DK148521B - ANTIBIOTIC AND EMZYMOUS ANIMAL FEED MIXTURE - Google Patents

Description

148521

Animal feed, as it is commonly used today in intensive animal husbandry, contains a number of additives with prophylactic and / or nourishing effect. These include antibiotics and enzymes. While the use of antibiotics has already been demonstrated in compound feed of all types, in practice, enzymes are not yet widely used.

The feed mixtures used in modern intensive animal husbandry are generally so far optimized with regard to all nutrient components that further improvement does not seem possible. Surprisingly, however, it has been found that optimally compound feed can also be further improved in terms of feed utilization and / or the growth thus obtained. If --man to the feed puts 2 148521 certain antibiotics together with proteolytic enzymes. The present invention therefore relates to a carbohydrate, egg white, fat and optionally additive animal feed composition which is characterized by a content of 5-20 ppm of the anti-biotic Virginiamycin and such amount of acidic proteases from Rhi = -zopus rhizopodiformis or Aspergillus, with an effect spectrum between pH 2.5 and 6.5, has an enzymatic activity of 0.05-2.5 mTU / g.

From Chemical Abstracts, Volume 75 (1971), Abstract No. 138 268y Vlaarms Veterinary Medicine, Tijdsckr. 1971, 40 (5), 217-23 (Neth), it is known that virginiamycin acts to promote growth and better feed utilization when animals are fed with feed containing this antibiotic.

Furthermore, it is generally known that proteolytic enzymes improve the utilization of the proteins, carbohydrates and fats present in the animal and vegetable feed and result in faster growth with less feed consumption per day. kg of growth, cf. Danish Patent No. 101,397, German Patent Nos. 1,084,123 and 1,212,826 and United States Patent No. 2,878,123. However, it was not known from these publications that a combination of virginiamycin with acidic proteases from Rhigopus rhizopodiformis or Aspergillus niger improves growth and feed utilization as a result of the combined addition exhibiting a synergistic effect.

Virginiamycin belongs to the peptolide group. It is produced by a strain of the fungus Streptomyces virginiae and consists of the components type M (gross formula C28H35N3 ° 7) and type S (gross formula C43H49N7010).

Suitable proteolytic enzymes are obtained especially by growing the microorganisms and separating them from the nutrient solutions. The methods for this are known. According to the invention, the acidic proteases from Aspergillus niger or from Rhizopodiformis are used in accordance with German patent P 25 28 490.6. Such proteases have a particularly wide spectrum of action in the weakly acidic range between pH 2.5-6.5.

Commercial compound feedingstuffs are optimally formulated for them. special requirements that individual animal species make. The basis forms carbohydrates, especially from cereal components, maize and the like.

3 148521

As an egg white carrier, serve primarily soybean meal, fish meal, animal carcass flour, bran and the like. Lack of amino acids, e.g. methionine, may be added further, Fats are added in the form of vegetable or animal fats or waste fats. In order to build the body, salts such as dicalcium phosphate, calcium = carbonate and boiling salt are also added. Optionally, the feed mix is rounded off by the addition of trace elements, vitamins, ballast substances, etc. .

In addition to the usual constituents of a particular animal species, the animal feed compositions of the invention further contain 5-20 ppm, preferably 10-15 ppm of said antibiotic and proteolytic enzymes in an amount such that the enzymatic activity is 0.05-2. , 5 mTU / g, preferably 0.2 - 0.5 mTU / g. In particular, a combination of virginiamycin and an acidic fungal protease or protease mixture are used, respectively. The growth and the improvement in feed utilization thus obtained are compared to the corresponding control mixtures containing only antibiotic until now.

The effective combination of virginiamycin and enzymes is particularly suitable in feeding chickens for fattening. However, it may also be useful for all other animal species to which the use of Virginiamycin alone is already an advantage, e.g. in pig feed and in laying hens feed.

Virginiamycin is conveniently added to the feed in the form of a premix, for example, bound to soy extraction slant. When using milky feed compositions, the enzyme component is also used as a premix. As a carrier, any desired feed composition acts: -ent, e.g. soybean meal. When using steam pelleted feed, the mixing of the enzymes must be in a suitable stabilized form to prevent deactivation due to moisture and heat during the pellet etching. Such a method is described in German Publication No. 26 02 260.6.

To determine the enzyme unit (TU), the proteolytic activity of the protease is determined according to the known Anson principle: A suitable diluted amount of enzyme solution is incubated at 20 ° C for 20 minutes with an equal volume of 1.2% by weight. casein solution containing 0.6 $ lactic acid, 6 moles of urea and 0.1 moles of citric or acetic acid. The pH value of the casein solution is adjusted by the addition of 2U sodium hydroxide solution. After incubation, add 0, threichloro = acetic acid in the volume ratio 1: 1, and the precipitate formed is filtered from undigested casein, and in the filtrate the protein cleavage pieces which have been degraded are found by some egg whitening method. Suitable for this is, for example, the method described by Layne in the Method of Enzymo-logy 3 (19? 7) on page 8-8.

For each test sample, a blank value must be prepared to which trichloroacetic acid is added first and then casein solution. This blank indicates, next to the empty value of the reagents, the amount of low molecular weight peptides present even before digestion in the enzyme solution. The difference between the main value and the blind value is then compared with the extinction given by a certain amount of tyrosine in this determination by the method stated. This amount of tyrosine is then a measure of the proteolytic activity of the present enzyme: An enzyme unit (TU) is the amount of enzyme which, by a 1 minute casein solution, releases cleavage products having the same extinction as a 1M tyrosine solution. It is customary to specify in mTU = 10 “3 TU.

Example 1.

270 day old male chickens for fattening the breed Lohmann were fed in cages for 6 weeks each with uniform compound feedingstuffs, however, a) without the addition of antibiotic or enzyme, b) with the addition of Vj ppm Virginiamycin, c) with the addition of 15? ppm Virginiamycin and 0.55 mTU / g acidic proteases from Rhizopus rhizopodiformis d) with the addition of 0.45 irtTU / g acidic proteases from Rhizopus rhizo = podiformis and after the end of the experiment the final weight and feed utilization were determined "; : added.

Feed Composition ($): 148521 5

Soy extraction slant 31 * 00

Maize 55.31

Animal body flour 5.00

Beef Sales 5.80

Soybean oil 0.20

Dicalcium phosphate 1.3½

Calcium carbonate 0.37

Boiling salt 0.2? DL-me thi onin 0.17

Pre-mix of trace elements 0.20

Vitamin premix 0.20

Coccidiostatic premix 0.16 100.00

Result; a) b) c) d)

_ Without addition_m, VGN_m.VGN + E m.E

Final weight (g) 1 ^ 59 150½ 152½ 1472

Feed utilization 1.82 1.80 1.72 1 »83 VGN = Virginiamycin E = proteolytic enzymes from said microorganism. Example 2.

720 roast chickens of the breed Lohmann were fed under cage conditions for 6 weeks with a uniform feed of the composition mentioned below, and after the end of the experiment, the final weight of the animals and the feed utilization were determined by the end of the experiment. The feed mixtures also contained a) no addition of antibiotic or enzyme, b) addition of 7.5 ppm Virginiamycin, c) addition of 7.5 ppm Virginiamycin and 0 ^ 5 mTU / g acid proteases from Aspergillus niger.

d) an addition of 0.45 mTU / g of acidic proteases from Aspergillus niger. Feed Composition (%): 6 148521

Soybean 37.35 "

Corn 52,325 DL-methionine 0.3

Soybean oil 6.0

Dicalcium Phosphate 1.82

Calcium carbonate. 1.03

Boiling salt 0.31

Tracers 0.065

Yi tham mixture 0.25

Choline chloride 50% 0.2

Coyden 0.05

Oat shale, ground 0.30 100,000

Result: a) b) c) <3)

Without addition m, VGN_m.VGN + E m.E

Final weight Cg) ll t3 ll f5 l5l8 1451

Feed utilization 1.90 1.85 1.83 1/91 VGN = Virginiamycin E = proteolytic enzymes from said microorganism. Example 3

48 pigs were fed for 24 days in the weight range from ca. 10 to 20 kg with uniform compound feed, with the exception of a) without the addition of antibiotic and enzymes b) with the addition of 40 ppm Virginiamycin (VGN) c) with the addition of 0.15 mTO / g feed of acid proteases from Aspergillus niger (E (d) with additions according to (b) and (c) and the evolution of live weight and feed utilization were determined. Feed utilization is understood as the ratio of feed consumption: growth.

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Feeding composition (in%)

Wheat 31.7

Maize 29,3

Soybean 15.0

Wheat bran 7.0

Oats 7.0

Dextrose 4.5

Lucerne 2.0

Pre-mix of minerals and vitamins 3.5 100.0

Result: a) b) Q) d) without addition m.VGN m.E_m.VGN + E_ daily growth (g) 381 394 398 426 feed utilization 2.26 2.26 2.24 2.16

Example 4

64 pigs in cages in the weight range 7-24 kg were fed identical compound feed, however, a) without the addition of antibiotic or enzyme b) with the addition of 50 ppm Virginiamycin (VGN) c) with the addition of 0.2 mTU / g of acidic protease (E) feed from Rhizopus rhisopodiformis d) was with additions according to b) + c).

To supplement, the animals in all groups received an identical composite feed. Then the animals were given the actual test mixture (see below). Weight development and feed utilization were determined.

Feed composition (in%) Egg white feed concentrate 18 (62.5% soybean, 25% fishmeal, 12.5% premix of minerals and vitamins)

Oats 14

Wheat bran 10

Building 28

Wheat 15

Corn 15 100 8 1-4852 1

Result: . ,. . , .- a) b) c) d) without addition m.VGN m.E_m.VGN + E_ daily growth (g) 412 436 425 471 feed utilization 2.08 2.06 2.06 1.98

Example 5

48 pigs that went without litter on slatted floor became from an initial weight of approx. 30 kg in two fattening sections to a final weight of approx.

100 kg fed identical compound feed, which in fattening section I (30-60 kg) was a) without the addition of antibiotic or enzyme b) with the addition of 20 ppm Virginiamycin (VGN) c) with the addition of 0.4 mTU / g feed of acidic proteases (E) from Rhizopus rhizopodiformis d) with additions according to b) + c).

In the fattening section II (60-100 kg), the following additive amounts were used in the corresponding groups: a) without the addition of antibiotic or enzyme b) with the addition of 10 ppm Virginiamycin (VGN) c) with the addition of 0.2 mTU / g feed. of acidic proteases (E) from Rhizopus rhizopodiformis d) with additions according to b) + c).

By regular weighing, the course of growth and feed utilization was determined. The feeding of the animals was done rationally (twice daily).

Feeding composition (in%)

Section I Section II

(30-60 kg) _ (60-100 kg) _

Build 20 22

Maize 20 22

Hvedé 15 22

Oats 15

Wheat bran 9 21.5

Mixing flour 7 3

Soybean 12 12

Mineral feed 2 1.5 100 100