DK156285B - DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OR PARTIAL PRESSURE OF A BLOOD GAS DIRECTLY ON THE SURFACE OF A LIVE BEING. - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OR PARTIAL PRESSURE OF A BLOOD GAS DIRECTLY ON THE SURFACE OF A LIVE BEING. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK156285B DK156285B DK477371AA DK477371A DK156285B DK 156285 B DK156285 B DK 156285B DK 477371A A DK477371A A DK 477371AA DK 477371 A DK477371 A DK 477371A DK 156285 B DK156285 B DK 156285B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- measuring
- skin
- partial pressure
- heating device
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1468—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
- A61B5/1477—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means non-invasive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/404—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors
Description
1 DK 156285B1 DK 156285B
Opfindelsen angâr et apparat til elektrokemisk analyse til mâling af koncentrationen eller det partielle tryk af en gas i blod 'direkte pâ overfladen af et levende væsen uden ope-rativt indgreb, omfattende i det mindste en mâleelektrode og en opvarmningsindretning til termisk stimulering af den lokale blod-gennemstr0mning.The invention relates to an apparatus for electrochemical analysis for measuring the concentration or partial pressure of a gas in blood directly on the surface of a living being without operative intervention, comprising at least one measuring electrode and a heating device for thermal stimulation of the local blood. -gennemstr0mning.
Ved kendte apparater af denne art gennemf0res unders0gel-sen pâ en af patientens fingre. I mâlings0jemed anvendes et elek-trodearrangement bestâende af en platinelektrode og en s0lv-s0lv-In known devices of this kind, the examination is performed on one of the patient's fingers. For measuring purposes, an electrode arrangement consisting of a platinum electrode and a silver-silver electrode is used.
2 DK 156285 B2 DK 156285 B
beholder, sont indeholder en KC l-opl0sning. Beholderen er ned-dykket i et vandbad, som ved hjælp af tre opvarmningselementer opvarmes til 45°C. I mâlings0j emed neddykkes en finger i fin-gerkammeret. Kcl-opl0snïngen opvarmes til ca. 42-43°C, hvorfor vandbadet af hensyn til temperaturtabet fra vandbadet til fin-geren ma opvarmes til 45°C. Tidligst efter 15 minutters ned-dykning af fingeren opnâs en ligevægtstilstand mellem oxygen-trykket af det artérielle blod i fingeren og oxygentrykket i kcl-opl0sningen, sâ at det af elektroden i elektrolyttet spo-rede oxygentryk svarer til oxygentrykket af det artérielle blod.container, sont contains a KC l solution. The container is immersed in a water bath which is heated to 45 ° C by means of three heating elements. In the measuring oil, a finger is submerged in the fin chamber. The Kcl solution is heated to approx. 42-43 ° C, therefore, for the temperature loss from the water bath to the fin, the water bath must be heated to 45 ° C. Earlier, after 15 minutes of immersion of the finger, an equilibrium state is reached between the oxygen pressure of the arterial blood in the finger and the oxygen pressure in the kcl solution so that the oxygen pressure of the electrode detected in the electrolyte corresponds to the oxygen pressure of the arterial blood.
Fra Br. J. Derm (1968) 80, side 606 til 610 og side 643 til 651 kendes hyperæmisering af huden ved blodgennemstr0mnings-mâling ved hjælp af en af varmt vand gennemstr0mmet skive, som har en diameter pâ 12 mm. Ved samtidig mâling af oxygen-partial-trykket hyperæmiseres huden ved gentagen fjernelse af et klæbe-bând fra overarmen, hvorved hudens yderste lag fjernes (jf. side 644, linierne 2-3).From Br. J. Derm (1968) 80, pages 606 to 610 and pages 643 to 651 are known to hyperemize the skin by blood flow measurement by means of a 12 mm diameter diameter hot water flow. By simultaneously measuring the oxygen partial pressure, the skin is hyperemized by repeated removal of an adhesive band from the upper arm, thereby removing the outermost layer of the skin (see page 644, lines 2-3).
I Progress in Respiration Research, Vol. 3, side 161 til 164, 1969, henvises der til, at der i sammenligning med en hyperæmisering ved hjælp af karudvidende midler opnâs dârligere resultater, hvis huden kun "inflammeres", dvs. hvis hudens yderste lag fjernes ved gentagen fjernelse af et klæbebând. Af samme publikation fremgâr, at der mellem huden og elektroden er an-bragt en tynd oliehinde for at holde atmosfærisk oxygen fra elektroden.In Progress in Respiration Research, Vol. 3, pages 161 to 164, 1969, it is pointed out that in comparison with a hyperemization by vasodilators, worse results are obtained if the skin is only "inflamed", ie. if the outer layer of the skin is removed by repeated removal of an adhesive tape. From the same publication it appears that a thin oil membrane is placed between the skin and the electrode to keep atmospheric oxygen from the electrode.
I Arch. Gynâk. 207, 1969, siderne 443 til 451 er der taie om, at hyperæmiseringen fremkaldes ved hjælp af karudvidende præparater. Et mâlehoved, der er udstyret med en elektrode, fast-g0res ved hjælp af to sugekanaler pâ huden af et nyf0dt barns ho-ved. En af forfatterne af den foreliggende artikel har i en sene-re publikation indr0mmet, at elektrodens anbringelse endnu var sâ problematisk, at metoden ikke kunne hâve praktisk betydning.In Arch. Gynâk. 207, 1969, pages 443 to 451, it is clear that the hyperemization is induced by vasodilators. A measuring head equipped with an electrode is secured by two suction channels to the skin of the head of a newborn child. One of the authors of the present article admitted in a later publication that the placement of the electrode was still so problematic that the method could not have practical significance.
Allerede i 1966 er der i Oxygen Measurements in Blood an Tissues, London, siderne 135 til 153 i forbindelse med en omtale af nâle-elektroder anf0rt tvivl om egnetheden af en bestemt type elektroder. Man nærede frygt for, at denne bestemte elektrode-type ville hâve et for stort egetforbrug af oxygen og derfor med-f0re forkerte mâleresultater. Man har her âbenbart villet henvise til elektroder med ber0ringsflader.Already in 1966, in Oxygen Measurements in Blood an Tissues, London, pages 135 to 153, in connection with a mention of needle electrodes, cast doubt on the suitability of a particular type of electrode. It was feared that this particular electrode type would have too much self-consumption of oxygen and therefore lead to incorrect measurement results. One has obviously wanted to refer to electrodes with touch surfaces.
DK 156285 BDK 156285 B
3 I Respiration Physiology, 3, 1967, siderne 21-37 er det anf0rt, at oxygenindholdet pâ hudoverfladen kun for0ges med nog-le fâ mm Hg, hvis der tilvejebringes en lokal opvarmning af hu-den ved hjælp af en i nærheden af armen anbragt lampe eller ved, at amen og elektroden anbringes i en varmekasse. Ved hjælp af en tabel vises, at oxygentrykkene for0ges væsentligt, hvis huden hyperæmiseres enteh ved vasodilatatorer eller véd fjernelse af klæbestrimler.3 In Respiration Physiology, 3, 1967, pages 21-37, it is stated that the oxygen content of the skin surface is increased by only a few mm Hg if a local heating of the skin is provided by means of a proximal arm. lamp or by placing the amen and electrode in a heating box. A table shows that oxygen pressures are significantly increased if the skin is hyperemized by vasodilators or by removing adhesive strips.
Nâr man tager hensyn til , at oxygen-partialtrykket af den ikke-hyperæmiserede hud ligger ved ca. 1 mm Hg, og at en opvarmning af huden ved hjælp af en lampe eller en anden varmekilde kun lader trykket stige med nogle fâ mm Hg, sâ mâtte konklusio-nen for en fagmand være den, at kontinuerlige pC^-mâlinger ved den ved vanne hyperæmiserede hud ikke var sâ gunstige, at de kunne erstatte eller endda forbedre en hyperæmisering ved hjælp af kar-udvidende præparater.Taking into account that the oxygen partial pressure of the non-hyperemized skin is at approx. 1 mm Hg, and that a heating of the skin by means of a lamp or other heat source only allows the pressure to rise by a few mm Hg, so the conclusion for one of ordinary skill in the art should be that continuous pC hyperaemized skin was not so favorable that they could replace or even improve a hyperaemic using vasodilators.
Formâlet med opfindelsen er at forbedre et apparat af den indledningsvis angivne art pâ en sâdan mâde, at der muligg0res en enkel og kontinuerlig bestemmelse af koncentrationen eller partialtrykket af en gas i blodet ved, at en reproducerbar, konstant og langvarig hyperæmi opnâs ved hjælp af en overtempera-tur.The object of the invention is to improve an apparatus of the kind set out in the preamble in such a way as to enable a simple and continuous determination of the concentration or partial pressure of a gas in the blood by obtaining a reproducible, constant and prolonged hyperemia by means of a overtempera-trip.
Dette formâl er if0lge opfindelsen opnâet ved, at elektroden direkte eller gennem en elektrolythinde og en membran er i kontakt med mâlestedet, at elektroden er indrettet til direkte opvarmning ved hjælp af en ved varmeledning virksom opvarmning sindretning, og at elektroden samt opvarmningsindretningen med undtagelse af ber0ringsfladen er omgivet af en kapsel.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the electrode is directly or through an electrolyte and a membrane in contact with the measuring site, that the electrode is arranged for direct heating by means of a heating conductive device and that the electrode and the heating device with the exception of the contact surface is surrounded by a capsule.
Herved opnâs, at den kutane p02-mâlemetode efter Baumber-ger et al. - princippet nu ogsâ kan anvendes kontinuerligt pâ hospitaler og lignende institutioner. Sammenlignende mâlinger mellem centrait, arterielt p02 og kutant pC>2 ved nyf0dte b0rn har vist, at der er en tydelig korrelation mellem disse to paramétré. Selv om den kutane p02-mâling ikke kan tages som en fuld-gyldig erstatning for den konventionelle p02-analyse ved fjernelse af centrait, arterielt blod, fôrdi denne korrelation ikke læn-gere er til stede i nogle undtagelsestilfælde, f.eks. ved udpræ-get perifer vasokonstriktion, sâ betyder den alligevel et væsentligt teknisk fremskridt.Hereby it is obtained that the cutaneous p02 measurement method according to Baumber-ger et al. - the principle can now also be applied continuously to hospitals and similar institutions. Comparative measurements between centrait, arterial p02 and cutaneous pC> 2 in newborn infants have shown a clear correlation between these two parameters. Although the cutaneous P02 measurement cannot be taken as a full-fledged substitute for the conventional P02 analysis by removal of centrait, arterial blood, this correlation is no longer present in some exceptional cases, e.g. by pronounced peripheral vasoconstriction, it nevertheless represents a significant technical advance.
4 DK 156285 B4 DK 156285 B
Den kutane pC^-mâling supplerer blodgasanalysen, fordi den giver mulighed for en kontinuerlig overvâgning af oxygene-ringen af nyf0dte b0rn. Denne overvâgning er særlig værdifuld i sâdanne tilfælde, hvor der kræves den hurtigst mulige information om indflydelsen af terapeutiske foranstaltninger, f.eks. ændringer i den kunstige vejrtrækning, chockbehandlinger, infusion af bicarbonat, udsugning af vejrtrækningskanalerne eller kliniske rutineforanstaltninger. Denne hurtige information om pC^-tendensen muligg0r en kvalitativ oplysning om, hvorvidt terapien er virksom og i almindelighed tillige en hurtigere observation af hypoxiske og hyperoxiske situationer.The cutaneous pC1 measurement complements the blood gas analysis because it allows for continuous monitoring of the oxygenation of newborn infants. This monitoring is particularly valuable in cases where the fastest possible information on the influence of therapeutic measures is required, e.g. changes in artificial respiration, shock treatments, bicarbonate infusion, respiratory tract suction or clinical routine measures. This rapid information on the pC ^ tendency allows qualitative information on whether the therapy is effective and, in general, faster observation of hypoxic and hyperoxic situations.
Endvidere er det særlig vigtigt, at den kutane pC^-mâling kan betyde en hjælp ved en afg0relse, hvornâr den artérielle blodudtagning skal finde sted. Herved kan hyppigheden af blod-udtagningerne nedsættes væsentligt.In addition, it is particularly important that the cutaneous pC1 measurement can help determine when arterial blood sampling should take place. This can significantly reduce the frequency of blood withdrawals.
Ved hjælp af opfindelsen muligg0res endvidere en kutan mâ-ling af blodets hydrogenindhold pâ et foretrukket mâlested, hvilket hidtil ikke har været muligt. Man har nemlig ikke kunnet anvende vasodilatatoriske præparater netop pâ det foretrukne mâlested, dvs. ved 0jets indre canthus. Bestemmelsen af hydrogen-forsyningen pâ dette mâlested kan give værdifulde oplysninger om mulige forstyrrelser i hjernens blodforsyning.The invention furthermore enables a cutaneous measurement of the blood's hydrogen content at a preferred target site, which has not hitherto been possible. It has not been possible to use vasodilatory preparations precisely at the preferred target site, ie. at 0jets inner canthus. The determination of the hydrogen supply at this site can provide valuable information on possible disorders of the brain's blood supply.
Den if0lge opfindelsen foreslâede kapsel har tre funktio-ner. Den samler aile apparatets konstruktionselementer til en enkelt byggeenhed. Ved en passende formgivning forhindrer kapse-len en diffusion af gas fra atmosfæren hen til elektroden. Ende-lig tillader kapselen en fordelagtig og varieret fastholdelses-teknik ved anbringelse af apparatet pâ huden og har derved l0st et problem, som ikke har kunnet l0ses ved den i Arch. Gynak. 207 beskrevne metode. Kapselen g0r det eksempelvis muligt, at elektroden simpelthen fikseres pâ huden ved hjælp af en selvklæbende ring.The capsule proposed according to the invention has three functions. It assembles all the structural elements of the unit into a single building unit. By appropriate shaping, the capsule prevents diffusion of gas from the atmosphere to the electrode. Finally, the capsule allows an advantageous and varied restraint technique in applying the apparatus to the skin, thereby resolving a problem which has not been solved by the one in Arch. Gynak. 207 method described. The capsule, for example, allows the electrode to simply be fixed to the skin by means of a self-adhesive ring.
Medens man ved en Finalgon-indgnidning kun har kunnet hy-peræmisere tilstrækkeligt i 1/2 til 3/4 time, kan man ved apparatet if0lge opfindelsen hyperæmisere tilstrækkeligt ogsâ ved opvarmning, hvorhos varmen kan tilf0res og reguleres sâ længe som 0nsket.While in a Finalgon rubbing it has only been possible to adequately hypermise for 1/2 to 3/4 hour, the apparatus according to the invention can sufficiently hypermise by heating, where the heat can be supplied and regulated as long as desired.
DK 156285 BDK 156285 B
55
Opfindelsen forklares i det felgende nærmere under henvis-ning til tegningen, pâ hvilken fig. 1 viser et længdesnit gennem et elektrodeapparat if0lge opfindelsen med blank elektrode til konstatering af et i blodet opl0st stof, f.eks. en gas, og fig. 2 et snit gennem en elektrode til mâling af partial- tryk.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an electrode apparatus according to the invention with a blank electrode for finding a substance dissolved in the blood, e.g. a gas, and FIG. 2 is a section through an electrode for partial pressure measurement.
Det i fig. 1 viste elektrodeapparat er navnlig bestemt til konstatering af en i blodkredsl0bet transporteret gas, f.eks. hydrogen, ved en af de indre 0jenkroge. Ved hjælp af denne elektrode kan man f.eks. mâle transporttiden for en indândet gas i blodbanen fra lungerne til 0jenkrogen. Elektroden er hurtigtarbej= dende.The FIG. 1, the electrode apparatus shown in particular is intended for detecting a gas transported in the bloodstream, e.g. hydrogen, at one of the inner hooks. By means of this electrode, for example, measure the transport time of an inhaled gas in the bloodstream from the lungs to the eye hook. The electrode is fast working.
En platinelektrode 11 er bestemt til anbringelse pâ huden i en af de indre 0jenkroge. Til dette formâl er en cylindrisk elektrode med ca. 3 mm radius og en kugleformet afrundet berorings-flade foroven hensigtsmæssig. Platinelektroden 11 er i god var-meledende forbindelse fast indsat i en kobberfatning 12. Fatningen 12 er ogsâ cylindrisk og har omtrent dobbelt sâ stor diameter som platinelektroden samt en aksial boring til optagelse af platinelektroden 11. Pâ den modsatte side af fatningen findes der en anden boring med mindre diameter, der gâr ind til i nærheden af elektroden 11. Denne anden boring tjener til optagelse af en tem-peraturmâler 14, f.eks. en termistor, og dennes ledning 17.A platinum electrode 11 is intended for application to the skin in one of the inner eye hooks. For this purpose, a cylindrical electrode of approx. 3 mm radius and a spherical rounded touch surface at the top convenient. The platinum electrode 11 is in good thermal conductivity fixedly inserted into a copper socket 12. The socket 12 is also cylindrical and has about twice the diameter as the platinum electrode as well as an axial bore for receiving the platinum electrode 11. On the opposite side of the socket there is another a smaller diameter bore extending in the vicinity of the electrode 11. This second bore serves to receive a temperature gauge 14, e.g. a thermistor and its wire 17.
I fatningen 12's yderflade er der udformet en bred omlobende fordybning, som tjener til optagelse af en varmespiral 13 af f.eks. modstandstrâd. En tilf0rselslednîng 18 til varroespiralen er fra fatningens endeflade f0rt gennem en excentrisk boring. En ledning 16 for elektrodestr0mmen er fastgjort i en anden excentrisk boring. Hele arrangementet er omgivet af en hovedsagelig cylindrisk kapsel 15 af formstof, f.eks. PVC eller nylon, som kun lader elektroden 11's spids og de pâ den modsatte side hensigtsmaessigt til et kabel samlede ledninger 16, 17 og 18 være fri.In the outer surface of the socket 12 there is formed a wide orifice groove which serves to receive a heat coil 13 of e.g. modstandstrâd. A supply line 18 to the varro coil is passed from the end surface of the socket through an eccentric bore. A lead 16 for the electrode current is attached to another eccentric bore. The entire arrangement is surrounded by a substantially cylindrical capsule 15 of resin, e.g. PVC or nylon, leaving only the tip of the electrode 11 and those on the opposite side conveniently for a cable assembled wires 16, 17 and 18 to be free.
Det i fig. 2 viste elektrodeapparat er navnlig beregnet til kvantitative partialtrykmâlinger af O2, H2 etc. pâ huden. En skiveformet platineelektrode 21 er i varmeledende forbindelse medThe FIG. The electrode apparatus shown in paragraph 2 is particularly intended for quantitative partial pressure measurements of O2, H2 etc. on the skin. A disc-shaped platinum electrode 21 is in heat conducting connection with
DK 156285 BDK 156285 B
6 en hovedsagelig cylindrisk kobberblok 22 med samme diameter som platinelektroden 21. Blokken 22's yderflade har en omlobende for-dybning til en varmespiral 23. En tilf0rselsledning 28 til var-mespiralen gâr gennem en boring, der forbinder den over for platinelektroden 21 beliggende endeflade af kobberblokken med den omlobende fordybnrig. En anden excentrisk boring i denne endeflade tjener til fastgorelse af en stremtilferselsledning 26 for elek-troden. Endvidere findes der pâ samme side af kobberblokken en aksial boring, der gâr omtrent hen til elektroden 21, og i hvilken der er anbragt en temperaturmâler 24 med ledninger 27.6 is a substantially cylindrical copper block 22 of the same diameter as the platinum electrode 21. The outer surface of the block 22 has a circumferential depression to a heat coil 23. A supply coil 28 to the heat coil passes through a bore connecting the end surface of the copper block 21 facing the platinum electrode with the orbit deep. Another eccentric bore in this end surface serves to establish a power supply line 26 for the electrode. Furthermore, on the same side of the copper block, there is an axial bore which extends approximately to the electrode 21 and in which is mounted a temperature gauge 24 with wires 27.
En som referenceelektrode tjenende solvring 29, som pâ en af sine plane flader er blevet chlorbehandlet, og som har en ind-vendig diameter, der er st0rre end platinelektrodens diameter, er anbragt pâ en sâdan mâde, at den chlorbehandlede flade ligger i samme plan som elektrodens fra kobberblokken 22 vendende flade.A solenoid 29 serving as a reference electrode, which has been chlorinated on one of its planar surfaces and having an internal diameter larger than the platinum electrode diameter, is arranged in such a way that the chlorinated surface lies in the same plane as the surface facing the electrode from the copper block 22.
En ledning 31 til solvringen forlober parallelt med ledningerne 26, 27 og 28, og de fire ledninger er hensigtsmæssigt samlet til et kabel. Hele indretningen er omgivet af en flad cylindrisk kapsel 25 af egnet formstof, f.eks. PVC, nylon eller et lignende materi-ale, hvorhos en af kapselens endeflader ligger i det af solvringen bestemte plan og lader den tilsvarende platinoverflade og den chlorbehandlede solvoverflade være fri.A wire 31 for the soldering ring runs parallel to the wires 26, 27 and 28, and the four wires are conveniently assembled into a cable. The entire device is surrounded by a flat cylindrical capsule 25 of suitable resin, e.g. PVC, nylon or a similar material, wherein one of the end faces of the capsule lies in the plane defined by the solar ring and leaves the corresponding platinum surface and the chlorinated solar surface free.
Hele denne endeflade inklusive platin- og solvchloridover-fladen er overtrukket med en elektrolythinde 32 og over hinanden dækket af en passende gasdiffusionsmembran 33, f.eks. af "Teflon"®. Den som beroringsflade for elektroden tjenende membran 33 fasthol-des af en i hovedsagen ringformet kapsel 34. For at hindre gastil-gang udefra er spalten mellem kapslerne 25 og 34 tættet ved hjælp af en O-ring 35, der er anbragt i tilsvarende ringnoter.This entire end surface including the platinum and solvents is coated with an electrolyte 32 and covered over each other by a suitable gas diffusion membrane 33, e.g. by "Teflon" ®. The membrane 33 serving as the contact surface for the electrode 33 is held by a generally annular capsule 34. To prevent gas entry from the outside, the gap between the capsules 25 and 34 is sealed by an O-ring 35 arranged in corresponding annular grooves.
Det har vist sig, at en opvarmning af huden i omrâdet for mâleelektroden til omtrent 40 til 42°C er hensigtsmæssig. En h0jere temperatur er pâ grund af en eventuel læsion af huden ikke til-râdelig. Nâr apparatet er i drift, fâr varmespiralen tilfort en strem, hvis styrke reguleres af den af temperaturmâleren registe-rede temperatur. Til dette formàl kan enhver kendt temperatur-regulator anvendes, bare den er tilstrækkelig f0lsom.It has been found that heating the skin in the area of the measuring electrode to about 40 to 42 ° C is appropriate. A higher temperature is not advisable due to a possible lesion of the skin. When the appliance is in operation, the heat coil is supplied with a current, the strength of which is regulated by the temperature recorded by the temperature meter. For this purpose, any known temperature controller can be used, provided it is sufficiently sensitive.
DK 156285 BDK 156285 B
77
Elektrodeapparatet if0lge opfindelsen er særlig hensigts-mæssigt, idet det muliggor en hyperæmisering af væv og hud i mâ-leomrâdet uden anvendelse af hyperæmiserende præparater. Dette har navnlig betydning, nâr der skal mâles pâ steder af kroppen, hvor anvendelse af disse præparater er problematisk. Ogsâ ved forebyggende masseundersoç^lser er det til stor fordel, at de personer, som skal undersoges, ikke behover at blive behandlet, inden mâlingerne foretages.The electrode apparatus according to the invention is particularly suitable as it allows the hyperemization of tissues and skin in the target area without the use of hyperemizing preparations. This is particularly important when measuring at sites of the body where the use of these preparations is problematic. Also, in preventive mass surveys, it is of great benefit that the persons to be examined do not need to be treated before the measurements are taken.
En anden væsentlig fordel er, at man pâ grund af den hojere, stabiliserede arbejdstemperatur opnâr en betydeligt mere stabil elektrodereaktion og sâledes en bedre mâling, da svingninger i omgivelsernes temperatur, dvs. temperaturen af omgivelserne og/-eller huden, ikke fâr nogen indflydelse.Another significant advantage is that, due to the higher, stabilized working temperature, a significantly more stable electrode reaction is obtained and thus a better measurement, since fluctuations in ambient temperature, ie. the temperature of the environment and / or the skin has no influence.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1454470A CH530006A (en) | 1970-10-01 | 1970-10-01 | Electrode arrangement |
| CH1454470 | 1970-10-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK156285B true DK156285B (en) | 1989-07-24 |
| DK156285C DK156285C (en) | 1990-02-26 |
Family
ID=4401701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK477371A DK156285C (en) | 1970-10-01 | 1971-09-30 | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OR PARTIAL PRESSURE OF A BLOOD GAS DIRECTLY ON THE SURFACE OF A LIVE BEING. |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US3795239A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5112199B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT313480B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU463724B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE773307A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1008931A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH530006A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS158566B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2145400C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK156285C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES395581A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2110906A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1312169A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL37643A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL152084B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO130779B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE373952C (en) |
Families Citing this family (55)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3912614A (en) * | 1972-01-10 | 1975-10-14 | Int Biophysics Corp | Sensor |
| USRE30317E (en) * | 1972-11-15 | 1980-07-01 | Hellige Gmbh | Method and apparatus for determining the perfusion efficiency factor of animal tissue |
| DE2255879B2 (en) * | 1972-11-15 | 1976-05-26 | L. Eschweiler & Co, 2300 Kiel | DEVICE FOR PERCUTANALLY DETERMINATION OF PERFUSION EFFICIENCY |
| DE2305049C2 (en) * | 1973-02-02 | 1984-10-25 | L. Eschweiler & Co, 2300 Kiel | Device for measuring the pH value of blood |
| CH585907A5 (en) * | 1973-08-06 | 1977-03-15 | Hoffmann La Roche | |
| DE2347779A1 (en) * | 1973-09-22 | 1975-04-10 | Eschweiler & Co | FAST BLOOD GAS MEASUREMENT |
| GB1504693A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1978-03-22 | Nat Res Dev | Ion selective electrodes |
| GB1509174A (en) * | 1974-04-05 | 1978-04-26 | Searle & Co | Device for measuring blood gases |
| GB1506048A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1978-04-05 | Siemens Ag | Electrode assembly for polarographic investigation |
| US4129478A (en) * | 1974-08-01 | 1978-12-12 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Method for measuring substrate concentrations |
| US4041932A (en) * | 1975-02-06 | 1977-08-16 | Fostick Moshe A | Method for monitoring blood gas tension and pH from outside the body |
| DE2506175B2 (en) * | 1975-02-14 | 1981-06-04 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Percutaneous blood alcohol meter |
| US4033330A (en) * | 1975-09-08 | 1977-07-05 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Transcutaneous pH measuring instrument |
| DE2617766A1 (en) * | 1976-04-23 | 1978-01-19 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | ARRANGEMENT FOR OXYGEN MEASUREMENT |
| DK139895B (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1979-05-14 | Radiometer As | Electrochemical measuring electrode for transcutaneous measurement. |
| DE2640987C3 (en) * | 1976-09-11 | 1982-06-09 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Transducer for the transcutaneous measurement of gases in the blood |
| US4296752A (en) * | 1976-09-24 | 1981-10-27 | Johnson & Johnson | Transcutaneous oxygen sensor with adjacent heater |
| JPS5950863B2 (en) * | 1976-10-08 | 1984-12-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Air-fuel ratio control method and device |
| GB1587880A (en) * | 1976-12-29 | 1981-04-08 | Hagihara B | Oxygen measuring electrode assembly |
| GB2005418B (en) * | 1977-07-26 | 1982-04-21 | Searle & Co | Electrochemical sensor system |
| DE2737709C3 (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1982-11-04 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen | Arrangement and method for the transcutaneous determination of the perfusion efficiency |
| GB2003275B (en) * | 1977-08-24 | 1982-05-19 | Hagihara B | Oxygen measuring electrode assembly |
| NL7801869A (en) * | 1978-02-20 | 1979-08-22 | Philips Nv | DEVICE FOR TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF BLOOD PARTIAL OXYGEN PRESSURE. |
| DK143246C (en) * | 1978-03-28 | 1981-11-30 | Radiometer As | ELECTRIC DEVICE FOR TRANSCUTAN P (CO2) MEASUREMENT |
| JPS5613934Y2 (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1981-04-01 | ||
| DE2836868B2 (en) * | 1978-08-23 | 1980-06-19 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Measurement transducers, especially for determining the partial pressure of dissolved gases |
| US4207161A (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1980-06-10 | Cambridge Instrument Company, Inc. | Dissolved oxygen analyzer |
| DE2911601C2 (en) * | 1979-03-24 | 1982-05-13 | Hellige Gmbh, 7800 Freiburg | Measured value recorder for physiological measured variables with a device for electrical heating |
| US4273134A (en) * | 1979-05-22 | 1981-06-16 | Biochem International Inc. | Fixation ring assembly and method of assembling a sensor head |
| US4280505A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-07-28 | Novametrix Medical Systems, Inc. | Fixation ring for transcutaneous gas sensor probe |
| US4401122A (en) * | 1979-08-02 | 1983-08-30 | Children's Hospital Medical Center | Cutaneous methods of measuring body substances |
| US4467811A (en) * | 1979-08-02 | 1984-08-28 | Children's Hospital Medical Center | Method of polarographic analysis of lactic acid and lactate |
| US4458686A (en) * | 1979-08-02 | 1984-07-10 | Children's Hospital Medical Center | Cutaneous methods of measuring body substances |
| US4303076A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1981-12-01 | Air Shields, Inc. | Probe for transcutaneous sampling |
| US4450842A (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1984-05-29 | Cordis Corporation | Solid state reference electrode |
| US4312332A (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1982-01-26 | Cordis Corporation | Oxygen sensing |
| US4439679A (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1984-03-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Transcutaneous gas tension measurement using a dual sampling chamber and gas analysis system |
| EP0077073B1 (en) * | 1981-10-13 | 1989-08-09 | Radiometer A/S | Method for transcutaneous measurement of a blood parameter and an electrochemical measuring electrode device for carrying out the method |
| DE3232515A1 (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1984-03-01 | Hellige Gmbh, 7800 Freiburg | ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR FOR TRANSCUTANE MEASUREMENT OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE PARTIAL PRESSURE OF A LIVING BEING |
| US4535778A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1985-08-20 | Ancet Corporation | Method and apparatus for detecting blood gas |
| US4586149A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1986-04-29 | Sensormedics Corporation | Temperature control system for cutaneous gas monitor |
| JPS60162950A (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1985-08-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method for fitting gas transmission film of gas sensor |
| US4615340A (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1986-10-07 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Sensor assembly suitable for blood gas analysis and the like and the method of use |
| EP0248304A3 (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1989-08-23 | Kontron Instruments Holding N.V. | Electrodes arrangement |
| EP0267978B1 (en) | 1986-11-17 | 1991-08-28 | PPG Hellige GmbH | Combination sensor for the transcutaneous detection of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood |
| US4805122A (en) * | 1986-12-31 | 1989-02-14 | Sensormedics Corporation | Temperature control system for cutaneous gas monitor |
| WO1989006989A1 (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Iontophoretic non-invasive sampling or delivery device |
| US5402777A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1995-04-04 | Alza Corporation | Methods and devices for facilitated non-invasive oxygen monitoring |
| US8088097B2 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2012-01-03 | Glumetrics, Inc. | Use of an equilibrium intravascular sensor to achieve tight glycemic control |
| JP2010517693A (en) | 2007-02-06 | 2010-05-27 | グルメトリクス， インコーポレイテッド | Optical system and method for ratiometric measurement of blood glucose concentration |
| WO2008141241A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-20 | Glumetrics, Inc. | Equilibrium non-consuming fluorescence sensor for real time intravascular glucose measurement |
| WO2009129186A2 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Glumetrics, Inc. | Sensor for percutaneous intravascular deployment without an indwelling cannula |
| JP2013506503A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2013-02-28 | グルメトリクス， インコーポレイテッド | Sensor with antithrombogenic coating |
| US8467843B2 (en) | 2009-11-04 | 2013-06-18 | Glumetrics, Inc. | Optical sensor configuration for ratiometric correction of blood glucose measurement |
| US20110152658A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | Glumetrics, Inc. | Identification of aberrant measurements of in vivo glucose concentration using temperature |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3357910A (en) * | 1964-12-08 | 1967-12-12 | Corning Glass Works | Electrode structure including temperature control means |
| DK113944B (en) * | 1963-11-05 | 1969-05-12 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrode for use in detecting weak electrical signals from the skin of a living being. |
| DE2006682A1 (en) * | 1969-02-14 | 1970-09-03 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Polarography probe |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2886771A (en) * | 1955-06-14 | 1959-05-12 | George A Rubissow | Fluid-testing device |
| US3000805A (en) * | 1957-08-30 | 1961-09-19 | Walter G Finch | Electrode measuring device |
| US3325378A (en) * | 1964-04-10 | 1967-06-13 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrochemical method and apparatus for measuring hydrogen content |
| US3461856A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1969-08-19 | American Optical Corp | Oximeters |
| US3468781A (en) * | 1966-06-17 | 1969-09-23 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrochemical cell with hydrogen permeable barrier |
| US3507283A (en) * | 1967-10-11 | 1970-04-21 | Univ Northwestern | Cryosurgical instrument |
| US3507146A (en) * | 1968-02-09 | 1970-04-21 | Webb James E | Method and system for respiration analysis |
| US3659586A (en) * | 1969-05-20 | 1972-05-02 | Univ Johns Hopkins | Percutaneous carbon dioxide sensor and process for measuring pulmonary efficiency |
| US3628525A (en) * | 1969-06-19 | 1971-12-21 | American Optical Corp | Blood oxygenation and pulse rate monitoring apparatus |
-
1970
- 1970-10-01 CH CH1454470A patent/CH530006A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-08-25 GB GB3989871A patent/GB1312169A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-08-31 CS CS623671A patent/CS158566B2/cs unknown
- 1971-09-01 AU AU32965/71A patent/AU463724B2/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-02 US US00177231A patent/US3795239A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-09-02 IL IL37643A patent/IL37643A/en unknown
- 1971-09-08 AT AT778971A patent/AT313480B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-09-10 DE DE2145400A patent/DE2145400C3/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-14 CA CA122,785A patent/CA1008931A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-22 NL NL717113018A patent/NL152084B/en unknown
- 1971-09-24 SE SE7112137A patent/SE373952C/en unknown
- 1971-09-30 NO NO713601A patent/NO130779B/no unknown
- 1971-09-30 JP JP46076804A patent/JPS5112199B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-09-30 BE BE773307A patent/BE773307A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-09-30 ES ES395581A patent/ES395581A1/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-30 DK DK477371A patent/DK156285C/en active
- 1971-10-01 FR FR7135509A patent/FR2110906A5/fr not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-01-18 US US06/870,392 patent/USRE31440E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK113944B (en) * | 1963-11-05 | 1969-05-12 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrode for use in detecting weak electrical signals from the skin of a living being. |
| US3357910A (en) * | 1964-12-08 | 1967-12-12 | Corning Glass Works | Electrode structure including temperature control means |
| DE2006682A1 (en) * | 1969-02-14 | 1970-09-03 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Polarography probe |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT313480B (en) | 1974-02-25 |
| SE373952B (en) | 1975-02-17 |
| CS158566B2 (en) | 1974-11-25 |
| DE2145400C3 (en) | 1985-06-05 |
| DE2145400B2 (en) | 1980-08-28 |
| NL7113018A (en) | 1972-04-05 |
| GB1312169A (en) | 1973-04-04 |
| AU3296571A (en) | 1973-03-08 |
| CH530006A (en) | 1972-10-31 |
| BE773307A (en) | 1972-03-30 |
| SE373952C (en) | 1979-08-02 |
| DK156285C (en) | 1990-02-26 |
| FR2110906A5 (en) | 1972-06-02 |
| CA1008931A (en) | 1977-04-19 |
| USRE31440E (en) | 1983-11-15 |
| IL37643A0 (en) | 1971-11-29 |
| NL152084B (en) | 1977-01-17 |
| IL37643A (en) | 1974-09-10 |
| US3795239A (en) | 1974-03-05 |
| AU463724B2 (en) | 1975-08-07 |
| NO130779B (en) | 1974-10-28 |
| DE2145400A1 (en) | 1972-04-06 |
| JPS5112199B1 (en) | 1976-04-16 |
| ES395581A1 (en) | 1975-11-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DK156285B (en) | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OR PARTIAL PRESSURE OF A BLOOD GAS DIRECTLY ON THE SURFACE OF A LIVE BEING. | |
| Huch et al. | Transcutaneous measurement of blood Po2 (tcPo2)—method and application in perinatal medicine | |
| Sonner et al. | The microfluidics of the eccrine sweat gland, including biomarker partitioning, transport, and biosensing implications | |
| Cater et al. | Apparatus and technique for the quantitative measurement of oxygen tension in living tissues | |
| US9700245B2 (en) | Transdermal analyte extraction and detection system and the method thereof | |
| US3918434A (en) | Method and apparatus for determining the perfusion efficiency factor of animal tissue | |
| DE3279860D1 (en) | Method for transcutaneous measurement of a blood parameter and an electrochemical measuring electrode device for carrying out the method | |
| JP2005528156A (en) | Apparatus for contacting a tissue surface within a patient's body to measure the patient's physiological parameters and method for measuring the patient's physiological parameters | |
| JPH10506293A (en) | Ion introduction sampling apparatus and method | |
| EP3169232B1 (en) | Intermittent measuring of the partial pressure of an analyte in the skin tissue | |
| US20100010328A1 (en) | Probes and sensors for ascertaining blood characteristics and methods and devices for use therewith | |
| JP2009528121A (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring parameters related to electrochemical processes | |
| DK143246B (en) | ELECTRICAL DEVICE FOR TRANSCUTAN P (CO2) MEASUREMENT | |
| Huch et al. | Transcutaneous, noninvasive monitoring of pO2 | |
| KR20190085478A (en) | Apparatus for sampling one or more analytes | |
| JPH0450009B2 (en) | ||
| US3497442A (en) | Fluid testing device | |
| Lin et al. | A noninvasive wearable device for real-time monitoring of secretion sweat pressure by digital display | |
| KR20090061420A (en) | Pen typed device for measuring physiological signal | |
| Whitehead et al. | Transcutaneous estimation of arterial PO2 and PCO2 in newborn infants with a single electrochemical sensor | |
| Mendelson et al. | Noninvasive transcutaneous monitoring of arterial blood gases | |
| JPWO2006077750A1 (en) | Analytical apparatus and analyte extraction cartridge | |
| JPS6331638A (en) | Non-invasion biochemical substance measuring apparatus | |
| Rithalia et al. | Measurement of transcutaneous PCO2 in critically ill patients | |
| De Boer et al. | Microdialysis probe for transcutaneous monitoring of ethanol and glucose in humans |