DK149931B - PROCEDURE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING A SEAL LAYER TO A SUBSTRATE - Google Patents
PROCEDURE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING A SEAL LAYER TO A SUBSTRATE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK149931B DK149931B DK061579AA DK61579A DK149931B DK 149931 B DK149931 B DK 149931B DK 061579A A DK061579A A DK 061579AA DK 61579 A DK61579 A DK 61579A DK 149931 B DK149931 B DK 149931B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- sealing layer
- disc
- substrate
- screw
- washer
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
- F16B37/14—Cap nuts; Nut caps or bolt caps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
- E04D3/3601—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported by the roof structure with interposition of a insulating layer
- E04D3/3603—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported by the roof structure with interposition of a insulating layer the fastening means being screws or nails
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
- F16B33/004—Sealing; Insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
- F16B25/10—Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws or self-piercing screws
- F16B25/103—Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws or self-piercing screws by means of a drilling screw-point, i.e. with a cutting and material removing action
Description
i i 149931 5 Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til fastgørelse af et tætningslag til et underlag, f.eks. en folie til ydersiden af et tag, ved hjælp af sammenhørende skiver og fastgørelsesorganer, idet fastgørelsesorganerne drives gennem tætningslaget og så langt ind 10 i underlaget, at skiverne kommer til at ligge an mod tætningslaget, og idet der påføres bindemiddel, f.eks. lim, på undersiden af skiven.The invention relates to a method of attaching a sealing layer to a substrate, e.g. a foil to the outside of a roof, by means of associated washers and fasteners, the fastening means being driven through the sealing layer and so far into the substrate that the washers are abutting against the sealing layer, and binder is applied, e.g. glue, on the underside of the dial.
For at tilvejebringe en sikker fastholdelse af tæt-15 ningslaget, såsom en folie af plast eller gummi, til underliggende lag, er det særlig fordelagtigt at anbringe fastgørelsesskiver mod tætningslagets yderside i stedet for at lime tætningslaget på skivernes yderside. Fastgørelsen er derved hidtil sket 20 på den måde, at en skrue med hoved føres gennem et hul med anlæg for skruehovedet i skiven og skrues gennem tætningslaget ned i underlaget, indtil skiven presser an mod et på tætningslaget udlagt bindemiddel.In order to provide a secure retention of the sealing layer, such as a plastic or rubber foil, to underlying layers, it is particularly advantageous to apply securing discs to the outside of the sealing layer rather than gluing the sealing layer to the outside of the discs. The fastening has thus far been done 20 in the way that a screw with head is passed through a hole with abutment for the screw head in the disc and screwed through the sealing layer into the substrate until the disc presses against a binder laid on the sealing layer.
25 Ved denne fremgangsmåde opstår imidlertid et problem med at forhindre vand i at trænge ind gennem skiven langs med skruehovedet. Ved anbringelsen af skiven må der derfor laves en ekstra tætning i dette område, f.eks. ved at anbringe en prop af tætningsmasse over 3 0 skruehovedet.However, in this method, a problem arises in preventing water from penetrating through the washer along the screw head. Therefore, when placing the disc, an additional seal must be made in this area, e.g. by placing a plug of sealant over the screw head.
Formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse er at forenkle den ovenfor nævnte fremgangsmåde og samtidig at opnå en god tætning, og dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen 2 149931 1 ved, at der anvendes en lukket skive, og at den ene ende af fastgørelsesorganet før inddrivningen af dette i underlaget indføres et stykke i den side af den tilhørende skive, der er indrettet til at 5 ligge an mod tætningslaget.The object of the present invention is to simplify the above-mentioned method while at the same time obtaining a good seal, and this is achieved according to the invention by using a closed disc and one end of the fastener before driving it into the substrate. a piece is inserted into the side of the associated disk arranged to abut against the sealing layer.
Ved denne fremgangsmåde opnår man en helt tætsluttende fastgørelse af fastgørelsesorganet, da skiven fuldstændig dækker fastgørelsesstedet og fastgørelsesorga-10 net således ikke går igennem skiven. Der kan således ikke trænge vand ned langs fastgørelsesorganet, og dette opnås uden, at der skal foretages yderligere tætninger.By this method, a fully tight fitting of the fastener is obtained, since the washer completely covers the place of attachment and thus the fastener does not pass through the washer. Thus, water cannot penetrate down the fastener and this is accomplished without the need for additional seals.
15 Opfindelsen angår endvidere et middel til udøvelse af denne fremgangsmåde og af den i krav 2's indledning angivne art. Som omhandlet i krav 2 er dette middel ejendommeligt ved, at skiven er lukket og på oversiden er udformet med udsparinger til indgreb med tapper 20 på et indpresningsværktøj, og at fastgørelsesorganet er ført et stykke ind i skiven fra dennes underside.The invention further relates to a means for practicing this method and of the kind set out in the preamble of claim 2. According to claim 2, this means is characterized in that the disc is closed and is formed on the upper side with recesses for engaging pins 20 on a pressing tool, and that the fastening means is inserted slightly into the disc from the underside thereof.
Indpresning kan f.eks. ske ved islåning eller iskru-ning. Ved at udforme midlet som omhandlet i krav 25 2, fås således en god og tæt samling ved såvel iskru- ning som islåning.Compression can e.g. is done by icing or screw-in. Thus, by designing the means as claimed in claim 25 2, a good and dense joint is obtained by both ice-crushing and icing.
Opfindelsen skal i det følgende nærmere beskrives under henvisning til tegningen, hvor 30 fig. 1 viser et lodret snit gennem et tag, der er valgt som et eksempel på et anvendelsesområde, på hvilket tag der er anbragt en folie, der skal fastgøres 3 140931 1 til et underlag ved hjælp af en skive med tilhørende fastgørelsesorgan ifølge opfindelsen, 5 fig. 2 det samme som fig. 1, men efter fastgø relsen af folien, og fig. 3 en skive set i perspektiv.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which 1 shows a vertical section through a roof selected as an example of a field of application on which a film is to be affixed to a substrate by means of a disc with associated fastening means according to the invention; . 2 the same as FIG. 1, but after attaching the foil, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view.
10 På et bærende underlag 1, som i det viste udførelseseksempel udgøres af en profileret plade, er der anbragt en diffusionsspærrende plastfolie 2 og på denne et varmeisolerende lag 3. På dette er der derefter anbragt et tætningslag 4, som udgøres af en vandtæt 15 plastfolie af passende blødgjort PVC-plast.10 On a supporting substrate 1, which in the illustrated embodiment is constituted by a profiled plate, a diffusion-blocking plastic film 2 is applied and on it a heat-insulating layer 3. A sealing layer 4 is formed, which is constituted by a waterproof plastic film. of suitable plasticized PVC plastic.
Tætningslaget 4 fastgøres til det underliggende lag ved hjælp af skiver 5, som i det valgte udførelseseksempel passende består af halvhård PVC-plast eller 20 pladeskiver, overtrukket med halvhård PVC-plast.The sealing layer 4 is secured to the underlying layer by means of washers 5, which in the selected embodiment preferably consist of half-hard PVC plastic or 20 sheet discs, coated with semi-hard PVC plastic.
Skiven 5 er forsynet med en ophøjning 6 ved midterpartiet på den ene side. En gevindskåret bøsning 7 forsynet med flange er indført i skiven 5 på den modsatte side og midt for dette parti. I bøsningen 7 kan den 25 ene ende af en skrue 8 indføres.The disc 5 is provided with a projection 6 at the middle portion on one side. A threaded bush 7 provided with flange is inserted into the washer 5 on the opposite side and in the middle of this portion. In the sleeve 7, one end of a screw 8 can be inserted.
For hurtigt at bringe skiven 5 på plads til anpresning mod tætningslaget 4, benyttes et indpresningsværktøj 9, som givetvis kan være udformet på mange måder, 30 men som bør have en form, der passer til skiven 5.In order to quickly bring the washer 5 into position for pressing against the sealing layer 4, an pressing tool 9 is used, which of course can be formed in many ways, but which should have a shape that fits the washer 5.
I den viste udførelsesform er indpresningsværktøjet 9 således udformet med tapper 10, som er beregnet til at gribe ind i hver sin udsparing 11 i skivens 5 yderside. Indpresningsværktøjet 9 fastholdes i 4 149931 1 en borepatron 12, som f.eks. kan høre til en på tegningen ikke vist elektrisk boremaskine.Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, the pressing tool 9 is formed with pins 10 which are intended to engage each recess 11 in the outer side of the disc 5. The pressing tool 9 is held in a drill cartridge 12, such as e.g. can belong to an electric drill not shown in the drawing.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen skal i det følgende 5 beskrives under henvisning til det valgte udførelseseksempel. Skiver 5 gøres klar til fastgørelse ved, at der i hver eneste indskrues en skrue 8 i bøsningen 7. På tætningslaget 4 markeres en linie, efter hvilken skiverne skal fastgøres. Herefter trykkes skruen 10 8 til en skive 5 et stykke gennem tætningslaget 4 ned i isoleringslaget 3. Ved hjælp af en tube 13 med sprøjtemundstykke 14 anbringes et bindemiddel 15 rundt omkring fastgørelsesstedet. Indpresningsværk-tøjet anbringes bagefter mod skiven og sættes i gang.The process according to the invention will be described in the following with reference to the selected embodiment. Discs 5 are made ready for fastening by screwing in each of the screws 8 into the bushing 7. A line is marked on the sealing layer 4, after which the discs must be fastened. Next, the screw 10 8 of a disc 5 is pushed a little way through the sealing layer 4 into the insulating layer 3. By means of a tube 13 with spray nozzle 14, a binder 15 is placed around the attachment point. The compression tool is then placed against the disc and started.
15 Ved den første del af drejningen glider skruens tapper 10 ind i skivens 5 udsparinger 11 og får derved både skiven og skruen 8 til at følge med i rotationen.15 At the first part of the rotation, the screws 10 of the screw slide into the recesses 11 of the disc 5, thereby causing both the disc and screw 8 to follow the rotation.
I løbet af et øjeblik er skruen 8 drevet gennem samtlige lag 4, 3, 2 og 1 til det i fig. 2 viste lag, 20 i hvilket skiven 5 skrues fast til anlæg mod tætningslaget 4.In a moment, the screw 8 is driven through all the layers 4, 3, 2 and 1 to the position shown in FIG. 2 in which the washer 5 is screwed into abutment against the sealing layer 4.
Skiven 5 ligger nu helt tætsluttende omkring skruens 8 gennemgang gennem tætningslaget 4. Det kan imidler-25 tid være fordelagtigt at placere et bindemiddel 15 i et sådant overskud, at en del af dette ved skivens 5 anpresning mod tætningslaget 4 tvinges ud mellem disse og lasgger sig i en yderligere tætnende kant 16 rundt om skiven 5. Bindemidlet 15 udgøres i det 30 beskrevne udførelseseksempel hensigtsmæssigt af flydende PVC-plast, som efter hærdning giver et ekstra stærkt forbandt mellem tætningslaget 4 og skiven 5.The disc 5 now sits completely tightly around the passage of the screw 8 through the sealing layer 4. It may, however, be advantageous to place a binder 15 in such excess that part of it, by pressing the disc 5 against the sealing layer 4, is forced between them and in a further sealing edge 16 around the disk 5. In the embodiment described in the embodiment 30, the binder 15 is suitably made of liquid PVC plastic which, after curing, provides an extra strong connection between the sealing layer 4 and the disk 5.
149931 5 1 Skiven 5 kan være forsynet med indgrebstapper og indpresningsværktøjet 9 i stedet for med modsvarende taphuller. Man kan endvidere tænke sig som et alternativ at forsyne skivens 5 og indpresningsværktøjets 5 9 mod hinanden vendende sider med et friktionslag.The disc 5 may be provided with engagement pins and the pressing tool 9 instead of corresponding pin holes. It is furthermore possible to provide an alternate layer with a friction layer as an alternative to providing the faces of the disc 5 and the pressing tool 59.
Fastgørelsesorganet kan i stedet for en skrue udgøres af et søm, som har en gevindskåret ende, som skrues ind i skiven 5, hvorefter skiven og sømmet slåes 10 ned indtil skiven ligger an mod tætningslaget 4.Instead of a screw, the fastener may be constituted by a seam having a threaded end which is screwed into the washer 5, after which the washer and the seam 10 are lowered until the washer abuts the sealing layer 4.
Hvis underlaget udgøres af beton, kan fastgørelsesorganet være en ekspansionsbolt, som ligeledes med en gevindskåret ende skrues ind i skiven og derefter 15 slåes ned i et forboret hul i betonen.If the substrate is made of concrete, the fastener may be an expansion bolt which is also screwed into the disc with a threaded end and then struck into a pre-drilled hole in the concrete.
Fremgangsmåden og midlet ifølge opfindelsen kan givetvis også anvendes andre steder end på tage, såsom f.eks. i våde rum, hvor væggene er beklædte med lag 20 svarende til tætningslaget 4.Of course, the method and agent of the invention may also be used elsewhere than on roofs, such as e.g. in wet rooms where the walls are lined with layers 20 corresponding to the sealing layer 4.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7801739A SE420231B (en) | 1978-02-15 | 1978-02-15 | SET TO ATTACH A TEAM LAYER TO A SUBSTRUCTURE AND DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE SET |
| SE7801739 | 1978-02-15 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK61579A DK61579A (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| DK149931B true DK149931B (en) | 1986-10-27 |
| DK149931C DK149931C (en) | 1987-06-01 |
Family
ID=20333998
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK61579A DK149931C (en) | 1978-02-15 | 1979-02-14 | PROCEDURE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING A SEAL LAYER TO A SUBSTRATE |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT361199B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH639451A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2905068A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK149931C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI63991C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2015634B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1164982B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL190026C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO148197C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE420231B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4380413A (en) * | 1980-11-03 | 1983-04-19 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Load-distributive washer for use with compressible material |
| EP0181483B1 (en) * | 1984-10-15 | 1990-01-10 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Method and apparatus for applying a precision amount of sealant to exposed fasteners |
| DE3568074D1 (en) * | 1984-12-22 | 1989-03-09 | Ejot Adolf Bohl Gmbh & Co Kg | Fastening device |
| DE4205140C1 (en) * | 1992-02-20 | 1993-05-27 | Braas Gmbh, 6370 Oberursel, De | |
| DE29708740U1 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-09-10 | Duerr Claudia | Fastening device for fastening a sealing layer to a base |
| DE19820958C2 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 2001-05-10 | Claudia Duerr | Fastening device for fastening a sealing layer to a base |
| DE19754356A1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-10 | Fischer Artur Werke Gmbh | Tool for mounting insulation holders for roof membrane fastening |
| DE29809975U1 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 1998-10-29 | Koch Membranen Gmbh & Co Kg Ku | Roof catch strip |
| DE29907252U1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 1999-08-05 | Koch Membranen Gmbh & Co Kg Ku | Snow guard element and device |
| EP1061197B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2001-10-10 | KOCH Membranen GmbH & Co. KG Kunststofftechnologie | Arrangement for connecting roof elements to a substructure |
| DE19943661B4 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2004-10-21 | Harald Zahn Gmbh | Fastening system for the application of insulation material and sealing sheets |
| EP1207243A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-22 | Hans-Jürgen Koch | Device and method of securing a roofing sheet |
| DE102011106186A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | Michael Lammert | Wall nail for fastening of wall panel to roof, has nail head and nail shank that are formed as separate components and are connected directly or indirectly with one another |
| US9822907B1 (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2017-11-21 | Syntiro Dynamics Llc | Anchor sealing hygienic bracket |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR731485A (en) * | 1932-02-17 | 1932-09-03 | Albert Lavialle Ets | Improvement in fixing devices for roofs or the like made of fiber cement, corrugated iron or other materials |
| FR797948A (en) * | 1935-06-28 | 1936-05-06 | Device for fixing corrugated sheets of asbestos cement slate or the like to their supports | |
| GB828254A (en) * | 1956-04-09 | 1960-02-17 | Pfaudler Co Inc | Method for repairing glass coated apparatus |
| DK123950B (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1972-08-21 | L Mortensen | Fastener intended to be mounted across a wall or plate. |
| ES373439A1 (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1970-12-16 | Lacoma Novales | Procedure in the means of interlocking, for railway tirafundos. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| SE7407054L (en) * | 1974-05-28 | 1975-12-01 | Graenges Essem Ab | DEVICE FOR SEALING THE PENETRATION HALL FOR FASTENERS IN BUILDING ELEMENTS, SEPARATE FOR ROOF AND WALL COVERINGS ON HOUSES |
| SE399579B (en) * | 1975-04-24 | 1978-02-20 | Sandqvist Sune Allan | WAY TO ATTACH A TIGHT LAYER TO A SURFACE |
| DE2611395C2 (en) * | 1976-03-18 | 1978-02-16 | Opheis Gmbh & Co | Device for fastening profiled roofing panels on a roof structure |
-
1978
- 1978-02-15 SE SE7801739A patent/SE420231B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-02-09 FI FI790446A patent/FI63991C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-09 NO NO790417A patent/NO148197C/en unknown
- 1979-02-10 DE DE19792905068 patent/DE2905068A1/en active Granted
- 1979-02-12 AT AT102079A patent/AT361199B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-13 GB GB7904985A patent/GB2015634B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-14 CH CH143479A patent/CH639451A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-14 DK DK61579A patent/DK149931C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-14 NL NLAANVRAGE7901170,A patent/NL190026C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-15 IT IT20220/79A patent/IT1164982B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2015634A (en) | 1979-09-12 |
| NL190026B (en) | 1993-05-03 |
| FI63991C (en) | 1983-09-12 |
| CH639451A5 (en) | 1983-11-15 |
| NL7901170A (en) | 1979-08-17 |
| NO790417L (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| SE420231B (en) | 1981-09-21 |
| GB2015634B (en) | 1982-08-18 |
| FI790446A (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| IT7920220A0 (en) | 1979-02-15 |
| AT361199B (en) | 1981-02-25 |
| SE7801739L (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| FI63991B (en) | 1983-05-31 |
| ATA102079A (en) | 1980-07-15 |
| NO148197B (en) | 1983-05-16 |
| DK149931C (en) | 1987-06-01 |
| DE2905068C2 (en) | 1987-06-19 |
| NO148197C (en) | 1983-08-24 |
| NL190026C (en) | 1993-10-01 |
| DE2905068A1 (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| IT1164982B (en) | 1987-04-22 |
| DK61579A (en) | 1979-08-16 |
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