjælp af de i den vævede vare i kæde- og/eller skudretningen indlejrede ekstra stabiliseringstråde af et materiale, hvis plastificerings- eller smeltetemperatur er mindre end plastificerings- eller smeltetemperaturen 20 af den vævede vares syntetiske garnmateriale, kan disse stabiliseringstrådes materiale ved varmepåvirkningen ved finishbehandlingen bringes i plastisk eller endog smelteflydende tilstand, uden at selve den vævede vare påvirkes. Da disse stabiliseringstråde befinder sig inden 25 i den udspændte meget tæt vævede vare, trænger disse stabiliseringstrådes materiale i smelteflydende eller selv i kun blødgjort eller plastificeret tilstand ind i de forekommende mellem- og hulrum mellem vævets garner, hvorpå vævets garner, efter at disse stabiliseringstrådes 30 materiale er afkølet og blevet fast, i det væsentlige kiler sig sammen med hinanden. Det har overraskende vist sig, at der derved opnås en meget god stabilisering af den vævede vare. Herved forenkles finishbehandlingen, DK 173706 B1 3 fordi påførslen af et harpiksmateriale til stabilisering af den vævede vare enten slet ikke eller i hvert fald ikke i det hidtil påkrævede omfang er nødvendig. Endvidere muliggør indvævningen af stabiliseringstrådene 5 en ensartet og nøjagtig fordeling af stabiliseringsmaterialet, hvorved materialeforbruget til stabiliseringen af den vævede vare reduceres.This task is solved according to the invention by the properties specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. By means of the extra stabilization yarns embedded in the woven product in the warp and / or weft direction, a material whose plasticization or melting temperature is less than the plasticizing or melting temperature 20 of the synthetic yarn material of the woven product, the material of these stabilizing yarns can be applied in the heat treatment at the finishing treatment. be placed in plastic or even melt-flowing state without affecting the woven product itself. Since these stabilizing yarns are within 25 of the stretched very tightly woven product, the material of these stabilizing yarns penetrate in melt-flowing or even in only plasticized or plasticized form into the intermediate and void spaces between the yarns of the tissue, upon which the yarns after these stabilizing yarns 30 material has cooled and become solid, essentially wedging together. Surprisingly, it has been found that thereby a very good stabilization of the woven product is achieved. This simplifies the finishing treatment, because the application of a resin material to stabilize the woven product is either not at all or at least not to the extent required so far. Furthermore, the weaving of the stabilizing wires 5 enables a uniform and accurate distribution of the stabilizing material, thereby reducing the material consumption for the stabilization of the woven product.
Fordelagtige udførelsesformer for opfindelsen er angivet lo i den følgende beskrivelse og underkravene.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following description and the subclaims.
I det følgende forklares en eksempelvis udførelsesform for opfindelsen nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, der i plantegning skematisk viser en vævet vare med 15 indlejrede stabiliseringstråde.In the following, an exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which in schematic drawing shows schematically a woven article with 15 embedded stabilization threads.
En sejldug fremstilles sædvanligvis med en meget tæt lærredsbinding, der i det væsentlige er lufttæt. På tegningen er en sådan tæt lærredsbinding vist skematisk.A sailcloth is usually made with a very dense canvas bond that is essentially airtight. In the drawing, such a tight canvas binding is shown schematically.
20 Kædegarner 1 af et formstofmateriale, såsom polyester, er i lærredsbinding sammenvævede med skudgarner 2 af det samme materiale. Til kæde- og skudgarnerne 1,2 anvendes der sædvanligvis garner henholdsvis multifilamenter af polyester.20 Chain yarns 1 of a plastic material, such as polyester, are woven in canvas bond with weft yarns 2 of the same material. For the warp and weft yarns 1,2, polyester multifilaments are usually used, respectively.
2525
Foruden kæde- og skudgarnerne 1,2 indvæves i varen også stabiliseringstråde, der består af et materiale, hvis blødgørings- eller smeltepunkt ligger væsentligt under kæde- og skudgarnmaterialets. I det viste udførelses-30 eksempel er der både i kæde- og i skudretningen i samme bindingsart indlejret sådanne ekstra stabiliseringstråde 3,4 i den vævede vare.In addition to the warp and weft yarns 1,2, stabilizing yarns are woven into the article which consist of a material whose softening or melting point is substantially below the warp and warp yarn material. In the exemplary embodiment shown, such extra stabilization threads 3,4 are embedded in the woven article in both the warp and in the firing direction in the same bonding type.
DK 17 5706 B1 4DK 17 5706 B1 4
Det er også muligt i vævet at indlejre en eller flere stabiliseringstråde i en anden bindingsmåde eller at anvende en tricotbinding. Fortrinsvis anvendes en bindingsmåde, ved hvilken stabiliseringstrådene ligger i 5 fordybningerne i den af kæde- og skudgarner bestående vævede vare, d.v.s. tæt mellem kæde- og skudgarnerne. Der anvendes derfor fortrinsvis ved en vævet vare med lærredsbinding også en lærredsbinding fer stabiliseringstrådene.It is also possible in the tissue to embed one or more stabilizing yarns in another bonding mode or to use a knit tie. Preferably, a bonding method is used in which the stabilizing yarns lie in the recesses of the woven warp and weft yarn, i.e.. close between the warp and weft threads. Therefore, preferably in a woven article with canvas bonding, a canvas bonding is also used for the stabilization threads.
1010
Stabiliseringstrådene 3,4 kan have samme garntykkelse som kæde- og skudgarnerne, men det er også muligt at anvende tykkere eller tyndere stabiliseringstråde.The stabilizer yarns 3,4 may have the same yarn thickness as the warp yarns, but it is also possible to use thicker or thinner stabilizer yarns.
15 Til kæde- og skudgarnerne 1,2 anvendes polyestergarner med en finhed på 76-1100 dtex, medens stabiliseringstrådene 3,4 har en garntykkelse på 380-1500 dtex. Et eksempel for en stabiliseringstråd er angivet i den følgende tabel: 20For the warp yarns 1,2, polyester yarns with a fineness of 76-1100 dtex are used, while the stabilization yarns 3,4 have a yarn thickness of 380-1500 dtex. An example of a stabilization wire is given in the following table: 20
Garn 3,4Yarn 3,4
garnart polyolefin PPyarn polyolefin PP
25 garntype højstyrke lp hård garntykkelse dtex 380 kapillarantal 60 30 garnstyrke g/d 8,5 - 9,5 strækbrudgrænse % 24-25 .25 yarn type high strength lp hard yarn thickness dtex 380 capillary number 60 30 yarn strength g / d 8.5 - 9.5 stretch break limit% 24-25.
DK 173706 B1 5DK 173706 B1 5
blødgøringspunkt 150 - 155°Csoftening point 150 - 155 ° C
smeltepunkt 163 - 175° 5 specifik vægt g/cm3 0,91mp 163 - 175 ° 5 specific weight g / cm 3 0.91
Medens stabiliseringstrådens blødgørings- eller smeltepunkt ligger ved 155 - 175°C, har det til kæde- og 10 skudgarnerne 1,2 anvendte polyestermateriale et blødgørings- og smeltepunkt på ca. 250°C.While the softening or melting point of the stabilizing wire is at 155 - 175 ° C, the polyester material used for the warp and weft yarns 1,2 has a softening and melting point of approx. 250 ° C.
Efter sammenvævningen af kæde- og skudgarnerne 1,2 og stabiliseringstrådene 3,4 holdes den således opnåede 15 vævede vare udspændt som skematisk vist på tegningen, hvorefter den underkastes en varmebehandling, ved hvilken stabiliseringstrådene 3,4 i det mindste blødgøres og deformeres, hvorimod polyestermaterialet af kæde- og skudgarnerne 1,2 forbliver uændret. Ved denne varme-20 behandling deformeres stabiliseringstrådene på grund af det af de meget tæt vævede kæde- og skudgarner 1,2 udøvede tryk, således at materialet af stabiliseringstrådene 3,4 indklemmes i mellemrummene mellem kæde-og skudgarnerne 1,2. Ved afkølingen bliver materialet af 25 stabiliseringstrådene 3,4 atter stift, hvorved kæde- og skudgarnerne 1,2 fastkiles af stabiliseringstrådenes deformerede materiale. Forsøg har vist, at der, selv dersom stabiliseringstrådene overrives under varmebehandlingen og kun foreligger i delstykker i den af 30 kæde- og skudgarnerne 1,2 vævede vare, opnås en god stabilisering af varen.After the interweaving of the warp yarns 1,2 and the stabilizing yarns 3,4, the 15 woven product thus obtained is held stretched as schematically shown in the drawing, after which it is subjected to a heat treatment, at which the stabilizing yarns 3,4 are at least softened and deformed, whereas the polyester material. of the chain and weft yarns 1,2 remain unchanged. In this heat treatment, the stabilizing yarns are deformed due to the pressure exerted by the very tightly woven warp yarns 1,2 so that the material of the stabilizing yarns 3,4 is squeezed into the spaces between the warp yarns 1,2. Upon cooling, the material of the stabilization yarns becomes 3.4 again stiffened, whereby the warp yarns 1,2 are wedged by the deformed material of the stabilization yarns. Experiments have shown that, even if the stabilization threads are torn during the heat treatment and are only present in pieces in the product woven by the 30 warp and weft yarns 1,2, a good stabilization of the product is obtained.
DK 172706 B1 6 På denne måde opnås en meget god stabilisering af den vævede vare. Dersom der desuden foretages en belægning med melaminharpiks, som anvendes ved den hidtil sædvanlige stabilisering, kan mængden af den anvendte 5 kunstharpiks reduceres væsentligt, samtidig med at der alligevel opnås en lige så god stabilisering som ved den kendte stabilisering med tykkere belægning uden indlejring af stabiliseringstråde.In this way a very good stabilization of the woven product is achieved. In addition, if a coating of melamine resin used for the usual stabilization is made, the amount of the synthetic resin used can be substantially reduced, while still achieving as good stabilization as the known stabilization with thicker coating without embedding stabilization wires. .
10 Den beskrevne stabilisering af den vævede vare kan ikke blot anvendes ved sejldug, men også ved andre anvendelsesformål for en vævet vare, f.eks. presenninger og lignende.10 The described stabilization of the woven product can be used not only for sail cloth, but also for other uses of a woven product, e.g. tarpaulins and the like.
1515
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3830269A DE3830269A1 (en) | 1988-09-06 | 1988-09-06 | CANVAS |
| DE3830269 | 1988-09-06 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK373689D0 DK373689D0 (en) | 1989-07-28 |
| DK373689A DK373689A (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| DK173706B1 true DK173706B1 (en) | 2001-07-09 |
Family
ID=6362381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK198903736A DK173706B1 (en) | 1988-09-06 | 1989-07-28 | Canvas |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0357926B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3830269A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK173706B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2061824T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05156545A (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1993-06-22 | Takata Kk | Non-coat woven fabric and its production |
| DE4206997C2 (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1997-07-03 | Milliken Europ Nv | Process for producing a flat textile material from at least two components with different melting points |
| DE4301166C2 (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1997-12-18 | Mehler Tech Textilien Gmbh | Textile fabric for awnings, umbrellas, tents, tarpaulins and the like and method for its production |
| DE4412376C3 (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1999-09-09 | Buck | Workpiece |
| DE19720107C2 (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1999-09-30 | North Sails Group Inc | Sails and canvas that simulates a woven cloth made from natural fibers |
| NL1004740C2 (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 1998-06-11 | Willink Blydenstein Nv | Cloth. |
| ES2278544B1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2009-03-01 | Vives Vidal Vivesa, S.A. | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A PERMEABLE, ELASTIC AND BREATHABLE FABRIC OR FABRIC AND FABRIC OBTAINED. |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1467231A (en) * | 1965-12-10 | 1967-01-27 | Process for giving a fabric relief shapes and fabrics obtained by this process | |
| CH699069D (en) * | 1968-05-07 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| CA995100A (en) * | 1972-10-26 | 1976-08-17 | James R. Barton | Manufacture of stabilized woven structures |
| FR2420583A1 (en) * | 1978-03-23 | 1979-10-19 | Tissmetal Lionel Dupont | Rigid synthetic material for filter cloths - produced by heat-contraction of a flexible fabric |
| DE2931721A1 (en) * | 1979-08-04 | 1981-02-05 | Stevens Genin S A | Heat-hardenable synthetic resin reinforcement fabric - contains supplementary heat softenable weft, to avoid fraying when fabric is cut |
| JPS6445841A (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1989-02-20 | Nitto Boseki Co Ltd | Fabric for fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin laminate material |
-
1988
- 1988-09-06 DE DE3830269A patent/DE3830269A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-07-24 EP EP89113612A patent/EP0357926B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-24 DE DE58908400T patent/DE58908400D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-24 ES ES89113612T patent/ES2061824T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-28 DK DK198903736A patent/DK173706B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0357926B1 (en) | 1994-09-21 |
| DE3830269A1 (en) | 1990-03-15 |
| EP0357926A2 (en) | 1990-03-14 |
| DK373689A (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| DE58908400D1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
| ES2061824T3 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
| EP0357926A3 (en) | 1991-06-12 |
| DK373689D0 (en) | 1989-07-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
| PUP | Patent expired |