DK145253B - FILTER FOR TOBACCO SMOKING PRODUCT - Google Patents
FILTER FOR TOBACCO SMOKING PRODUCT Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK145253B DK145253B DK688873AA DK688873A DK145253B DK 145253 B DK145253 B DK 145253B DK 688873A A DK688873A A DK 688873AA DK 688873 A DK688873 A DK 688873A DK 145253 B DK145253 B DK 145253B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- filter element
- additive
- additives
- cover
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
Description
i 145253in 145253
Opfindelsen angår et filter til et tobaksrygeprodukt af den art, som omfatter et filterelement samt et filteromslag, der omgiver filterelementet, hvilket omslag på sin mod filterelementet vendende overflade har et overtræk.The invention relates to a filter for a tobacco smoking product of the kind comprising a filter element as well as a filter cover surrounding the filter element, which cover on its surface facing the filter element has a coating.
5 Man har længe anvendt filtre til rygeprodukter, navnlig ryge-tobaksprodukter, for at fjerne visse bestanddele af røgen, før den når rygerens mundhule. Man anvender navnlig meget fibrøse filtermaterialer til dette formål, specielt c^llu-loseacetat.5 Filters for smoking products, in particular smoking tobacco products, have long been used to remove certain components of the smoke before reaching the smoker's oral cavity. In particular, very fibrous filter materials are used for this purpose, in particular clulucose acetate.
10 I de seneste år har man anbragt additiver på filterelementerne for at fjerne visse komponenter af tobaksrøgen. Man har foreslået en lang række af sådanne additiver. Hyppigt kan man ikke, såvel af tekniske som af æstetiske grunde, anvende visse additiver, som ellers kunne være ønskelige.10 In recent years additives have been placed on the filter elements to remove certain components of the tobacco smoke. A large number of such additives have been proposed. Frequently, for both technical and aesthetic reasons, certain additives which might otherwise be desirable cannot be used.
15 F.eks. kan disse additiver reagere med filtermaterialet eller med additiver, der allerede findes på filtermaterialet, så at additivets virkning neutraliseres, eller filter-elementet på anden måde bliver ubrugeligt. På lignende måde er publikum kommet til at acceptere filterelementets hvide 20 farve, og visse additiver, som ellers kunne være ønskværdige, kan ikke anvendes, da de ville misfarve filterelementet.For example, For example, these additives may react with the filter material or with additives already present on the filter material to neutralize the effect of the additive or otherwise render the filter element useless. Similarly, the audience has come to accept the white color of the filter element, and certain additives which might otherwise be desirable cannot be used as they would discolor the filter element.
Selv om faglitteraturen har beskrevet forskellige behandlinger af omslaget, som er anbragt uden om filterelementet, 25 har disse behandlinger ikke haft til formål at bidrage til filtreringen af røgen, der passerer gennem filteret, for at fjerne visse komponenter. F. eks. anvendes der ifølge USA patentskrift nr. 3.025.861 et klæbemiddel, eventuelt indeholdende et arcmati-seringsmiddel, på omslagets indre overflade. Formålet med et klæbe- 30 middel er imidlertid at sikre, at der ikke sker nogen kanaldannelse mellem filterelementet og det omgivende anslag. Der er ingen antydning af, at dette klæbemiddel kunne indeholde additiver af den art, son kunne sikre en selektiv filtrering af røgen, der passerer gennem filteret.Although the literature has described various treatments of the cover placed outside the filter element, these treatments have not been intended to contribute to the filtering of the smoke passing through the filter to remove certain components. For example, according to United States Patent No. 3,025,861, an adhesive, optionally containing an aromatic, is used on the inner surface of the cover. However, the purpose of an adhesive is to ensure that no duct formation occurs between the filter element and the surrounding impact. There is no suggestion that this adhesive could contain additives of the kind that would ensure a selective filtering of the smoke passing through the filter.
35 Ifølge USA patentskrift nr. 3.397.700 er den ydre del af om- 145253 2 slaget behandlet med et aromatiseringsmiddel. Åbenbart kunne en behandling af den ydre del af omslaget ikke sikre en selektiv filtrering af komponenter, der passerer gennem materialets inderside.According to United States Patent No. 3,397,700, the outer portion of the coating is treated with a flavoring agent. Obviously, treating the outer portion of the cover could not ensure a selective filtering of components passing through the inside of the material.
5 Ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse er overtrækket et lag af et additiv til selektiv filtrering af tobaksrøg, og additivet er af en sådan art, at det ved fordeling i selve filtermaterialet ville reagere kemisk med eller misfarve de materialer, som danner filterelementet, eller med additiver, der er fordelt i filter-10 elementet. Boruden de fordele, der skal beskrives mere fuldstændigt i det følgende, kan man herved lettere og mere ensartet anbringe additiver på filteromslaget end på de fleste filtermaterialer, der for tiden benyttes. Fremdeles kan man på omslaget effektivt påføre nogle additiver, som er effektive til fjernelse af komponen-15 ter fra røgen, og som ikke kan påføres direkte på filterelementet på grund af misfarvning af dette.According to the present invention, the coating is a layer of an additive for selective filtering of tobacco smoke, and the additive is such that, when distributed within the filter material itself, it would react chemically with or discolour the materials forming the filter element or with additives. which is distributed in the filter-10 element. In addition to the advantages to be described more fully hereinafter, additives can be more easily and uniformly placed on the filter cover than on most filter materials currently used. Still, on the cover, some additives which are effective in removing components from the smoke and which cannot be applied directly to the filter element due to discoloration thereof can be effectively applied.
Det har hyppigt været forsøgt at fjerne hydrogencyanid og hydrogensulfid fra røgen, navnlig tobaksrøg, der passerer gennem et filterelement. Visse additiver, som er effektive 20 til fjernelse af disse gasfasekomponenter, kan hyppigt ik-ker anvendes, fordi enten reagerer direkte med filtermaterialet, såsom celluloseacetat, eller fordi de reagerer med blødgøringsmidlet, som er almindelig anvendt til celluloseacetat. På den anden side kan man effektivt påføre disse 25 additiver på omslaget, der støder op til filterelementet, og de vil frembringe en betydelig gasfasefilteringsgrad.Frequent attempts have been made to remove hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide from the smoke, in particular tobacco smoke passing through a filter element. Certain additives which are effective in removing these gas phase components are frequently not used because either react directly with the filter material such as cellulose acetate or because they react with the plasticizer commonly used for cellulose acetate. On the other hand, these additives can be effectively applied to the wrapping adjacent to the filter element and will produce a significant gas phase filtration rate.
Dette sker med ringe om overhovedet nogen virkning hverken på filterelementmaterialet eller på plastificeringsmidlet, som kan være inkorporeret i filterelementmaterialet.This occurs with little or no effect whatsoever on either the filter element material or on the plasticizer which may be incorporated into the filter element material.
30 I andre tilfælde anbringes additiver på filterelementet til et specielt formål, som kan omfatte gasfasefiltrering.In other cases, additives are applied to the filter element for a special purpose which may include gas phase filtration.
Andre additiver, som ville være effektive til andre filtreringsformål, kan i så tilfælde ikke anvendes på det samme filterelement som følge af reaktion med det først 35 påførte additiv. Ifølge opfindelsen, hvor additivet anven- 145253 3 des på omslagets indre overflade, kan begge additiver'anvendes uden indbyrdes reaktion af betydning.Other additives which would be effective for other filtration purposes cannot then be applied to the same filter element as a result of reaction with the first additive applied. According to the invention, where the additive is applied to the inner surface of the wrapper, both additives can be used without mutual reaction of significance.
Ifølge opfindelsen opnås den forbedring ved et filter til et tobaksrygeprodukt med et filterelement omgivet af et.According to the invention, improvement is achieved by a filter for a tobacco smoking product with a filter element surrounded by one.
5 filteromslag, at overfladen af filteromslaget, der støder op til filterelementet, omfatter et overtræk af et additiv til selektiv filtrering af den røg, der passerer gennem filteret.5, the surface of the filter cover adjacent to the filter element comprises a coating of an additive for selectively filtering the smoke passing through the filter.
Opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende under henvis-10 ning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et længdesnit gennem et tobaksrygeprodukt med et filter ifølge opfindelsen og fig. 2 et snit langs linien 2-2 i fig. 1.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a tobacco smoking product with a filter according to the invention; and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. First
Fig. 1 viser en cigaret med et filter ifølge opfindelsen.FIG. 1 shows a cigarette with a filter according to the invention.
15 Cigaretten 1 har en tobakssektion 2 og et filterelement 3.The cigarette 1 has a tobacco section 2 and a filter element 3.
Dette filterelement kan være fremstillet af et standard-rygeproduktfiltermateriale, såsom celluloseacetat. Som angivet kan dette celluloseacetat være behandlet med et blød-gøringsmiddel eller indeholde et eller flere additiver.This filter element may be made of a standard smoking product filter material such as cellulose acetate. As indicated, this cellulose acetate may be treated with a plasticizer or contain one or more additives.
20 Et filteromslag 10 er lagt uden om filterelementet 3. Før anbringelsen af filteromslaget på filterelementet ar der påført et overtræk 11 på indersiden af filteromslaget.20 A filter cover 10 is placed around the filter element 3. Prior to the application of the filter cover to the filter element, a coating 11 is applied to the inside of the filter cover.
Dette additiv er et sådant, som vil sikre en selektiv gasfasefiltrering af røg, der strømmer gennem filterelemen-25 tet. F.eks. kan additivet være et, der fjerner hydrogen= cyanid eller hydrogensulfid fra røgen.This additive is one which will ensure a selective gas phase filtration of smoke flowing through the filter element. Eg. the additive may be one that removes hydrogen = cyanide or hydrogen sulfide from the smoke.
Metoden til påføring af overtrækket 11 på filteromslaget 10 er ikke kritisk. Man kan anvende enhver standardmetode til overtrækning, såsom påtrykning, påpudring, påmaling, etc.The method of applying the coating 11 to the filter cover 10 is not critical. You can use any standard coating method such as printing, applying, painting, etc.
30 Det er blot vitigt, at overtrækket hæfter til overfladen på filteromslaget 10 i tilstrækkelig lang tid til, at om- 1A5253 4 slaget 10 kan anbringes uden om filterelementet 3 og blive holdt på plads.It is only natural that the coating adheres to the surface of the filter cover 10 for a sufficient time that the cover 10 can be placed outside the filter element 3 and held in place.
Filteraggregatet 20, som består af filterelementet 3, filteromslaget 10 og overtrækslaget 11, er fastholdt til to-5 bakssektionen 2 ved hjælp af et standardcigaretomslag 21. Samlingen af disse komponenter kan udføres ved kendt stan-dardteknik.The filter assembly 20, which consists of the filter element 3, the filter cover 10 and the coating layer 11, is secured to the two-back section 2 by means of a standard cigarette cover 21. The assembly of these components can be carried out by known standard techniques.
For at fagmanden bedre kan sættes i stand til at praktisere opfindelsen, skal de følgende eksempler anføres til belys-10 ning af denne. I hvert af disse eksempler anvendes et grav-uretrykkeapparat til påføring af vandige opløsninger af de pågældende additiver på et standardpapiromslag, såsom det der sælges under handelsnavnet "Schweitzer 322". Et filterelement af 3,3 Y/44.000 celluloseacetatblår blev dannet, 15 og dette filterelement blev omgivet af det overtrukne filteromslag og derpå skåret i 20 mm længder. De således dannede filteraggregater anvendtes til standardtobakcigaretter dannet af blandede tobakker, og fjernelseseffektiviteter blev bestemt ved hjælp af standardmetoder.In order that the person skilled in the art may be better able to practice the invention, the following examples must be given to illustrate it. In each of these examples, a gravure printing apparatus is used to apply aqueous solutions of the additives in question to a standard paper cover such as that sold under the trade name "Schweitzer 322". A filter element of 3.3 Y / 44,000 cellulose acetate tow was formed, and this filter element was surrounded by the coated filter cover and then cut into 20 mm lengths. The filter assemblies thus formed were used for standard tobacco cigarettes formed from mixed tobacco, and removal efficiencies were determined by standard methods.
20 Eksempel 1 I dette eksempel blev filteromslaget overtrukket med zinkacetat, 2^0 i forskellige mængder, og man målte hydrogen= cyanidfjernelsen. Ved anvendelse af 0,8 mg zinkacetat for hver filtersektion fjernedes 27% af hydrogencyanidet i rø-25 gen, der passerede gennem filteret. Når zinkacetatmængden forøgedes til 2,1 mg, fjernedes 46%, medens der ved anvendelse af 6,3 mg zinkacetat opnåedes en fjernelseseffektivitet på 51% af hydrogencyanidet.Example 1 In this example, the filter wrap was coated with zinc acetate, 20 ° in various amounts, and hydrogen = cyanide removal was measured. Using 0.8 mg of zinc acetate for each filter section, 27% of the hydrogen cyanide was removed in the tube passing through the filter. When the amount of zinc acetate increased to 2.1 mg, 46% was removed, while using 6.3 mg of zinc acetate, a removal efficiency of 51% of the hydrogen cyanide was obtained.
Eksempel 2 30 i dette eksempel anvendtes en blanding af zinkacetat, 2^0 og natriumacetat på filteromslaget. Med en mængde på 1 mg zinkacetat og 0,3 mg natriumacetat fjernedes 44% af hydro= 145253 5 gencyanidet i røgen, der nåede filterelementet·Example 2 In this example, a mixture of zinc acetate, 20 ° and sodium acetate was used on the filter cover. With an amount of 1 mg zinc acetate and 0.3 mg sodium acetate, 44% of the hydro = 145253 gene cyanide was removed in the smoke reaching the filter element ·
Eksempel 3 I dette eksempel anvendtes en cuprisulfat, 51^0 i varierende mængder, og man målte hydrogencyanidfiltreringseffekti-5 viteten. Med en cuprisulfattilsætning på 2,2 mg fjernedes 41% af hydrogencyanidet, medens der ved anvendelse af en mængde på 5,6 mg fjernedes 38% af hydrogencyanidet.Example 3 In this example, a cupris sulfate, 51 ° C in varying amounts was used and the hydrogen cyanide filtration efficiency was measured. With a cupric sulfate supplement of 2.2 mg, 41% of the hydrogen cyanide was removed, while using a 5.6 mg amount, 38% of the hydrogen cyanide was removed.
Eksempel 4 I dette eksempel var filteromslagets indre overflade over-10 trukket med en acetatpufferbehandlet polyethylenimin. Med en mængde på 3 mg på det 21 mm lange filter fjernedes 53% af hydrogencyanidet.Example 4 In this example, the inner surface of the filter cover was coated with an acetate buffer treated polyethyleneimine. With an amount of 3 mg on the 21 mm long filter, 53% of the hydrogen cyanide was removed.
Ifølge den omhandlede opfindelse kan man anvende en lang række forskellige additiver, man ellers ikke kunne anven-15 de til filterelementmaterialet. F.eks. kan man påføre sølvsalte, såsom nitratet og acetater, på filteromslaget, som man ikke kunne anvende direkte til filterelementmaterialet, da de ville give dette materiale en mørkebrun eller sort farve. På lignende måde kan man ikke anvende salte af 20 kobber, chrom, jern eller cobolt til filterelementet, da dets rene, hvide udseende ødelægges. På den anden side kan disse materialer påføres på den indre overflade af filteromslaget, der indgår i filteret ifølge opfindelsen, uden at sådanne problemer opstår.According to the present invention, a wide variety of additives which otherwise could not be used for the filter element material can be used. Eg. For example, silver salts, such as the nitrate and acetates, can be applied to the filter cover, which could not be applied directly to the filter element material as they would give this material a dark brown or black color. Similarly, salts of 20 copper, chromium, iron or cobalt cannot be used for the filter element, as its pure white appearance is destroyed. On the other hand, these materials can be applied to the inner surface of the filter cover included in the filter of the invention without such problems arising.
25 Som tidligere angivet indeholder filtre, såsom celluloseacetat, hyppigt et blødgøringsmiddel, såsom diacetatesteren af triethylenglycol, for at gøre håndteringen lettere. I nogle tilfælde kan man anvende forskellige estere af organiske syrer, såsom diethylesteren af citronsyre, til fil-30 termaterialet. I sådanne tilfælde kan visse additiver, som er nyttige til fjernelse af hydrogencyanid, ikke anvendes til filteret. Sådanne additiver indbefatter acetatpuffer- 145253 6 behandlet polyethyl enimin og zinkacetoacetat, da de ville resultere i en transesterificering og således nedbryde de organiske estere i større eller mindre grad. På tilsvarende måde kan man ikke anvende zinkglycinat, som er effektivt 5 til fjernelse af hydrogensulfid fra røg, til sådanne filtre, da også dette ville bevirke en transesterificering.As previously stated, filters such as cellulose acetate frequently contain a plasticizer such as the diacetate ester of triethylene glycol to facilitate handling. In some cases, various esters of organic acids, such as the diethyl ester of citric acid, can be used for the film material. In such cases, certain additives useful for removing hydrogen cyanide cannot be used for the filter. Such additives include acetate buffer treated polyethyleneimine and zinc acetoacetate as they would result in a transesterification and thus degrade the organic esters to a greater or lesser extent. Similarly, zinc glycine, which is effective in removing hydrogen sulfide from smoke, cannot be used for such filters, as this would also cause a transesterification.
Natrium- og k^liumcarbonat er effektive til fjernelse af hydrogéncyanid og hydrogensulfid fra røg. Imidlertid kan de. ikke artyendes effektivt i forbindelse med standard-10 celluloseacetatfiltre, da hvert af disse additiver langsomt angriber og nedbryder celluloseacetatet.Sodium and potassium carbonate are effective in removing hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide from smoke. However, they can. are not effective in standard cellulose acetate filters, as each of these additives slowly attacks and degrades the cellulose acetate.
^yppigt anhringer man aromatiseringsmidler til røg, navnlig tobaksrøg, på rygeproduktets filter. Pisse aromatiseringsmidler anvendes ofte i opløsning sammen med et blødgørings-15 middel til filterelementmaterialet. Ved et sådant arrangement ønsket man ikke tillige at anvende visse selektive additiver til filteret på grund af det ovenfor angivne transesterificeringsproblem.^ Frequently smoke aromatizers, especially tobacco smoke, are placed on the filter of the smoking product. Piss flavoring agents are often used in solution together with a softener for the filter element material. In such an arrangement, certain selective additives to the filter were also not desired because of the above transesterification problem.
Effektiviteten, der opnås med de hovedsagelig ved filter-20 elementets periferi anbragte additiver, er særdeles overraskende, da additivet øjensynligt ikke er placeret i banen for hovedrøgstrømmen. Imidlertid opnås,som angivet i eksemplerne, betydelige reduktioner af røgens gasfase-komponenter .The efficiency achieved with the additives located mainly at the periphery of the filter element is very surprising, since the additive is apparently not located in the path of the main smoke stream. However, as indicated in the examples, significant reductions in the gas phase components of the smoke are obtained.
25 En opbygning af et rygeprodukt, navnlig af filtersektionen, er blevet illustreret. I overensstemmelse hermed kan man anvende additiver til fjernelse af røgkomponenter, der passerer gennem filteret, i situationer, hvor disse ikke tidligere kunne anvendes. Ved placering af disse selektive 30 filtreringsadditiver på filteromslagets indre overflade kan man anvende additiver, som ellers kunne genere filterelementmaterialet eller andre additiver anbragt på dette materiale, .25 A structure of a smoking product, in particular of the filter section, has been illustrated. Accordingly, additives can be used to remove smoke components passing through the filter in situations where these could not be used previously. By placing these selective filtration additives on the inner surface of the filter cover, additives which could otherwise interfere with the filter element material or other additives applied to this material can be used.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36083973A | 1973-05-16 | 1973-05-16 | |
| US36083973 | 1973-05-16 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK145253B true DK145253B (en) | 1982-10-18 |
| DK145253C DK145253C (en) | 1983-03-14 |
Family
ID=23419605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK688873A DK145253C (en) | 1973-05-16 | 1973-12-18 | FILTER FOR TOBACCO SMOKING PRODUCT |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU469846B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE808961A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7401864A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA993752A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH604573A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2365263A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK145253C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI56767C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1397678A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL167745C (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA739241B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4763674A (en) * | 1986-04-16 | 1988-08-16 | Hercules Incorporated | Method and device for controlling hydrogen cyanide and nitric oxide concentrations in cigarette smoke |
| EP0250806A3 (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1988-06-01 | Hercules Incorporated | Method and device for removing nitric oxide from cigarette smoke |
| US5063196A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-11-05 | Calgon Carbon Corporation | Chromium-free impregnated activated carbon for adsorption of toxic gases and/or vapors |
| GB9121782D0 (en) * | 1991-10-14 | 1991-11-27 | Cigarette Components Ltd | Cigarette filter containing particulate smoke modifying additive |
| CN103225231B (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2015-04-01 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigarette paper with natural mineral and natural plant composite additive |
| CN107474960A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-15 | 上海华宝生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cigarette smoke sensitive color change releases the production method of fragrant particle |
-
1973
- 1973-11-19 CA CA186,086A patent/CA993752A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-11-30 AU AU63116/73A patent/AU469846B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-12-05 ZA ZA739241A patent/ZA739241B/en unknown
- 1973-12-05 FI FI3740/73A patent/FI56767C/en active
- 1973-12-11 GB GB5738273A patent/GB1397678A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-12-14 CH CH1757073A patent/CH604573A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-12-18 DK DK688873A patent/DK145253C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-12-21 BE BE139147A patent/BE808961A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-12-21 NL NL7317538A patent/NL167745C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-12-31 DE DE2365263A patent/DE2365263A1/en active Pending
-
1974
- 1974-03-12 BR BR1864/74A patent/BR7401864A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1397678A (en) | 1975-06-18 |
| AU6311673A (en) | 1975-07-10 |
| DE2365263A1 (en) | 1974-12-05 |
| AU469846B2 (en) | 1976-02-26 |
| FI56767B (en) | 1979-12-31 |
| CA993752A (en) | 1976-07-27 |
| BE808961A (en) | 1974-06-21 |
| CH604573A5 (en) | 1978-09-15 |
| NL167745B (en) | 1981-08-17 |
| NL7317538A (en) | 1974-11-19 |
| BR7401864A (en) | 1975-11-11 |
| ZA739241B (en) | 1974-10-30 |
| FI56767C (en) | 1980-04-10 |
| FI374073A (en) | 1974-11-17 |
| DK145253C (en) | 1983-03-14 |
| NL167745C (en) | 1982-01-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBP | Patent lapsed |