DK152925B - ADDITIVE TO LIQUID FUEL - Google Patents

Description

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DK 152925B

The invention relates to a liquid fuel additive such as fuel oil, gas oil and diesel fuel including motor diesel.

For a number of years, efforts have been made to find suitable 5 agents that, when added to liquid fuel, improve combustion, reduce corrosion damage and reduce the accumulation of impurities in the system.

Since then, considerable quantities of liquid fuel additives have been sold and consumed over many years, but the effects obtained have unfortunately not been satisfactory.

However, some soot and oil coke reducing effect has been achieved with certain metals.

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In order to reduce sulfuric acid formation and thus corrosion, it is advantageous to work with a very small excess of air. A further reason to strive for the combustion of oils with a very low excess of air is that the efficiency is thereby substantially improved. Unfortunately, a low excess air causes the formation of soot and coke in large quantities.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and better additive than the known ones and which, with economic gain 25 for the users, improves combustion and thus efficiency, reduces the accumulation and deposition of impurities in the combustion system, reduces environmentally harmful emissions and reduces corrosion damage caused by acidic components, such as sulfuric acid.

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This is achieved by means of a liquid fuel additive according to the invention, characterized in that it contains: 1) manganese salts of aliphatic acids, 2) high boiling tar oil and 3) naphthalene

DK 152925B

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2 4) ferric naphthenate, 5) ferric chloride and 6) calcium salts of aliphatic acids.

Examples of usable manganese salts include manganese salts of branched aliphatic acids having 8-9 carbon atoms, such as Mangan Siccatol® from Akzo Chemie, containing approx.

10% Mn, 61 - 67% non volatile material and 35% mineral turpentine or "Nuodex® Dryer Manganese".

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As an example of a suitable iron naphthenate preparation may be mentioned "Nuodex® Dryer Iron".

Examples of suitable high boiling tar oils may be those containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as anthracene oil. When heating anthracene oil, 40% distills in the temperature range 330-400 ° C. The flash point of anthracene oil is 180 ° C in closed cup.

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Examples of suitable calcium salts of aliphatic acids include calcium salts of branched aliphatic acids having 8 to 9 carbon atoms, such as Calcium Siccatol® from Akzo Chemie containing about 5% Ca, 47 - 52% non volatile constituents and mineral turpentine like the rest or "Nuodex®Dryer Calcium".

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An additive according to the invention can be prepared from the above 3 compulsory ingredients by separately heating the tar oil until it is liquid and with continued heating the naphthalene is added to form a homogeneous liquid mixture which is then mixed with the manganese salt preparation.

An additive according to the invention with all the 6 constituents is prepared by combining a stirred mixture of the calcium salt preparation, the manganese salt preparation and the iron naphthenate preparation with a separately prepared melt mixture of tar oil, ferric chloride and naphthalene.

Prior to marketing the products, nnf rnl antn 'Frsv harTrarl orvna on cfahi 1 Hl anrli nrr ri or- 1 o-h-Η or * o 3 is usually added.

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DK 152925B

The mixing ratio of the constituent ingredients is usually within the following ranges for the compositions used containing the specified active ingredients: 5 1) preparation containing manganese salts of aliphatic acids 10-100 1 2) high boiling tar oil 1-3 1 3) naphthalene 5-15 kg 4) iron naphthenate preparation 0-90 1 5) ferric chloride 0-5 kg 10 6) preparation containing calcium salts of aliphatic acids 0-80 1

Based on the content of the active constituents of the fuel, it is assumed that the mixing ratio is as follows, it must be emphasized that the calculations are subject to uncertainty 15 and can only be considered as illustrative.

1) manganese salts of aliphatic acids (calculated as Mn) 0.008-0.08 kg / ton fuel 2) high boiling tar oil 0.009-0.09 kg / ton fuel 20 3) naphthalene 0.04 -0.12 kg / ton fuel 4) iron naphthenate preparation (counted as

PE content) 0-0.05 kg / ton fuel 5) Ferric chloride 0-0.04 kg / ton fuel 6) Calcium salts of aliphatic acids (calculated as Ca content) 0-0.03 kg / ton fuel

In combustion of fuel oil, a mixture of all 6 components is usually used.

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In the combustion of gas oil, an additive is usually used without component 6)

In combustion of diesel oil and in addition to engine-35 diesel oil, an additive without content of component 6 is usually used. However, there may be cases where the addition of a small amount of calcium salts of aliphatic acids may be preferred, thereby obtaining a solution of coatings including hard coatings throughout the machinery.

DK 152925Β '. ·; · 4 Ο

The additive according to the invention is believed to act in a way that it reduces the surface tension of the fuel, which results in better atomization and thus a better operation with fewer downtime.

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It is believed that the reason for soot formation in liquid fuel combustion is that the atomized fuel drops are too large.

Thus, they are unable to completely burn and go in a partially unburned state through the boiler and settle in 10 pipes and on other hot surfaces in the form of soot. Oil coke is also formed due to excessive fuel droplets, the oil in these droplets being heated to a temperature where they can coke before the droplet is burned out. The resulting oil coke particles cannot burn under the prevailing conditions and are therefore carried into the flue gas. By using the additive according to the invention, a finer atomization of the fuel is obtained, thereby ensuring a far more complete combustion than that which can be obtained when the fuel is burned in the form of larger droplets. By atomizing finer droplets, 20, the complete combustion is ensured by maintaining a high temperature throughout the mini droplets formed more easily. Thus, the lower temperature, which will be at the center of larger droplets during combustion, is avoided. The complete combustion ensures that no unburned impurities pass through the system, thus safeguarding against both coatings and harmful emissions. The efficient atomization of the fuel makes it possible to run with reduced air supply without thereby preventing the complete combustion. With the reduced air supply, an increased CO content in the smoke-30 4 gas is obtained, which characterizes optimum combustion and efficiency.

When using the additive according to the invention for fuel oil, one liter of petroleum-containing additive 35 is usually added to one ton of fuel oil. With such addition, one can reduce the temperature to which one usually preheats oil before combustion. Such preheating is most often done by electric heating and is expensive. The energy savings thus obtained are so large that the cost of the additive is covered.

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DK 152925B

In some cases, it may be desirable to avoid the reduction of the preheating temperature, since instead a more complete combustion is achieved with the resulting "better results on the boiler".

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The use of the additive according to the invention in plants for combustion of fuel oil gives a reduction of the formation of soot, oil coke, slag and sulfuric acid. This ensures against the formation of heat-insulating coatings in the boiler, so as to ensure a good efficiency. In addition, the corrosion damage on the flue gas side is reduced and any water present is emulsified in the oil. All in all, a clean and dry boiler with a longer service life is obtained, and the plant becomes more stable in operation and requires less maintenance.

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When adding the additive of the invention to gas oil, approx. 1 liter of petroleum-containing additive per tons of oil. The additive prevents the separation of paraffin, keeps tanks, tubes and filters clean, possibly emulsifies water present in the oil or condensation water, and protects against corrosion. The additive provides frost protection down to -18 ° C.

Improved atomization and thus complete combustion are ensured, preventing the deposition of soot and coke.

When used in diesel engines, cleaner combustion reduces fuel consumption and wear.

The additive according to the invention is also suitable for being added to diesel fuel used in both stationary and mobile diesel engines, e.g. marine engines. Usually 30 liters of petroleum-containing additive are added per liter. tons of diesel fuel. " The additive prevents paraffin excretion, provides a cleaner engine and makes it easier to start. The additive provides frost protection down to -18 ° C. Tanks, pipes and filters are kept clean. The additive optionally emulsifies water in the diesel oil as well as water which is formed by condensation. In addition, corrosion is protected from tanks, pipes, pumps and valves. Improved atomization results in more complete combustion, which prevents soot and coke deposits. Hereby obtained

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DK 152925B

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and experiments.

Example 1 5

Preparation of fuel oil additive.

40 l (about 36.8 kg) of Calcium Siccatol® (containing about 1.825 (R) kg Ca), 20 1 (about 20 kg) of Manganese Siccatol® (containing approx.

10 2 kg Mn) and 20 L (about 24 kg) of the iron naphthenate preparation "Nuodex® Dryer Iron" are combined with stirring with a separately prepared melt mixture of 2 L (about 2.32 kg) "anthracene oil" (40% boiling point). from 330 to 400 ° C), 1 kg of ferric chloride and 12 kg of naphthalene. The resulting mixture is cooled and mixed with 15 20 liters of petroleum. 1 liter of this mixture is dosed as additive to 1 ton of fuel. Product data for this additive product are: density: 0.96 appearance: brownish liquid 20 o

Flashpoint; 58 C storage life: unlimited

Example 2 25

Preparation of gas oil additive.

40 l (about 40 kg) Manganese Siccatol® (containing about 4 kg

Mn) and 40 l (about 48 kg) of the iron naphthenate preparation "Nuodex®

Dryer Iron "is combined with stirring with a separately prepared melt mixture of 2 L (2.32 kg) of" anthracene oil "(40% boiling from 330 to 400 ° C), 1 kg of ferric chloride and 12 kg of naphthalene.

The resulting mixture is cooled and mixed with 20 liters of petroleum. 1 liter of this mixture is dosed as additive to 1 ton of fuel. Product data for this additive is: 35 Density: 0.90 Appearance: brownish liquid Flash point 55 ° C Shelf life: unlimited

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DK 152925B

Example 3

Manufacture of diesel fuel additives.

5 70 l (about 70 kg) of Manganese Siccatol® (containing about 7 kg

Mn) and 10 L (about 12 kg) of the iron naphthenate preparation "Nuodex ® Dryer Iron" are combined with stirring with a separately prepared melt mixture of 2 L (2.32 kg) "anthracene oil" (40% boils from 330 to 400 ° C) , 1 kg of ferric chloride and 12 kg of naphthalene.

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The resulting mixture is cooled and mixed with 20 liters of petroleum. 1 liter of this mixture is dosed as additive to 1 ton of fuel. Product data for this additive product are: density: 0.85 appearance: brownish liquid

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flash point: 55 ° C

Shelf life: unlimited

The surprisingly beneficial effect obtained with additives according to the invention is demonstrated by the following experiments:

Experiment 1

In the experiments, a fuel oil was compared with 1 liter of the petroleum-containing additive, as prepared in Example 1, per liter. tons of fuel oil and fuel oil without additive.

The boiler was run at 80% load and no boiler adjustment was made at any time during the tests.

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Two tests were performed without additive (experiment a and experiment b) and two experiments with additive (experiment c and experiment d). The results obtained are shown in the following Table 1.

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Table 1 without additive additive 5 Experiments on CD Flue gas temperature ° C 209 209 211 211 CO 2 content% 13.90 14.03 13.80 13.85

Stored oil quantity kg / h 211.6 211.6 211.6 211.6 10 Solid flue gas concentration per hectare. kg of oil g / kg 4.57 4.54 1.52 1.56 SC> 2 concentration in flue gas mg / m 2 n, t 3960 4000 3930 3950

Sod Valley (Bacharach) 55 22 15 Dosage 0/00 0 0 1 1

Experiment 2

In a similar experiment as Experiment 1, but using 20 of an additive of 20 liters of Calcium Siccatol ® and adding 50 liters of petroleum, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.

«25 Table 2 without additive with additive

Test e f 30 Flue gas temperature ° C 210 210 CC ^ content% 13.9 13.9

Oil flow in kg / h 210 210

Solid flue gas concentration per kg of oil g / kg 4.6 1.5 35 SC> 2 concentration in flue gas mg / m 2 n, t 3900 3600

Sodtal (Bacharach) 5 2

Additive dosage 0/00 0 2

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As can be seen in Table 1 and Table 2, significant reductions in the solid emission have been achieved, which, together with the reduction in the soot number, leads to a better operating economy at the boiler plant. The results were obtained without adjusting the burner, the sole intention being to show the effect of the additive for emission reduction.

Since the emission during additive dosing is lower than the Danish EPA's recommended limit value of 2.5 g / kg oil, by 10 post-regulation of the burner, better operating economy (higher CC ^ percentage) can be achieved during normal daily operation.

As mentioned, no boiler adjustments were made during the tests, and it is seen that the obtained CC 2 ratios are essentially unchanged. By appropriate boiler adjustment, the CC ^ content can be optimized.

Experiment 3 20

Three different fuel oil plants were tested without the addition of additives of any kind. The CO 2 content of the flue gas was measured at approx. 12.5% and soot (Bacharach) to approx. 5th

The same plants were tested with the addition of 8% water. The results were here: CC₂ content 13.5%. Sodtal 3-4.

By adding additive according to Example 1 (1 liter of petroleum-containing additive per tonne of oil), the following values were obtained: CG2 content of 14.5% and sod number of 2-3.

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It should be noted that no adjustments were made in the three trials.

It is known in the art to increase the CC> 2 content by demulsifying water in liquid fuel. It will be seen that the additive according to the invention has an even better increasing effect on the CO 2 content.

By avoiding the use of water, the risk of limescale is reduced.

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DK 152925B

A further advantage of using the additive according to the invention is to avoid expensive emulsifiers, as is known by the addition of water, the additive being simply poured into the tank or dosed in another simple manner.

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The use of the additive according to the invention avoids the otherwise frequent cleaning. So to say, it is unnecessary to cleanse, and if you finally find it desirable, it is sufficient to do the cleaning when the plant is nevertheless 10 stopped for other reasons.

In the tests performed, the boilers were cleaner after using the additive according to the invention than at the start of the tests.

Experiment 4

A conventional gas oil plant previously worked with a CC 2 content of the flue gas of approx. 13% and a sod number of 1-2.

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After using the additive of Example 2 (1 liter per tonne of gas oil), the plant worked with a CC

14.5% and a sod number of 0-1.

On the first visit to the chimney sweep after starting to use the additive according to the invention, who did not know that they had started using the additive, the chimney was surprisingly completely dry and that it was only a very small amount of solid substances that are scalded are removed at the bottom of the chimney.

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Furthermore, it was found that, unlike before the use of additives, the boiler worked quietly and smell-free.

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Experiment 5

An older diesel-powered truck had previous starting problems, and usually the car had an exhaust exhaust.

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After adding 1 liter of the additive of Example 3 per ml. after approx. 8 hours drive found that there were no longer any starting problems and no remaining exhaust. Furthermore, it could be clearly felt that the car pulled better.

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Claims (10)

Liquid fuel additive, characterized in that it contains a combination of 1. manganese salts of aliphatic acids, 2. high-boiling tar oil, and 3. naphthalene 10 in admixture with 0, 1 or more of the following additional ingredients 4. ernnaphthenate, 15 * 5) ferric chloride, and 6. calcium salts of aliphatic acids. Additive according to claim 1, characterized in that as component 1) manganese salts of branched aliphatic 20 acids with 8-9 carbon atoms are used and as component 2) a high boiling tar oil containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons is used, of which 35-50% , preferably approx. 40% distils at temperatures up to 400 ° C. 25 Additive according to claim 1 or 2, for fuel oil, characterized in that it contains all the 6 constituents. Additive according to claim 1 or 2, for gas oil, characterized in that it contains a combination of the components 1) - 5). Additive according to claim 1 or 2 for diesel fuel, characterized in that it contains a combination of the components 1) - 5). 35 Additive according to claim 1 or 2 for diesel fuel, characterized in that it contains all the 6 components. DK 152925B O Additive according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 6, characterized in that it contains as component 6) calcium salts of branched aliphatic acids having 8-9 carbon atoms. Additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the active ingredients are included in such quantities that after addition to the fuel there will be one content per tonnes of fuel of 0.008-0.08 kg of component 1) calculated as Mn, 0.009-0.09 kg of component 2), 0.04-0.12 kg of component 3), 15-0-0.05 kg of component 4) calculated as Fe content, 0-0.04 kg of component 5) and 0-0.03 kg of component 6) calculated as Ca content. Additive according to claims 1-8, characterized in that it contains as component 1) Manganese Siccatol ®. 25 Additive according to claims 1-3, 6-8 or 9, characterized in that it contains as component 4) "Nuodex® Dryer Iron" and / or as component 6) contains Calcium Siccatol®. 30 35