DK151321B

DK151321B - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIVISION OF EXAMPLE STRAWBERRIES

Info

Publication number: DK151321B
Application number: DK550484A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Jens Peder Kokholm
Original assignee: Lambion Skandinavien As
Priority date: 1984-11-20
Filing date: 1984-11-20
Publication date: 1987-11-23
Also published as: AU5092785A; WO1986003094A1; DK550484D0; EP0203121A1; DK550484A; DE3523559A1; DK151321C

Description

i 151321 i 5 Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til opdeling af baller, ruller eller lignende emner bestående af sammenpresset materiale som for eksempel halm, og et apparat til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden· 10 Når der skal fyres med halm i halmfyringsanlæg, er det vigtigt, at halmballerne først opdeles, således at man kan opnå den bedst mulige forbrænding.The invention relates to a method for dividing bales, rolls or similar items consisting of compressed material such as straw, and an apparatus for carrying out the method. 10 In order to be fired with straw in straw firing systems, it is important that the straw bales first split up so that you can achieve the best possible combustion.

Endvidere findes der også andre situationer, hvor baller ønskes opdelt. For eksempel kan man forestil-15 le sig fodermaterialer, der opbevares i baller, som skal opdeles før fodring.Furthermore, there are also other situations where bales are desired to be divided. For example, feed materials may be envisaged stored in bales to be divided prior to feeding.

Der kendes adskillige måder at opdele baller på.There are several ways to divide bales.

Som eksempel kan nævnes dansk fremlæggelsesskrift 20 nr. 146.251 og dansk fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 144.202.As an example, Danish presentation petition 20 no. 146,251 and Danish petition no. 144,202 are mentioned.

Fælles for disse konstruktioner er, at ballerne rives op ved roterende bevægelse. I førstnævnte skrift anvendes en tromle med knivblade, og i sidst-25 nævnte skrift anvendes to aksler med knive og med-bringere.Common to these constructions is that the balls are torn up by rotary motion. In the former, a drum with knife blades is used, and in the latter, two shafts with knives and drivers are used.

Selve princippet med roterende bevægelse har flere ulemper. Blandt andet har disse apparater et temmelig 30 højt energiforbrug.The principle of rotary motion itself has several disadvantages. Among other things, these appliances have a fairly high energy consumption.

Desuden er ballerne normalt bundet sammen med snor eller garn, der som regel er af nylon eller lignende materiale og derfor meget stærkt. For de kendte 151321 2 1 apparater kan det være meget vanskeligt at rive eller skære snorene over, og opdelingen bliver derfor ofte dårlig, ligesom apparaterne udsættes for mange driftsafbrydelser.Furthermore, the bales are usually bonded together with string or yarn, which is usually of nylon or similar material and therefore very strong. For the known devices, it can be very difficult to tear or cut the cords, and therefore the division often becomes poor, as are the appliances exposed to many interruptions.

55

Formålet med opfindelsen er derfor at anvise en fremgangsmåde og et apparat, der med et forholdsvis ringe energiforbrug kan opdele enhver slags baller på driftssikker vis.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and apparatus which, with a relatively low energy consumption, can divide all kinds of bales in a reliable manner.

1010

Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen, når man opdeler ballen i en eller flere skiveformede dele ved for hver opdeling at føre flere knive, i hovedsagen vandret, gennem ballen, og når man herefter afløft-15 er den af ballen afskårne del ved hjælp af i det mindste én af knivene, idet man under afløftningen anvender mindst én kniv til fastholdelse af den resterende del af ballen. Herved opnås, at resten af ballen beholder sin form, fordi holdekniven pres-20 ser ballen ned mod underlaget.This is achieved according to the invention when dividing the bale into one or more disc-shaped parts by passing several knives for each section, generally horizontally, through the bale, and then lifting the portion cut off by the bale by means of at least one one of the blades, using at least one blade to hold the remaining portion of the bale during the lift. This ensures that the rest of the bale retains its shape because the holding knife presses the bale down towards the substrate.

Det kræver ikke meget energi at presse knivene ind gennem ballen, hvorved de vil overskære snorene.It does not take much energy to push the blades through the ball, which will cut the strings.

Med en enkelt vippebevægelse kan den afskårne del 25 af ballen herefter transporteres videre, eventuelt direkte ind i fyringsanlægget. Dette kan hensigtsmæssigt ske gennem en sluse, således at der ikke opstår risiko for, at ilden breder sig til opdelingsappara- tet.With a single tilting movement, the cut part 25 of the bale can then be transported further, possibly directly into the firing plant. This can conveniently be done through a lock so that there is no risk of the fire spreading to the splitting apparatus.

Hvis man udfører gennemskæringen og afløftningen flere gange på hver balle, opnås en god opdeling af ballen.If you perform the cutting and lifting several times on each bale, a good division of the bale is achieved.

30 3 151321 1 Det er fordelagtigt, hvis man anvender stangformede indbyrdes parallelle knive, der som omhandlet i krav 2, føres ind i ballen ved indstikning i knivenes længderetning, idet afskæringen herved kan udføres 5 med det mindst mulige energiforbrug.It is advantageous to use rod-shaped mutually parallel blades which, as defined in claim 2, are introduced into the bale by insertion in the longitudinal direction of the blades, the cutting being hereby possible with the least possible energy consumption.

Et apparat til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan, som omhandlet i krav 3, være ejendommeligt ved, at apparatet omfatter en eller flere 10 knive til afskæring af en del af ballen, og at mindst én af knivene er svingelig eller løftelig til afløft-ning af den af ballen afskårne del, medens mindst én kniv er indrettet som holdekniv til fastholdelse af den resterende del af ballen. Dette apparat kan 15 sønderdele ballerne på en meget driftssikker måde på grund af sin enkle konstruktion, der også gør apparatet billigt i både anskaffelse og drift.An apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, as claimed in claim 3, may be characterized in that the apparatus comprises one or more 10 knives for cutting part of the bale and that at least one of the knives is pivotal or liftable for lifting. of the portion cut by the bale, while at least one knife is arranged as a holding knife for holding the remaining portion of the bale. This appliance can break the bales in a very reliable manner due to its simple construction, which also makes the appliance cheap in both procurement and operation.

Der opnås sikkerhed for, at ballens snore gennemskæ-20 res, hvis de to yderste knive i hver side er anbragt ud for de af ballens sider, der er parallelle med knivenes indstikningsretning, som dette er omhandlet i krav 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6It is assured that the cords of the bale are cut if the two outer blades on each side are arranged adjacent to the sides of the bale parallel to the direction of insertion of the blades, as defined in claim 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Hvis apparatet er udformet som omhandlet i krav 2 5 og 6, hvor de svingelige knive og holdeknivene 3 er anbragt på hver sin arm, og hvor armene er forbun 4 det til et eller flere bevægelsesorganer, der er 5 indrettet til at presse knivene gennem ballen i 6 deres længderetning, opnås, at bevægelsesorganerne let kan svinge de svingelige knive op, så den afskårne del af ballen kan kastes videre, for eksempel til et transportanlæg eller et fyr.If the apparatus is designed as claimed in claims 2 and 5, wherein the pivoting knives and the holding knives 3 are arranged on each arm and the arms are connected 4 to one or more movement means 5 arranged to push the knives through the bale in their longitudinal direction, it is obtained that the moving means can easily swing up the pivoting knives so that the cut part of the bale can be thrown further, for example to a conveyor system or a guy.

4 151321 1 Ved at udforme apparatet som omhandlet i krav 7, hvor bevægelsesorganerne modsat tværarmen er lejret drejeligt til apparatets stel, opnås et yderligere velfungerende apparat.By designing the apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the means of movement opposite the transverse arm are rotatably mounted to the apparatus frame, a further well-functioning apparatus is obtained.

55

Endvidere er det fordelagtigt, hvis apparatet har et løfteorgan anbragt under knivene, som omhandlet i krav 8. Herved bliver det muligt at opdele ballerne fuldautomatisk. Hver gang løfteorganet fører ballen 10 op, kan knivene afskære et stykke af ballen og transportere dette videre.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the apparatus has a lifting member arranged under the blades as claimed in claim 8. This makes it possible to split the bales fully automatically. Each time the lifting member carries the ball 10, the knives can cut off a piece of the ball and carry it further.

Det er hensigtsmæssigt, som omhandlet i krav 9, at hver kniv i apparatet er forsynet med skær på 15 forkanten i indstikningsenden.It is convenient, as claimed in claim 9, that each knife in the apparatus is provided with cutters on the leading edge at the insertion end.

Den i krav 10 omhandlede vendekasse sikrer god kontrol med halmballen Under afskæringen.The reversing box as claimed in claim 10 ensures good control of the straw bale during cutting.

20 På tegningen er vist et udførelseseksempel på et apparat ifølge opfindelsen til opdeling af halmballer , hvor fig. 1 viser apparatet ifølge opfindelsen 25 set fra siden, fig. 2 viser det samme apparat set forfra, fig. 3 viser apparatet fra fig. 1 og 2 set 30 ovenfra, og fig. 4 viser selve opdelingsapparatet set i større målestok.20 shows an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for dividing straw bales, in which FIG. 1 is a side view of the apparatus of the invention 25; FIG. 2 is a front view of the same apparatus; FIG. 3 shows the apparatus of FIG. 1 and 2 are viewed from above, and FIG. Figure 4 shows the splitting apparatus itself on a larger scale.

5 151321 1 På fig. 1 ses en halmballe 1 anbragt på et løfteorgan 5, der består af en hydraulisk cylinder, der trinvist kan hæve ballen 1.In FIG. 1, a straw bale 1 is seen mounted on a lifting member 5, which consists of a hydraulic cylinder capable of gradually raising the bale 1.

5 To i det væsentlige vandrette hydraulikcylindre 15,15' er ved deres ene ende ved hjælp af en tværarm 17, drejeligt lejrede på stolper 8. Disse cylindre kan trække et antal knive 2, 3 ind gennem ballen 1, hvorved dennes snore overskæres.Two substantially horizontal hydraulic cylinders 15,15 'are at their one end by means of a cross arm 17, pivotally mounted on posts 8. These cylinders can pull a number of knives 2, 3 through the bale 1, thereby cutting their cords.

1010

Knivene 2 er svingelige og fastgjort ved deres ene ende til tværarmen 17, der er drejeligt forbundet til to yderligere hydraulikcylindre 6, 6', hvis modsatte ender er forbundet med apparatets bund 15 ved drejelige lejer 7, 7'. De resterende knive 3 er ved deres ene ende fastgjort til en tværarm 18, som ved hydraulikcylinderens indtrækning medtages af armen 17.The blades 2 are pivotal and secured at their one end to the transverse arm 17, pivotally connected to two additional hydraulic cylinders 6, 6 ', the opposite ends of which are connected to the base 15 of the apparatus by pivot bearings 7, 7'. The remaining blades 3 are attached at one end to a cross arm 18 which, by the pull of the hydraulic cylinder, is included by the arm 17.

20 Som antydet med punkterede linier kan de hydrauliske cylindre 6, 6' svinge knivene 2 op, medens knivene 3 fastholder resten af ballen 1. Den afskårne del 10 af ballen kastes ved denne bevægelse ind gennem åbningen 13 i en sluse 9 med to klapper. Denne sluse 25 9 sikrer, at der aldrig er direkte forbindelse mellem fyringsrummet og opdelingsapparatet.20 As indicated by dashed lines, the hydraulic cylinders 6, 6 'can swing the blades 2 up, while the blades 3 hold the rest of the bale 1. The cut part 10 of the bale is thrown in by this movement through the opening 13 in a two flap lock 9. This lock 25 9 ensures that there is never a direct connection between the firing chamber and the splitting apparatus.

På fig. 2 ses desuden, hvordan apparatet fødes fra en vendemekanisme, der før opdelingen drejer ballerne 30 90°, så de står på højkant. Pilen 12 illustrerer, hvordan drejningen sker.In FIG. Figure 2 also shows how the apparatus is fed from a turning mechanism which, before splitting, turns the bales 30 90 ° to stand upright. Arrow 12 illustrates how the rotation occurs.

På fig. 3 ses hele fyringsanlægget med opdelingsapparatet ovenfra. Det ses, hvorledes knivene 2, 3 er 6 151321 1 anbragt på armene 17, 18. Efter afskæring kastes halmen ind gennem slusen 9 til fyringskammeret under kedlen 11. Fyringsanlægget har desuden en skorsten 16.In FIG. 3 shows the entire heating system with the splitting apparatus from above. It can be seen how the knives 2, 3 are placed on the arms 17, 18. After cutting, the straw is thrown in through the sluice 9 to the firing chamber under the boiler 11. The firing system also has a chimney 16.

5 På fig. 4 ses vendeapparatet mere detaljeret. Halmballen anbringes i en vendekasse 19, der blot består af et U-formet svøb. Når kassen 19 vendes på højkant, kan løfteorganet 5 skubbe ballen op gennem kassen 10 19. Medens selve afløftningen af den afskårne del sker, er ballen altså holdt sammen på tre sider, samtidig med at holdeknivene 3 presser ballen ned fra oven.5 In FIG. 4, the reverser is seen in more detail. The straw bale is placed in a turning box 19 which simply consists of a U-shaped wrapper. When the box 19 is turned upright, the lifting member 5 can push the ball up through the box 10 19. While the actual lifting of the cut part takes place, the ball is thus held together on three sides, while the holding knives 3 push the ball down from above.

15 Desuden fremgår det af figuren, hvordan de to yderste knive ved indpresningen vil gennemskære ballens 1 sider, så alle snore kappes.15 Furthermore, the figure shows how the two outer blades at the pressing will cut through the sides of the bale so that all cords are cut.

Endelig skal det tilføjes, at apparatet og fremgangs-20 måden ifølge opfindelsen naturligvis kan bruges til alle slags baller. Det behøver således ikke at være halmballer. Inden for opfindelsens rammer kan apparatet udformes på mange andre måder end den, der er vist på tegningen. For eksempel kan 25 der anvendes andre forskydningsorganer end hydrau liske cylindre, og disse kan også anbringes på andre måder end vist.Finally, it should be added that the apparatus and method of the invention can of course be used for all kinds of bales. Thus, it does not have to be straw bales. Within the scope of the invention, the apparatus can be designed in many ways other than that shown in the drawing. For example, shear means other than hydraulic cylinders may be used and these may also be disposed in other ways than shown.

Der kan anvendes ethvert antal knive, og knivene 30 kan være større eller mindre end vist. Knivene er hensigtsmæssigt fremstillet af metal, isser stål, men også andre materialer kan forekomme.Any number of knives can be used and the knives 30 may be larger or smaller than shown. The blades are suitably made of metal, steel, but other materials may also be present.

Claims

151321

A method of dividing bales, rolls or similar items of compressed material 5 such as straw, characterized in that the bale is divided into one or more disc-shaped parts by leading several knives for each division (2, 3. generally horizontal through the bale (1), and then the portion (10) cut by the bale (1) is lifted off by means of at least one of the blades (2), using at least one knife (3) for holding the remaining portion of the bale, that is, at least one of the blades continually abuts against the cutting surface of the remaining portion during the lifting.

1 PATENT REQUIREMENT

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that rod-shaped mutually parallel blades (2, 3) are used which are inserted into the bale 20 (1) by insertion in the longitudinal direction of the blades (2, 3).

Apparatus for dividing bales, rollers or similar items of compressed material, such as straw, in the practice of a method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus comprises several knives (2, 3) for cutting part of the bale, and that at least one of the blades (2) is pivotal or liftable for lifting the portion (10) cut by the bale (1) and that at least 30 one knife is arranged as a holding knife for holding the remaining portion of the bale, while the vent stands on.

Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the blades (2, 3) are rod-shaped and arranged parallel to one another in a substantially horizontal plane and arranged to be inserted into the bale (1) in the longitudinal direction of the blades. each side of the outer blades 5 is arranged next to the sides of the bale (1) which are parallel to the insertion direction of the blades (2, 3), so that the outer blades when pressed will intersect the sides of the bale (1).

Apparatus according to claims 3-4, characterized in that the pivotal knife (s) (2) and the holding knives (3) are arranged at their end on each cross arm (17, 18) and that the arms (17, 18) are connected to one or more movement means (15, 15 ') # 15 such as hydraulic cylinders, which are arranged to push the blades (2, 3) through the bale in their longitudinal direction.

Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the end of the movement means (15) facing away from the transverse arms (17, 18) is pivotally mounted to the apparatus frame and that the transverse arm (17) is connected to the pivotable knives (2). to one or more additional movement means (6, 6 ') for pivoting 25 of these blades.

Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the additional movement means (6) opposite the transverse arm (17) are rotatably mounted to the frame of the apparatus 30, these movement means (6) forming an angle of 60 ° to 90 ° with the blades before pressing. gene.

Apparatus according to claims 3-7, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a lifting member (5) arranged under the blades (2, 3), which lifting means (5) is arranged to raise the ball (1) upwards past the blades (1). 2, 3). 5

Apparatus according to claims 3-8, characterized in that each knife (2, 3) is provided with cutters on the leading edge of the insertion end #

Apparatus according to claims 3-9, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a straw baling mechanism (14) which has a U-shaped shroud (19) therefor and is adapted to pivot the bales 90 ° prior to partitioning.