DK160123B

DK160123B - PROCEDURE FOR THE FINDING OF SOLID, EDIBLE MATERIALS AND EMULGATION OF MATERIALS CONTAINED OR ADDED MATERIALS.

Info

Publication number: DK160123B
Application number: DK222481A
Authority: DK
Inventors: William Jensen
Original assignee: Wolfking Danmark As
Priority date: 1981-05-20
Filing date: 1981-05-20
Publication date: 1991-02-04
Also published as: DE3205323C2; DK160123C; DE3205323A1; DK222481A

Description

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Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til behandling af faste, spiselige materialer, navnlig kød til farser, ved findeling af materialet i et findelingsaggregat og efterfølgende emulgering af i materialet indeholdte eller tilsatte 5 stoffer, såsom vand og fedt i kød, i et med findelingsaggregatet sammenkoblet emulgeringsaggregat.The invention relates to a method for treating solid, edible materials, especially meat for fares, by comminuting the material in a comminution aggregate and subsequently emulsifying the material contained or added to the material, such as water and fat in meat, in an emulsifying aggregate coupled to the comminution aggregate.

I kødbearbejdningsindustrien eksisterer et behov for dels at kunne findele f.eks. kød, som består af proteiner, vand og fedt og emulgere vandet og fedtet i det samme kød.In the meat processing industry there is a need partly to be able to comminute e.g. meat, which consists of proteins, water and fat, and emulsify the water and fat in the same meat.

10 Tilsvarende behov findes antagelig i beslægtede industrier til fremstilling af faste, spiselige materialer.10 Similar needs are probably found in related industries for the manufacture of solid, edible materials.

Ved kombinerede findelings- og emulgeringsapparater er man ved at vælge f.eks. en høj grad af findeling af kød også bundet til en høj grad af emulgering af vand og fedt.For combined comminution and emulsifying devices, one is choosing e.g. a high degree of comminution of meat also bound to a high degree of emulsification of water and fat.

15 Undertiden ønskes en sådan høj grad af findeling samtidig med en høj grad af emulgering, men i mange tilfælde er det ønskeligt at kunne vælge findeling og emulgering uafhængigt af hinanden, hvilket imidlertid ikke har været muligt ved de hidtil kendte fremgangsmåder og apparater til samtidig 20 findeling og emulgering af kød til farser. Disse apparater udfører findeling og emulgering i én og samme operation, og er primært fremstillet til findeling af råvaren. Emulgeringsevnen fremkommer ved at variere "kørselstiden" i kendte hakkemaskiner og variere hulstørrelsen i de med hakkema-25 skinens knive samvirkende hulskiver. Ved den samtidige skæring og emulgering af kød, hvor maskinerne arbejder med store omdrejninger, f.eks. 3-4000 omdr./m bliver fibrene i kødet skåret meget korte, og der opnås en høj grad af emulgering, men det er ikke muligt at vælge fiberlængden og 30 graden af emulgering uafhængigt af hinanden. Endvidere er der ved kendte apparater i form af mikrocuttere, hvori anvendes roterende knive med omdrejningshastigheder på 1500-3000 omdr./m, risiko for at knivsættet beskadiges af varmeudvikling under tomgang, og at varmen overføres til det behandlede 35 produkt, hvilket kan give anledning til bekymringer hos veterinærer og produktionsfolk.Sometimes such a high degree of comminution is desired at the same time as a high degree of emulsification, but in many cases it is desirable to be able to choose comminution and emulsification independently of one another, which, however, has not been possible with the known methods and apparatus for simultaneous 20 comminution and emulsification of meat for farces. These appliances perform comminution and emulsification in one and the same operation, and are primarily manufactured for comminution of the raw material. The emulsifying ability is obtained by varying the "run time" of known chopping machines and varying the hole size in the chopping discs cooperating with the knives of the chopping machine. At the simultaneous cutting and emulsification of meat, where the machines work at large revolutions, e.g. 3-4,000 rpm, the fibers in the meat are cut very short and a high degree of emulsification is achieved, but it is not possible to choose the fiber length and 30 degree of emulsification independently. Furthermore, in known apparatus in the form of micro-cutters using rotary blades with rotational speeds of 1500-3000 rpm, there is a risk that the knife set is damaged by heat generation during idling and that the heat is transferred to the treated product, which can give rise to to the concerns of veterinarians and production professionals.

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Foruden de foran nævnte mikrocuttere kendes såkaldte hurtighakkere, der har en aksel med krumsabel lignende knive, der hugger ned i en som et rotationslegeme udformet skål med knivhastigheder på op til 4500 omdr./m. Disse maskiner 5 arbejder under stor støjudvikling og er desuden meget kostbare.In addition to the aforementioned micro-cutters, so-called fast hackers are known, which have a shaft with crumb-like blades, which cut into a bowl designed as a rotary body with knife speeds of up to 4500 rpm. These machines 5 operate under great noise development and are also very expensive.

Formålet med opfindelsen er at anvise en fremgangsmåde til kontinuerlig findeling og emulgering, ved hvilken fremgangsmåde det er muligt at variere findeling af kød eller 10 andre spiselige materialer, uafhængigt af en valgt emulgeringsgrad af vand, fedt eller andre i materialet indeholdte emulgerbare stoffer.The object of the invention is to provide a process for continuous comminution and emulsification, in which it is possible to vary the comminution of meat or other edible materials, independently of a selected degree of emulsification of water, fat or other emulsifiers contained in the material.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at findelingsaggregatet ved tvangsfremdrivning i en 15 ubrudt kontinuerlig strøm trykker det findelte materiale over i det i umiddelbar forlængelse af findelingsaggregatet anbragte emulgeringsaggregat, og at de to aggregater er således sammenkoblede og indrettede, at de kan reguleres uafhængigt af hinanden for fastsættelse af henholdsvis fin-20 delingsgrad og emulgeringsgrad.The process according to the invention is characterized in that, by coercive propulsion in a continuous continuous flow, the comminuted material presses the finely divided material into the emulsifying aggregate arranged in the immediate extension of the comminution unit and the two aggregates are so interconnected and arranged that they can be controlled independently of one another. for determining the degree of comminution and emulsification, respectively.

Ved denne inden for kødbearbejdnings industrien ukendte, overraskende enkle fremgangsmåde er det blevet muligt, individuelt at findele og emulgere f.eks. proteiner, vand, fedt, således, at den ene af de to operationer kan udføres 25 i en bestemt bearbejdningsgrad, uafhængigt af den anden operations bearbejdningsgrad. Man er således i stand til at styre produktionen af farsvarer, således at der kan opnås en høj grad af findeling, uden at man derfor er bundet til en høj grad af emulgering, ligesom man omvendt kan vælge en 30 lav grad af findeling og en høj grad af emulgering.With this surprisingly simple process unknown in the meat processing industry, it has become possible to individually comminute and emulsify e.g. proteins, water, fat, so that one of the two operations can be performed at a certain degree of processing, regardless of the degree of processing of the other operation. Thus, one is able to control the production of commodities so that a high degree of comminution can be achieved without, therefore, being bound to a high degree of emulsification, and conversely, one can choose a low degree of comminution and a high degree of comminution. degree of emulsification.

Fra DE-offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 21 52 438 kendes ganske vist to sammenkoblede maskinaggregater til henholdsvis findeling og emulgering, men findelingsaggregatet arbejder portionsvis og ikke kontinuerligt og materialet bevæges 35 frem og tilbage i findelings- og blandeaggregatet ved hjælp af transportsnegle, dvs., at der ikke er tale om tvangsfrem- 3It is known from DE Publication No. 21 52 438 two interconnected machine assemblies for comminution and emulsification, respectively, but the comminution unit operates portionwise and not continuously and the material is moved back and forth in the comminution and mixing assembly by means of conveyor screws, i.e. is not a matter of coercive promotion

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drivning. Endvidere er emulgeringsaggregatet i det tyske offentliggørelsesskrift anbragt neden under findelings- og blandeaggregatet, og materialet falder ved sin egen vægt-altså ikke tvangs fremdrevet - ned i emulgeringsaggregatet.driving. Furthermore, in the German publication specification, the emulsifying unit is placed below the comminution and mixing unit, and the material falls by its own weight - that is, not forcibly propelled - into the emulsifier.

5 I modsætning hertil presses materialet ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen med et konstant tryk gennem findelingsaggregatet til emulgeringsaggregatet, hvilket gør det muligt at opnå et meget ensartet produkt, bl.a. fordi man øjeblikkeligt ved trinløs regulering kan skride ind over for fore-10 kommende ændringer.In contrast, in the process of the invention, the material is pressed at a constant pressure through the comminution aggregate to the emulsifier, which makes it possible to obtain a very uniform product, i. because it is possible to take immediate steps against any future changes by means of stepless regulation.

Til findelingen af materialet ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan anvendes et findelingsaggregat med roterbare kniv- eller røreorganer, der arbejder med lavt omdrejningstal uden at emulgere produktet og under tvangs-15 fremdrivning af dette gennem findelingsaggregatet og ind i et emulgeringsapparat. Et sådant apparat kendes f.eks. fra beskrivelsen til DK patentansøgning nr. 2496/75. Når rotoren i dette kendte apparat arbejder med lavt omdrejningstal, kan der opnås en høj grad af findeling uden at kødvaren 20 emulgeres, og findelingsgraden og kapaciteten kan varieres, hvorimod det ikke i samme apparat er muligt, at udføre såvel findeling som emulgering med en af findelingsgraden uafhængig, variabel emulgeringsgrad. Efter findelingen presses materialet ind i et særskilt emulgeringsapparat, i hvilket 25 emulgeringsgraden ligeledes kan varieres ved at ændre omdrejningstallet på en rotor og ved at variere spaltebredden af en passage for materialet mellem rotoren og en stator, som danner indervæg i apparatets hus.For the comminution of the material according to the method of the invention, a comminution assembly with rotatable knife or stirring means operating at low rpm can be used without emulsifying the product and forcing it through the comminution assembly and into an emulsifier. Such an apparatus is known e.g. from the description to DK patent application no. 2496/75. When the rotor in this known apparatus operates at low rpm, a high degree of comminution can be obtained without emulsifying the meat product 20, and the degree of comminution and capacity can be varied, whereas it is not possible in the same apparatus to perform both comminution and emulsification with one of the The degree of comminution is independent, variable degree of emulsification. After the comminution, the material is pressed into a separate emulsifier, in which the degree of emulsification can also be varied by changing the rotational speed of a rotor and by varying the gap width of a passage for the material between the rotor and a stator forming the inner wall of the apparatus housing.

Opfindelsen forklares i det følgende nærmere i forbin-30 delse med tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser en udførelsesform for et anlæg til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen ved bearbejdning af kød til fars, fig. 2 et emulgeringsapparat til brug ved fremgangs-35 måden ifølge opfindelsen, ogBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a plant for carrying out the method according to the invention in processing meat for farce; FIG. 2 shows an emulsifier for use in the method of the invention; and

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4 fig. 3 en detalje, der viser de afbrudte riller i rotoren til emulgeringsapparatet vist på fig. 2.4 FIG. 3 shows a detail showing the interrupted grooves in the rotor of the emulsifier shown in FIG. 2nd

Det i fig. 1 viste anlæg har en fødetragt 1, i hvis bund der er placeret en fødesnegl, der drives af en motor 7 5 over en transmission 9. Fødesneglen føder materialet, f.eks. kød, ind i et kapacitetsvariabelt pumpeaggregat 3, der med indstillelig, variabel kapacitet trykker materialet igennem et findelingsaggregat 4, der på kendt måde har knive og hulskiver, som er udskiftelige, så der kan anvendes hulskiver 10 med forskellige hulstørrelser.The FIG. 1 has a feed hopper 1, in the bottom of which is a feed auger driven by a motor 7 5 over a transmission 9. The feed auger feeds the material, e.g. meat, into a capacity variable pumping unit 3 which, with adjustable, variable capacity, presses the material through a comminuting unit 4 which in a known manner has knives and hollow discs which are interchangeable so that hollow discs 10 of different hole sizes can be used.

Fra findelingsaggregatet 4 transporteres materialet over til et emulgeringsapparat 6 gennem en transportør 5. Emulgeringsapparatet 6 emulgerer fedtet og vandet i kødet, inden materialet forlader apparatet for videre bearbejdning.From the comminution assembly 4, the material is conveyed to an emulsifier 6 through a conveyor 5. The emulsifier 6 emulsifies the fat and water in the meat before the material leaves the apparatus for further processing.

15 Emulgeringsapparatet 6 trækkes af en motor 8.15 The emulsifier 6 is pulled by a motor 8.

I emulgeringsapparatet i fig. 2 føres det forud findelte kød samt de øvrige ingredienser i farsen med en forud bestemt hastighed, f.eks. 8000 kg/t, ind i emulgeringsap-paratets hus c, hvor det møder en konisk rotor a, der er 20 forsynet med indstukne riller for blandt andet at give en stor overflade. Rotoren vil søge at bringe kødet op på samme hastighed, som den selv har, idet dens riller er afbrudt for at give den en god gribeevne og for at fremme turbulensen og dermed emulgeringen i materialet (fig. 3) . En omsluttende, 25 konisk .stator b har på den side, der vender mod rotoren a, riller som svarer til rotorens, men disse riller er skråt-skåret (gevindskåret), hvilket vil bringe råvaren ud mod periferien, hjulpet af centrifugalkraften.In the emulsifier of FIG. 2, the pre-divided meat and the other ingredients in the farce are fed at a predetermined speed, e.g. 8000 kg / h, into the housing c of the emulsifier, where it encounters a tapered rotor a which is provided with grooved sections to provide, among other things, a large surface. The rotor will try to bring the meat up at the same speed as it has itself, with its grooves interrupted to give it a good grip and to promote turbulence and thus emulsification in the material (Fig. 3). An enclosing, tapered stator b has, on the side facing the rotor a, grooves similar to those of the rotor, but these grooves are slanted (threaded), which will bring the raw material toward the periphery, aided by centrifugal force.

For at nedsætte denne transport til en rimelig stør-30 relse, er gevindet i lighed med rillerne i rotoren a afbrudt et passende antal steder. Disse afbrudte riller og gevind er vigtige faktorer til fremme af emulgeringsevnen, idet de er stærkt asymmetriske. Dette tjener to formål, idet det dels hindrer pulsering, og dels bevirker at råvaren bliver 35 så voldsomt mekanisk påvirket, at det mindst svarer til de metoder, der er i anvendelse i dag.In order to reduce this transport to a reasonable size, the thread, like the grooves in the rotor a, is interrupted a suitable number of places. These interrupted grooves and threads are important factors in promoting emulsifying ability, as they are highly asymmetric. This serves two purposes, in part preventing pulsation and partly causing the raw material to be so severely mechanically affected that it is at least similar to the methods in use today.

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Rotoren trækkes direkte fra en motor d.The rotor is pulled directly from a motor d.

Statoren b er med et udvendigt gevind indskruet i et tilsvarende indvendigt gevind i huset c, hvorved det er muligt at ændre bredden af spalten mellem rotor og stator 5 med henblik på at variere graden af emulgering. Indstillingen af spaltebredden kan fastholdes ved hjælp af en låseanordning med et låsehåndtag c.The stator b is screwed in with an external thread in a corresponding internal thread in the housing c, whereby it is possible to change the width of the gap between the rotor and stator 5 in order to vary the degree of emulsification. The gap width setting can be retained by means of a locking device with a locking handle c.

I det følgende beskrives en fremgangsmåde ifølge opfindelsen til fremstilling af kødfars. Det forhakkede 10 materiale, der eksempelvis kan bestå af kød, flæsk, krydderier, vand og andre additiver, blandes sammen f.eks. i en blandemaskine, hvorefter det finhakkes i et kendt findelingsaggregat, f.eks. som beskrevet i beskrivelsen til DK patentansøgning nr. 2496/75. Det nu færdig findelte materiale 15 transporteres frem til emulgeringsapparatets indløbsåbning i statoren b ved hjælp af trykket fra findelingsaggregatet.In the following, a process according to the invention for the preparation of meats is described. The chopped material, which may for example consist of meat, pork, spices, water and other additives, is mixed together e.g. in a mixer, after which it is finely chopped into a known comminution assembly, e.g. as described in the specification for DK Patent Application No. 2496/75. The now finished comminuted material 15 is conveyed to the inlet opening of the emulsifier in the stator b by the pressure of the comminution assembly.

Materialet, som strømmer ind gennem statoren b, møder rotoren a, der roterer med 3000 omdr./m og med særligt udformede gribeflader f på spidsen af rotoren vil slynge materia-20 let ud mod periferien, hvorefter de rillede overflader på henholdsvis stator b og rotor a, der er asymmetrisk indfræsede, i fællesskab øver en voldsom mekanisk påvirkning på materialet, hvilket resulterer i, at fedt og vand emulgeres effektivt sammen, således at de i forbindelse med de andre 25 ingredienser har en sådan konsistens, at farsen er i stand til at tåle den efterfølgende kogning eller stegning, uden at emulsionen ophæves igen. Den emulgerede fars forlader maskinen gennem åbningen i husets underkant.The material flowing in through the stator b meets the rotor a, which rotates at 3000 rpm and with specially designed gripping surfaces f at the tip of the rotor, will project the material 20 outwardly towards the periphery, after which the grooved surfaces of stator b and Asymmetrically milled rotor α jointly exerts a strong mechanical impact on the material, resulting in the fat and water being emulsified effectively together, so that, with the other 25 ingredients, they have a consistency such that the farce is capable of to withstand the subsequent boiling or roasting without the emulsion being resumed. The emulsified father leaves the machine through the opening at the bottom of the housing.

Emulgeringsaggregatet arbejder med et meget lavt 30 støjniveau og driftsomkostningerne er minimale, da der ikke er direkte kontakt mellem rotorende og stillestående maskin-dele og derfor ingen slitage. Endvidere kan emulgeringsgraden indstilles ved en skalaindstilling, der simplificerer receptformulering. Hertil kommer, at apparatet er rengøringsvenligt 35 og selvtømmende, hvorved et eventuelt materialestop ikke vil resultere i lokal varmeudvikling i farsvaren.The emulsifier operates at a very low noise level and the operating costs are minimal as there is no direct contact between rotating and stationary machine parts and therefore no wear. Furthermore, the degree of emulsification can be set by a scale setting that simplifies prescription formulation. In addition, the appliance is easy to clean and self-emptying, whereby any material stoppage will not result in local heat generation in the farewell.

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De hidtil anvendte fremgangsmåder, hvor skæring og emulgering sker samtidig, har den ulempe, at fibrene fra kødet bliver skåret korte, fordi skæringen sker med 3-4000 omdr./m. Ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan derimod 5 opnås lange fibre (skønsmæssigt 10-20 gange længere end hidtil) ved at råvaren hakkes med knive, der roterer med f.eks. 125 omdr./m, og med en kapacitet på 8-16 tons i timen.The methods used so far, where cutting and emulsification are done simultaneously, have the disadvantage that the fibers from the meat are cut short because the cutting takes place at 3-4000 rpm. By the method according to the invention, on the other hand, 5 long fibers (an estimated 10-20 times longer than before) can be obtained by chopping the raw material with knives rotating with e.g. 125 rpm and with a capacity of 8-16 tons per hour.

Dette forhold mellem kødmængde og omdrejninger kan sikre en kødstruktur af hidtil ukendt god kvalitet.This ratio of meat volume to revolutions can ensure a meat structure of unprecedented quality.

10 For at bevare disse lange fibre i det færdige produkt, er det vigtigt, at emulgeringsgraden kan varieres blandt andet ved hjælp af den variable afstand mellem den roterende og stationære del af apparatet, således at fibrene ikke klippes over.In order to preserve these long fibers in the finished product, it is important that the degree of emulsification can be varied, inter alia, by the variable distance between the rotating and stationary part of the apparatus, so that the fibers are not cut.

Claims

A method of treating solid, edible materials, especially meat for farce, by comminuting the material into a comminuting aggregate and subsequently emulsifying 5 contained or added substances in the material, such as water and fat in meat, in an emulsifying aggregate interconnected with the comminution aggregate. in that the comminution assembly (4), by forced propulsion in an uninterrupted continuous flow, presses the comminuted material into the emulsifying assembly (6) arranged in the immediate extension of the comminution assembly (4) and thus the two aggregates (4 and 6, respectively) are interconnected and arranged that they may be independently regulated to determine the degree of comminution and emulsification, respectively.

Process according to claim 1 for the treatment of meat, characterized in that the forced propulsion, the degree of comminution and the degree of emulsification are infinitely controllable.