DK168209B1 - Fremgangsmåde og apparat til vakuumraffinering af glas eller lignende materiale med forøget skumning - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåde og apparat til vakuumraffinering af glas eller lignende materiale med forøget skumning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK168209B1 DK168209B1 DK355988A DK355988A DK168209B1 DK 168209 B1 DK168209 B1 DK 168209B1 DK 355988 A DK355988 A DK 355988A DK 355988 A DK355988 A DK 355988A DK 168209 B1 DK168209 B1 DK 168209B1
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- current
- space
- flow
- glass
- refining
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims description 83
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005816 glass manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009290 primary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011064 split stream procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
- C03B5/2252—Refining under reduced pressure, e.g. with vacuum refiners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/12—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/20—Bridges, shoes, throats, or other devices for withholding dirt, foam, or batch
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/067,036 US4780122A (en) | 1987-06-29 | 1987-06-29 | Vacuum refining of glass or the like with enhanced foaming |
| US6703687 | 1987-06-29 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK355988D0 DK355988D0 (da) | 1988-06-28 |
| DK355988A DK355988A (da) | 1988-12-30 |
| DK168209B1 true DK168209B1 (da) | 1994-02-28 |
Family
ID=22073314
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK355988A DK168209B1 (da) | 1987-06-29 | 1988-06-28 | Fremgangsmåde og apparat til vakuumraffinering af glas eller lignende materiale med forøget skumning |
Country Status (26)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4780122A (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP0297405B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JPS6418926A (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR900006108B1 (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1006884B (pt) |
| AR (1) | AR242548A1 (pt) |
| AT (1) | ATE72212T1 (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU584017B2 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR8803171A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA1309867C (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE3868156D1 (pt) |
| DK (1) | DK168209B1 (pt) |
| EG (1) | EG18558A (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2028189T3 (pt) |
| FI (1) | FI84591C (pt) |
| GR (1) | GR3003857T3 (pt) |
| IL (1) | IL86721A (pt) |
| IN (1) | IN171101B (pt) |
| MX (1) | MX164831B (pt) |
| MY (1) | MY103107A (pt) |
| NZ (1) | NZ224819A (pt) |
| PH (1) | PH24885A (pt) |
| PT (1) | PT87844B (pt) |
| SG (1) | SG69792G (pt) |
| TR (1) | TR23361A (pt) |
| ZA (1) | ZA883789B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58127706A (ja) * | 1982-01-23 | 1983-07-29 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | オレフイン重合用触媒担体 |
| JPS6469530A (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1989-03-15 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Production of glass |
| WO1999035099A1 (fr) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-07-15 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Procede et dispositif de fusion et d'affinage de matieres vitrifiables |
| US6634187B1 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2003-10-21 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Apparatus for delivering a cased glass stream having a raised and sealed orifice bushing |
| US6854290B2 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2005-02-15 | Corning Incorporated | Method for controlling foam production in reduced pressure fining |
| DE10253222B4 (de) * | 2002-02-26 | 2008-01-17 | Ept Eglass Platinum Technology Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Läutern von schmelzflüssigem Glas |
| US8156766B2 (en) * | 2003-01-09 | 2012-04-17 | Corning Incorporated | Molten optical glass fining apparatus |
| JP3986070B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2007-10-03 | Ｈｏｙａ株式会社 | 熔融ガラスの製造方法及びガラス成形体の製造方法 |
| US20090078003A1 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-26 | Glen Bennett Cook | Free-surface mixing method and apparatus therefor |
| US8925353B2 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2015-01-06 | Corning Incorporated | Process and system for fining glass |
| US8707740B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2014-04-29 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion glass manufacturing systems and methods |
| US9021838B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-05-05 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for glass manufacturing |
| US8769992B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2014-07-08 | Johns Manville | Panel-cooled submerged combustion melter geometry and methods of making molten glass |
| US9032760B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2015-05-19 | Johns Manville | Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers |
| US8997525B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-04-07 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion |
| US9533905B2 (en) | 2012-10-03 | 2017-01-03 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters having an extended treatment zone and methods of producing molten glass |
| WO2014055199A1 (en) | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-10 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter |
| US9249042B2 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2016-02-02 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Process and apparatus for refining molten glass |
| WO2016137913A2 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | Corning Incorporated | Glass manufacturing apparatus and methods |
| US10246362B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2019-04-02 | Johns Manville | Effective discharge of exhaust from submerged combustion melters and methods |
| US10301208B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2019-05-28 | Johns Manville | Continuous flow submerged combustion melter cooling wall panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods of using same |
| US10196294B2 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2019-02-05 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters, wall structures or panels of same, and methods of using same |
| US10233105B2 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2019-03-19 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters and methods of feeding particulate material into such melters |
| US11912608B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2024-02-27 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Glass manufacturing |
| US11339077B2 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2022-05-24 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Fining glass using high temperature and low pressure |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2465283A (en) * | 1946-06-17 | 1949-03-22 | Glass Fibers Inc | Melting and drawing furnace |
| US2936549A (en) * | 1955-02-14 | 1960-05-17 | Mela Maschb Und Reparatur Hans | Glass making apparatus |
| BE626966A (pt) * | 1962-01-29 | |||
| FR1485634A (fr) * | 1966-04-19 | 1967-06-23 | Boussois Souchon Neuvesel Sa | Procédé et dispositif pour la fusion du verre et l'élaboration de produits vitreux |
| BE792819A (fr) * | 1971-12-15 | 1973-06-15 | Corning Glass Works | Procede et appareil pour produire du verre sensiblement homogene et exempt de cordes |
| US3938981A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-02-17 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Method for removing gaseous inclusions from molten glass |
| US4195982A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1980-04-01 | Western Electric Company, Incorporated | Method for extruding articles |
| US4381934A (en) * | 1981-07-30 | 1983-05-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Glass batch liquefaction |
| WO1983000685A1 (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-03-03 | Carman, Justice, N. | Glass making furnace apparatus |
| US4738938A (en) * | 1986-01-02 | 1988-04-19 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Melting and vacuum refining of glass or the like and composition of sheet |
-
1987
- 1987-06-29 US US07/067,036 patent/US4780122A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-05-26 ZA ZA883789A patent/ZA883789B/xx unknown
- 1988-05-27 NZ NZ224819A patent/NZ224819A/xx unknown
- 1988-06-13 IL IL8672188A patent/IL86721A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-14 PH PH37074A patent/PH24885A/en unknown
- 1988-06-14 IN IN520/DEL/88A patent/IN171101B/en unknown
- 1988-06-21 CA CA000570029A patent/CA1309867C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-21 TR TR44688A patent/TR23361A/xx unknown
- 1988-06-21 MY MYPI88000681A patent/MY103107A/en unknown
- 1988-06-22 EP EP88109880A patent/EP0297405B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-22 DE DE8888109880T patent/DE3868156D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-22 ES ES198888109880T patent/ES2028189T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-22 AT AT88109880T patent/ATE72212T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-23 FI FI883047A patent/FI84591C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-23 KR KR1019880007614A patent/KR900006108B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-23 EG EG355/88A patent/EG18558A/xx active
- 1988-06-24 PT PT87844A patent/PT87844B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-27 AR AR88311243A patent/AR242548A1/es active
- 1988-06-28 JP JP63160571A patent/JPS6418926A/ja active Granted
- 1988-06-28 DK DK355988A patent/DK168209B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-28 BR BR8803171A patent/BR8803171A/pt unknown
- 1988-06-28 MX MX12077A patent/MX164831B/es unknown
- 1988-06-29 CN CN88103995A patent/CN1006884B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-06-29 AU AU18521/88A patent/AU584017B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-02-21 GR GR920400272T patent/GR3003857T3/el unknown
- 1992-07-04 SG SG697/92A patent/SG69792G/en unknown
Also Published As
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
| PBP | Patent lapsed |