DK155753B

DK155753B - GRAVESKOVL

Info

Publication number: DK155753B
Application number: DK371980AA
Authority: DK
Inventors: Lars Engkvist
Original assignee: Soneruds Maskin Ab
Priority date: 1979-01-03
Filing date: 1980-09-01
Publication date: 1989-05-08
Also published as: SE428138B; EP0023495B1; HK48684A; FI800019A; FI64213B; NO149781B; WO1980001393A1; DK155753C; SG36084G; NO149781C; SE7900040L; EP0023495A1; NO802484L; FI64213C; DK371980A; MY8500522A; DE3064341D1

Description

DK 155753BDK 155753B

Opfindelsen angår en graveskovl af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a digging shovel of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

I britisk patentskrift nr. 1 070 877 er beskrevet et gribeværktøj med to kløer eller kloagtige arme, som er 5 monteret svingbart imod og bort fra hinanden. Disse to kloarme er forholdsvis lange og monteret direkte på skovldelens overside på en sådan måde, at et stort parti af hver arm hele tiden rager ud over skovlåbningen. Dette indebærer i praksis, at skovlaggregatet 10 ikke kan anvendes til graveformål, idet de lange, udra gende armpartier vil forhindre skovldelens drejning til normal udgangsstilling for gravning og ved deres placering umiddelbart på skovldelens overside umuliggøre eller i hvert fald vanskeliggøre aggregatets til-15 slutning til sådanne gravearme, som normalt anvendes på gravemaskiner. Som armene ligger helt ubeskyttet uden på skovldelen, vil de også blive udsat for betydelig slitage og skadelige påvirkninger.British Patent Specification No. 1,070,877 discloses a gripping tool with two claws or claw-like arms which are 5 pivotally mounted against and away from each other. These two claw arms are relatively long and mounted directly on the upper side of the blade part in such a way that a large portion of each arm constantly protrudes beyond the blade opening. This means in practice that the bucket unit 10 cannot be used for digging purposes, as the long, protruding arm portions will prevent the bucket part from turning to the normal starting position for digging and by placing it immediately on the top of the bucket part make it impossible or at least difficult to connect the unit to such digging arms as are normally used on excavators. As the arms lie completely unprotected on the outside of the blade part, they will also be exposed to significant wear and tear and harmful influences.

Opfindelsen har til formål at angive en sådan udform-20 ning af en graveskovl af den omhandlede art, at gri beværktøj et ikke frembyder hindringer for den normale graveproces.The object of the invention is to provide such a design of an excavating shovel of the type in question that gripping tools do not present obstacles to the normal excavation process.

Dette formål opnås ved, at graveskovlen er udformet som angivet i krav 1's kendetegnende del, idet denne 25 placering af gribeværktøjet tillader skovlen at an bringes i enhver af de stillinger, der normalt forekommer ved gravning, ude at gribeværktøjet selv bliver udsat for skadelige påvirkninger.This object is achieved in that the digging bucket is designed as stated in the characterizing part of claim 1, this placement of the gripping tool allowing the bucket to be placed in any of the positions which normally occur during excavation, without the gripping tool itself being exposed to harmful influences.

Ved den i krav 2 angivne udformning opnås en forøget 30 sikkerhed mod, at gribeværktøjet udsættes for stød og slag.With the design specified in claim 2, an increased safety is obtained against the gripping tool being exposed to shocks and blows.

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22

Ved at graveskovlen er udformet som angivet i krav 3 opnås dels en forenkling og billiggørelse, dels automatisk centrering af en mellem kløerne grebet genstand.Because the digging shovel is designed as stated in claim 3, a simplification and reduction is achieved, partly an automatic centering of an object gripped between the claws.

Den i krav 4 angivne konstruktion bevirker dels, at 5 kløerne ikke støder imod hinanden, dels at den grebne genstand holdes vinkelret på kløerne.The construction specified in claim 4 causes the claws not to collide with each other, and the gripped object is kept perpendicular to the claws.

Ved den i krav 5 angivne udformning af kløernes gribe-overflader opnås en stor anlægsflade mellem disse og den grebne genstand uanset dennes diameter.With the design of the gripping surfaces of the claws specified in claim 5, a large abutment surface is obtained between these and the gripped object, regardless of its diameter.

10 Opfindelsen skal i det følgende nærmere beskrives med henvisning til tegningen, som viser en som eksempel anført udførelsesform ifølge opfindelsen, og hvorpå: fig. 1 er et delvis forenklet perspektivisk billede af et skovlaggregat ifølge opfindelsen set skråt forfra, 15 fig. 2 er et plant snit gennem aggregatet i fig. 1, hvorved omhandlede gribeværktøj ses i sin inaktive stilling, og fig. 3 er et tilsvarende snit, som viser gribeværktøjet i den aktive stilling.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which shows an exemplary embodiment according to the invention, and in which: fig. 1 is a partially simplified perspective view of a forest aggregate according to the invention seen obliquely from the front, fig. 2 is a plan view through the assembly of FIG. 1, in which the gripping tool in question is seen in its inactive position, and fig. 3 is a corresponding section showing the gripping tool in the active position.

20 I fig· 1 betegner 1 generelt en skovl til en gravemaskine.In Fig. 1, 1 generally denotes a shovel for an excavator.

Skovlen er på konventionel måde udformet med et skråt opad-fremad forløbende bundstykke 2, et forstykke 3» to sidestykker 4 samt et overstykke 5. I retning bagud har skovlen en på tegningen ikke synlig åbning, som er betegnet 6.The bucket is formed in a conventional manner with a bottom piece 2 extending obliquely upwards, a front piece 3, two side pieces 4 and a top piece 5. In the rearward direction the bucket has an opening not visible in the drawing, which is designated 6.

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33

Skovlen har et generelt med 7 betegnet fæste, som på passende måde kan tilsluttes til den frie ende af gravemaskinens arm (ikke vist), i forhold til hvilken skovlen er drejelig på almindelig måde.The bucket has a bracket generally designated 7, which can be suitably connected to the free end of the excavator arm (not shown), in relation to which the bucket is rotatable in the usual way.

5 Skovlen eller skovldelen 1 omfatter et generelt med 9 betegnet gribeværktøj, som i det viste eksempel består af to kløer 10, 11, som er ledforbundet i forhold til skovlen og svingelige mod og bort fra hinanden under dannelse af en kæbe med varierende størrelse. Nærmere bestemt er gribe-10 værktøjet 9 placeret i skovlens 1 overdel med gribekløeme 10, 11 rettet i det væsentlige fremad fra skovlen, eller med andre ord vendt i hovedsagen diametralt modsat den omhandlede åbning 6 i skovlen.The shovel or shovel part 1 comprises a gripping tool, generally referred to as 9, which in the example shown consists of two claws 10, 11, which are articulated relative to the shovel and pivotable towards and away from each other to form a jaw of varying size. More specifically, the gripping tool 9 is located in the upper part of the bucket 1 with the gripping claws 10, 11 directed substantially forwards from the bucket, or in other words facing substantially diametrically opposite the opening 6 in the bucket in question.

Ifølge opfindelsen er gribeværktøjet 9 indbygget i et 15 beskyttende hus i form af en kasse 12, der som en enhed er monterbar i eller på skovlen. Skovlen kan enten udgøres af en allerede fremstillet, i brug værende skovl eller en nyfremstillet skovl. I det første tilfælde gives to alternative muligheder til at montere kassen 12 på 20 skovlen. Enten indføres kassen i det indre af skovlen, hvorved et passende parti af forstykket 3 skæres bort for at tillade udfældning af kløeme 10, 11, eller omhandlede fæste 7 bortskæres fra skovlen, hvorefter kassen 12, fortrinsvis ved svejsning, fastgøres på over-25 siden af skovlens overstykke, hvorpå fæstet 7 endelig anbringes ovenpå selve kassen. I det sidste tilfælde opnås fordel ved, at kassen ikke lægger beslag på skovlens effektive volumen. Som det måske bedst fremgår af fig. 2, er kassen 12 helt lukket med undtagelse af den med 8 be-30 tegnede åbning, gennem hvilke de to kløer 10, 11, som danner værktøjet 9, er bevægelig mellem deres aktive og inaktive stilling.According to the invention, the gripping tool 9 is built into a protective housing in the form of a box 12 which can be mounted as a unit in or on the bucket. The shovel can either consist of an already manufactured, in use shovel or a newly manufactured shovel. In the first case, two alternative options are provided for mounting the box 12 on the 20 bucket. Either the box is inserted into the interior of the vane, whereby a suitable portion of the front piece 3 is cut away to allow precipitation of the claws 10, 11, or the present bracket 7 is cut away from the vane, after which the box 12, preferably by welding, is attached to the upper side. of the top of the bucket, on which the bracket 7 is finally placed on top of the box itself. In the latter case, the advantage is obtained that the box does not seize the effective volume of the bucket. As is perhaps best seen in FIG. 2, the box 12 is completely closed with the exception of the opening designated 8, through which the two claws 10, 11, which form the tool 9, are movable between their active and inactive positions.

I fig. 1 vises hvorledes de to kløer 10, 11 er svingelige omkring hver sit lodrette led eller aksel henholds-35 vis 13 og 14, som strækker sig imellem kassens 12 tag og bund, og som passende er let demonterbare, f.eks. vedIn FIG. 1 shows how the two claws 10, 11 are pivotable about their respective vertical joints or shafts 13 and 14, respectively, which extend between the roof and bottom of the box 12 and which are suitably easily disassembled, e.g. by

DK 155753BDK 155753B

4 hjælp af Seeger-ringe (ikke vist). Endvidere fremgår det, hvorledes kloen 10 omfatter to langs akselen 13 temmelig vidt adskilte dele eller halvdele 15, 16, mellem hvilke den anden klo 11 i sin helhed kan indføres ved svingning 5 af kløeme mod hinanden. I det viste eksempel er kloen 11 sammensat af to indbyrdes adskilte dele 17 og 18, som giver god gribe- og tilbageholdelsesevne i sammenhæng med en langstrakt gribegenstand, som lokaliseres mellem kløerne i retning parallelt med akserne 13, 14. Af fig.4 using Seeger rings (not shown). Furthermore, it appears how the claw 10 comprises two rather widely separated parts or halves 15, 16 along the shaft 13, between which the second claw 11 can be inserted in its entirety by pivoting 5 the claws towards each other. In the example shown, the claw 11 is composed of two mutually separated parts 17 and 18, which provide good gripping and restraining ability in connection with an elongated gripping object, which is located between the claws in the direction parallel to the axes 13, 14. From fig.

I o 2 og 3 fremgår, hvorledes kløeme 10, 11 er ledforbundet med led 19, som igen er ledforbundet med et for de to kløer fælles åg 20. Dette er på sin side ledforbundet med den frie ende af stempelstangen 21 til en med 22 betegnet stempel-cylindermekanls.me af hydraulisk, 15 dobbeltvirkende type. Ved sin fra stempelstangen 21 fjerneste ende er denne stempel-cylindermekanisme styret ophængt ved en tredje fast ledaksel 23, som i det viste eksempel er anbragt i et særligt, fra kassen 12 udragende fæste 24. Cylinderen til mekanismen 22 er via to hydraulik- 2o ledninger 25, 26 (hvoraf kun den førstnævnte ses i fig. l) tilsluttet til hydrauliksystemet eller drivkilden ved omhandlede gravemaskine. På den måde kan stempel-cylinder-mekanismen og dermed gribeværktøjet 9 styres fra førerpladsen for gravemaskinen.Figures 2 and 3 show how the claws 10, 11 are articulated with joints 19, which in turn are articulated with a yoke 20 common to the two claws. This in turn is articulated with the free end of the piston rod 21 to one designated 22 piston-cylinder mekanls.me of hydraulic, 15 double-acting type. At its farthest end from the piston rod 21, this piston-cylinder mechanism is controlled suspended by a third fixed articulated shaft 23, which in the example shown is arranged in a special bracket 24 projecting from the box 12. The cylinder for the mechanism 22 is via two hydraulic lines. 25, 26 (of which only the former is seen in Fig. 1) connected to the hydraulic system or drive source of the excavator in question. In this way, the piston-cylinder mechanism and thus the gripping tool 9 can be controlled from the driver's seat of the excavator.

25 Af fig. 3 fremgår, hvorledes kløemes eller klodelenes gribeoverflader 27 har bueform med successiv voksende radius i retning mod kløernes frie ender. På en sådan måde opnås et godt greb om en løftegenstand-28, f.eks. pæl, med meget varierende tværsnitsdimensioner.From FIG. 3 shows how the gripping surfaces 27 of the claws or claw parts have an arcuate shape with successively growing radius in the direction of the free ends of the claws. In such a way a good grip on a lifting object-28 is obtained, e.g. pile, with very varying cross-sectional dimensions.

30 Det skal også påpeges, at stempel-cylindermekanismen 22 på konventionel måde med fordel kan være udstyret med såkaldt "slangebrudsventiler", dvs. sikkerhedsventiler, som sikrer, at stempelstangen 21 bliver stående i en bestemt stilling, i hvilken gribeværktøjet beholder sit greb om den omhandlede genstand, også i det tilfælde, hvor der opstår brud eller lækage i nogen af ledningerne 25, 26.It should also be pointed out that the piston-cylinder mechanism 22 can in an conventional manner be advantageously equipped with so-called "hose break valves", i.e. safety valves which ensure that the piston rod 21 remains in a certain position in which the gripping tool retains its grip on the object in question, even in the event of a breakage or leakage in any of the lines 25, 26.

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Den beskrevne skovl arbejder på følgende måde. Når skovlen 1 benyttes til sit egentlige formål, dvs. gravning, holdes kløerne 10, 11 indskudt i skovlens eller kassens 12 indre i den i fig. 2 viste inaktive stilling. I denne tilstand 5 udgør kløerne slet ingen hindring for skovlen under dennes gravearbejde. Indskydningen af kløerne sikres ved, at stempelstangen 21 skydes ind i den aller inderste stilling, som via åget 20 og leddene 19 medfører, at kløerne svinges omkring deres respektive aksler 13, 14 til de i fig. 2 10 viste stillinger.The described bucket works in the following manner. When the bucket 1 is used for its actual purpose, ie. digging, the claws 10, 11 are kept inserted into the interior of the bucket or box 12 in the manner shown in fig. 2 inactive position. In this condition 5 the claws do not at all constitute an obstacle for the bucket during its digging work. The insertion of the claws is ensured by the piston rod 21 being pushed into the very innermost position, which via the yoke 20 and the joints 19 causes the claws to be pivoted about their respective shafts 13, 14 to the positions shown in fig. 2 10 positions shown.

Så snart der er behov for at gribe en genstand, f.eks. en belysnings- eller ledningsstolpe efter afsluttet gravning af et hul til denne, kan kløerne 10, 11 aktiveres ved, at stempelstangen skydes frem fra sin cylinder 15 under udfoldning af kløerne fra skovlens skålformede over flade til den i fig. 3 viste stilling. Herved kan genstanden eller stolpen 28 gribes imellem kløerne 10, 11 ved, at stempelstangen 21 påny trækkes ind i cylinderen, hvilket medfører, at kløerne svinges og bringes til anlæg mod 20 stolpen 28 under fastpresning af denne i den kæbe, som kløerne danner. Som vist i fig. 3 kommer stolpen 28 også til at ligge an mod skovlaggregatets frontdel, eller nærmere bestemt mod de elementer, som afgrænser beskyttelseskassens 12 forreste åbning 8. I denne tilstand kan 25 stolpen let rejses, ved at hele skovlen på i og for sig kendt måde svinges eller drejes i forhold til gravemaskin-armen, indtil stolpen bar indtaget lodret stilling, i hvilken den fastholdes under forankringsarbejdet.As soon as there is a need to grab an object, e.g. a lighting or wire post after completion of digging a hole therefor, the claws 10, 11 can be activated by pushing the piston rod forward from its cylinder 15 while unfolding the claws from the bowl-shaped surface over to the surface shown in fig. 3 shown position. Hereby the object or post 28 can be gripped between the claws 10, 11 by the piston rod 21 being pulled back into the cylinder, which causes the claws to be swung and brought into abutment against the post 28 while pressing it into the jaw which the claws form. As shown in FIG. 3, the post 28 will also abut against the front part of the forest unit, or more specifically against the elements which delimit the front opening 8 of the protective box 12. In this state, the post can be easily raised by pivoting the entire bucket in a manner known per se or rotate relative to the excavator arm until the post has assumed a vertical position in which it is held during the anchoring work.

Det er givet, at aggregatet ifølge opfindelsen i og for 30 sig er anvendeligt ikke blot i sammenhæng med netop grave maskiner, men også i forbindelse med eksempelvis lastmaskiner, som anvender skovle. Endvidere kan opfindelsen anvendes til at gribe en anden genstand end netop belys-It is a given that the unit according to the invention is in itself useful not only in connection with precisely digging machines, but also in connection with, for example, loaders which use shovels. Furthermore, the invention can be used to grip an object other than the one just illuminated.

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6 ningsstolper, f.eks. søjler, bjælker, plader eller andet. Ligeledes kan gribeværktøjet have en anden udformning end netop det viste værktøj. Således er det tænkeligt, at give kløerne 10 og 11 en sådan form, at de i deres ind-5 skudte, inaktive tilstand sammenfoldet i det væsentlige helt udfylder åbningen 8 i kassen 12 under dannelse af en effektiv hindring mod indtrængning af jord i kassens indre under gravearbejdet. Ved en anden udførelse s form er det muligt at vende stempel-cylindermekanismen 22 10 således, at dens faste drejeaksel 23 lokaliseres i nær heden af kassens 12 åbne ende, mens åget 20 lokaliseres til kassens lukkede ende, hvorved tilslutningen af gribe-kløeme 10, 11 til åget 20 sker via led, som er betydelig længere end de på tegningen viste led 19, og 15 som strækker sig i det væsentlige parallelt med cylinde ren 22.6 ning poles, e.g. columns, beams, slabs or other. Likewise, the gripping tool may have a different design than the tool shown. Thus, it is conceivable to give the claws 10 and 11 such a shape that, in their interposed, inactive state, folded together substantially completely fills the opening 8 in the box 12, forming an effective barrier against penetration of soil into the interior of the box. during the excavation work. In another embodiment, it is possible to turn the piston-cylinder mechanism 22 10 so that its fixed pivot shaft 23 is located in the vicinity of the open end of the box 12, while the yoke 20 is located to the closed end of the box, whereby the connection of the gripping claws 10, 11 to the yoke 20 takes place via joints which are considerably longer than the joints 19 shown in the drawing, and 15 which extend substantially parallel to the cylinder 22.

Claims

Excavating shovel with a shovel part (1) and a gripping tool (9) consisting of two claws (10, 11) pivotally mounted away from each other and which are arranged to grip and hold any object (28) relative to the shovel , 5 such as a post, a column or a beam, where the gripping tool (9) in its active gripping position (fig. 3) projects in the direction away from an opening (6) in the bucket part (1) past a front piece (3) on it and grips said object (28), characterized in that the gripping tool in its passive, non-gripping position (Fig. 2) does not protrude substantially past the front piece (3) or side pieces (4) of the bucket.

Excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that a gripping tool (9) is built into a box-shaped protective housing (12) with an open side (8), through which the tool can be pushed forward and retracted.

Excavating shovel according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gripping tool (9) comprises two claws (10, 11) pivotally mounted towards and away from one another, which are thus connected via articulation means (19, 20) to one of the two 20 claws common maneuvering mechanism (22) that during the work it constantly transmits substantially uniform maneuvering movements to the two claws.

Excavator according to claim 3, characterized in that one claw (10) comprises two parts (15, 16) separated in the direction along the pivot axis (13) of the claw 25, between which the other claw (11) is completely or partially displaceable by swinging the claws in the direction of each other.

Excavating shovel according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the claws have arcuate gripping surfaces (27) with a radius increasing in the direction of the free ends of the claws.