DK144644B - RUDE SHAPE HOLES TO A SANDTRA - Google Patents

RUDE SHAPE HOLES TO A SANDTRA Download PDF

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Publication number
DK144644B
DK144644B DK413073AA DK413073A DK144644B DK 144644 B DK144644 B DK 144644B DK 413073A A DK413073A A DK 413073AA DK 413073 A DK413073 A DK 413073A DK 144644 B DK144644 B DK 144644B
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Denmark
Prior art keywords
casing
sand
tube
drain
filled
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DK413073AA
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Danish (da)
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DK144644C (en
Inventor
O Terashima
I Okabayshi
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Chiyoda Chem Eng Construct Co
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Priority to DK71276A priority Critical patent/DK146394C/en
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Publication of DK144644C publication Critical patent/DK144644C/en

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E02D13/04Guide devices; Guide frames
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E02D3/103Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains by installing wick drains or sand bags

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Description

U4644U4644

Opfindelsen angår et rørformet hylster af den i patentkravets indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a tubular casing of the kind specified in the preamble of the claim.

Fra beskrivelsen til USA patentskrift nr. 3 396 541 kendes et rørformet hylster, som bliver fyldt med sand og dernæst indført i et hul, som er udformet i jorden, eller i et foringsrør, som er drevet ned i jorden, for derved at danne et sanddræn. Dette rørformede hylster er et fleksibelt porøst rør af et vævet materiale, hvor åbningerne imellem hylsterets masker bør være små nok til at forhindre, at sand strømmer ud fra hylsteret. Eftersom hylsteret ikke må sprænges af det sand, som er fyldt i det, skal det være fremstillet af et stærkt materiale.From the disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 3,396,541, a tubular casing is filled which is filled with sand and then inserted into a hole formed in the ground or in a casing driven into the ground, thereby forming a sand sinks. This tubular casing is a flexible porous tube of a woven material in which the openings between the casing masks should be small enough to prevent sand from escaping from the casing. Since the casing must not be blasted by the sand that is filled in it, it must be made of a strong material.

Opfindelsen har til formål at tilvejebringe et rørformet hylster af den indledningsvis angivne art, som i modsætning til det kendte er indrettet til at blive indført i et foringsrør, som er drevet i jorden, og derefter blive fyldt med sand, således at hylsteret ikke behøver at være så stærkt, som det tidligere var nødvendigt. Desuden skal foringsrøret kunne trækkes op efter hylsterets anbringelse, uden at hylsteret derved ødelægges.It is an object of the invention to provide a tubular casing of the kind initially provided which, unlike the prior art, is adapted to be inserted into a casing which is driven into the ground and then filled with sand so that the casing need not be as strong as it was previously needed. In addition, the casing must be able to be pulled up after the casing is placed, without damaging the casing.

Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved, at det indledningsvis angivne rørformede hylster er ejendommeligt ved det i patentkravets kendetegnende del angivne.This is achieved according to the invention in that the tubular casing initially stated is peculiar to the characterizing part of the claim.

Åbningerne i hylsteret ifølge opfindelsen behøver således ikke at være små for at forhindre, at der strømmer sand ud gennem disse åbninger. Det er tværtimod hensigtsmæssigt, hvis der strømmer sand ud gennem hylsterets åbninger, eftersom hylsteret bliver fyldt med sandet, efter at være blevet indført i foringsrøret. Åbningerne er ifølge opfindelsen store nok til, at sandet kan passere. Så udfylder det gennem åbningerne udstrøm-mede sand et smalt mellemrum imellem foringsrøret og hylsteret og tjener som et smøremiddel, som forhindrer, 2 144644 at hylsteret ødelægges af friktion, eller at det færdige sanddræn løftes op, når foringsrøret trækkes op af jorden. Den ringe mængde sand, som er strømmet ud af hylsteret, vil kort sagt være et smøremiddel, som medvirker til at opnå en glat optrækning af foringsrøret, og dette sand udgør desuden et beskyttende lag for hylsteret.Thus, the openings in the housing of the invention need not be small to prevent sand from flowing through these openings. On the contrary, it is convenient if sand flows out through the openings of the casing, since the casing is filled with the sand after being inserted into the casing. According to the invention, the openings are large enough for the sand to pass. Then, through the openings, it fills a narrow gap between the casing and the casing and serves as a lubricant which prevents the casing from being damaged by friction or the finished sand drain as the casing is pulled up from the ground. In short, the small amount of sand that has flowed out of the casing will be a lubricant which helps to smooth the casing and this sand additionally forms a protective layer for the casing.

Eftersom vægten af det i hylsteret fyldte sand bæres både af hylsteret og af foringsrøret, bærer hylsteret kun en del af sandets vægt. Derfor behøver hylsteret ikke at være så stærkt som det kendte hylster.Since the weight of the sand filled in the casing is carried both by the casing and by the casing, the casing carries only part of the weight of the sand. Therefore, the case does not have to be as strong as the known case.

\\

Hylsteret ifølge opfindelsen er endvidere forsynet med et par fremspring. Uden disse fremspring ville hylsteret blive snoet, medens det blev indført i foringsrøret med en vægt fastgjort til sin nedre ende, fordi det ville være let og bøjeligt, fordi indføringen blev foretaget uden sandindhold. Når hylsteret trækkes af den dertil fastgjorte vægt, forbliver fremspringene lige og forhindrer således , at hylsteret drejes og snos under indføringen i foringsrøret. Når der efter hylsterets indføring i foringsrøret hældes sand i dette for derved at fylde hylsteret i hele sin længde, så der dannes et ønsket sanddræn, strømmer en del af sandet gennem hylsterets åbninger ud i mellemrummet mellem hylsteret og foringsrøret og forhindrer derved, at der dannes slangebugter på det færdige sanddræn, idet den gensidige berøring mellem hylsteret og foringsrøret undgås, og det forhindres, at sanddrænet (dvs. hylsteret fyldt med sand) løftes sammen med foringsrøret.The sheath of the invention is further provided with a pair of projections. Without these protrusions, the casing would be twisted while being inserted into the casing with a weight attached to its lower end because it would be light and pliable because the insertion was made without sand content. When the casing is pulled by the weight attached to it, the projections remain straight, preventing the casing from being twisted and twisted during insertion into the casing. When, after insertion of the casing into the casing, sand is poured therein to fill the casing throughout its length so as to form a desired sand drain, a portion of the sand flows through the casing openings into the space between the casing and casing, thereby preventing formation of the casing. hose bays on the finished sand drain, avoiding the mutual contact between the casing and casing and preventing the sand drain (i.e. casing filled with sand) from being lifted together with the casing.

Ved de relativt store åbninger i hylsteret opnår man desuden den fordel, at disse åbninger ikke tilstoppes hurtigt, f.eks. med lerpartikler, som er mindre end sandpartiklerne, hvorved sanddrænets funktion ophører, således som det kan være tilfældet ved de tidligere kendte sanddræn.In addition, at the relatively large openings in the casing, the advantage is obtained that these openings are not clogged quickly, e.g. with clay particles smaller than the sand particles, whereby the function of the sand drain ceases, as may be the case with the prior art sand sinks.

144B44 3144B44 3

Opfindelsen skal i det følgende nærmere beskrives med henvisning til tegningen, hvorpå fig. 1 viser et rørformet hylster ifølge opfindelsen, som er benyttet til et fleksibelt sanddræn, som er konstrueret i blød undergrund, fig. 2 er et udsnit i stor målestok af fig. 1, fig. 3 er et tværsnitsbillede af hylsteret i fig. 1, og fig. 4 er et skematisk billede, som viser en fremgangsmåde til opbygning af et sanddræn i blød undergrund.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a tubular casing according to the invention, which is used for a flexible sand drain constructed in soft substrate; FIG. 2 is a large-scale section of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the casing of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a method for constructing a sand drain in soft subsurface.

Et sanddræn 10 består af et rørformet hylster 11 ifølge opfindelsen og en sandsøjle 12, fremstillet af sand 13, som er fyldt deri (fig. 4).A sand drain 10 consists of a tubular casing 11 according to the invention and a sand column 12 made of sand 13 filled therein (Fig. 4).

Hylsteret 11 er fremstillet på følgende måde: Vandafvisende, vejrbestandige, kemisk ikke-korroderende enkelttråde med stor trækstyrke bliver stort set sammenflettet i tremmeværksform for at tilvejebringe et glat vævet stof 15, som i stor målestok er vist i fig. 2.The casing 11 is made as follows: Water-repellent, weather-resistant, chemically non-corrosive single threads with high tensile strength are largely intertwined in lattice form to provide a smooth woven fabric 15, which is widely shown in FIG. 2nd

Med henvisning til fig. 2 er de lodret forløbende enkelttråde 14 kædegarn 16, og de vandret forløbende enkelttråde 14 er skudgarn 17. Som senere beskrevet bliver de indre masker af stoffet 15, nemlig åbningerne 18, som dannes af tilstødende kædegarn og tilstødende skudgarn, valgt, så de har et areal på 2,0-3,0 mm for at opnå formålet med opfindelsen. For at tilvejebringe indre masker af den ovennævnte størrelse er det tilrådet at anvende enkelttråde 14 eller kædegarn 16 og skudgarn 17, som begge har en tykkelse på 300-500 denier.Referring to FIG. 2, the vertically extending single threads 14 are warp yarns 16 and the horizontally extending single strands 14 are weft yarns 17. As later described, the inner stitches of the fabric 15, namely the openings 18 formed by adjacent warp yarns and adjacent yarns, are selected so as to have a area of 2.0-3.0 mm to achieve the purpose of the invention. In order to provide inner meshes of the above size, it is advisable to use single threads 14 or warp yarns 16 and yarns 17, both of which have a thickness of 300-500 deniers.

Undersøgelser viser, at hylsteret 11 pr. 5 cm udmålt bredde, når det er udstrakt, bør have en langsgående trækstyrke langs kædegarnet på mere end 100 kg og en tværgående trækstyrke langs skudgarnene 17 på mere end 75 kg og en forlængelse på mindre end 5%. Polyethylen 144 6 4 kan f.eks. benyttes som et egnet råmateriale af enkelttråde, som imødekommer de ovennævnte krav.Studies show that the casing 11 per 5 cm measured width, when stretched, should have a longitudinal tensile strength along the warp yarn of more than 100 kg and a transverse tensile strength along the shoot yarns 17 of more than 75 kg and an elongation of less than 5%. Polyethylene 144 6 4 can e.g. is used as a suitable single thread feedstock which meets the above requirements.

Hylsteret 11 bliver fremstillet som vist i fig. 1 ved at overlejre to smalle strimler af ovennævnte stof 15, hvilke strimler fremkommer ved at skære langs kædegarnene 16 og forbinde de to strimler langs linier 19 (herefter betegnet forbindelser), som er omkring 20 mm inden for begge de langsgående kanter, ved hjælp af termisk smeltning, sømning eller sammenfletning i hinanden langs kædegarnene 16. Derved omfatter hylsteret 11 et hovedlegeme 20, som er begrænset mellem forbindelserne 19 og to par langsgående fremspring 21, som er anbragt ved siden af hoveddelen 20. Fremspringene 21, som er anbragt uden for forbindelserne 19, kan smeltes eller sammenflettes med hinanden i hvert par. I hylsteret 11 er kædegarnene 16 anbragt på langs, og skudgarnene 17 er sammenflettet dermed med rette vinkler, hvilket gør forlængelsen af de førstnævnte i langsgående retning og sidstnævnte i tværgående retning mindst mulig.The casing 11 is made as shown in FIG. 1 by superimposing two narrow strips of the aforementioned fabric 15 which are formed by cutting along the warp yarns 16 and connecting the two strips along lines 19 (hereinafter referred to as joints) which are about 20 mm within both longitudinal edges by means of thermal melting, nailing or intertwining along the warp yarns 16. Thereby, the casing 11 comprises a main body 20 which is confined between the connections 19 and two pairs of longitudinal projections 21 which are arranged adjacent the main body 20. The projections 21 which are disposed outside the compounds 19, may be fused or interlaced with each other in each pair. In the casing 11, the warp yarns 16 are arranged longitudinally and the yarns 17 are interlaced therewith at right angles, making the extension of the former in the longitudinal direction and the latter in the transverse direction as small as possible.

Afstanden mellem forbindelserne 19 af stoffet 15, nemlig bredden af hovedlegemet 20, er valgt i området imellem omkring 8 cm og omkring 39 cm i afhængighed af det emne, hvortil sanddrænet bliver benyttet, således at hylsteret 11 når det er ekspanderet ved at være fyldt med sand, kan antage et rundt tværsnit som vist i fig. 3 på fra 5 til 25 cm i diameter D.The distance between the compounds 19 of the fabric 15, namely the width of the main body 20, is selected in the range between about 8 cm and about 39 cm, depending on the item to which the sand drain is used, so that the casing 11 when expanded by being filled with true, may assume a circular cross section as shown in FIG. 3 of 5 to 25 cm in diameter D.

Hylsteret 11 bliver indsat som vist i fig. 4 i et foringsrør 22, som i forvejen er drevet lodret ned i blød undergrund og dernæst fyldt med sand 13. Når foringsrøret 22 bliver trukket op alene, er et sanddræn 10 opbygget.The casing 11 is inserted as shown in FIG. 4 in a casing 22, which is already driven vertically into soft subsoil and then filled with sand 13. When the casing 22 is pulled up alone, a sand drain 10 is built up.

Fig. 4 viser sanddræn-konstruktionsmetoden. Selv om der 5 144644 for at lette beskrivelsen er vist ét foringsrør 22 i fig. 4 (A) - 4 (C), kan et antal rør 22 naturligvis konstrueres på samme tid med en enkelt rambuk. Fig. 4 (A) viser den tilstand, i hvilken indføringen af røret 22 blev udført. Til den øverste ende 22a af røret er hængslet et frit betjeneligt dæksel 36. Med dækselet 36 holdt åbent som vist i fig. 4 (B) bliver hylsteret 11 indført i røret 22 til den foreskrevne dybde. For at lette nævnte indføring, er det tilrådeligt at fastgøre en krog 37 til den nederste ende 11b af hylsteret 11 og ophænge en vægt 38 i krogen 37. Vægten 38 består f.eks. af sand indsvøbt i et stykke vævet stof, som gør det muligt, at hylsteret 11 kan trækkes ned til bunden af røret 22.FIG. 4 shows the sand drainage construction method. Although, for ease of description, one casing 22 in FIG. 4 (A) - 4 (C), a plurality of tubes 22 can, of course, be constructed at the same time with a single ram bend. FIG. 4 (A) shows the state in which the insertion of the tube 22 was performed. To the upper end 22a of the tube is hinged a freely operable cover 36. With the cover 36 held open as shown in FIG. 4 (B), the casing 11 is inserted into the tube 22 to the prescribed depth. In order to facilitate said insertion, it is advisable to attach a hook 37 to the lower end 11b of the casing 11 and suspend a weight 38 in the hook 37. The weight 38 consists, e.g. of sand wrapped in a piece of woven fabric which allows the casing 11 to be pulled down to the bottom of the tube 22.

Ellers er det muligt at fastgøre eller lukke den nederste endedel 11b af hylsteret 11 efter anbringelsen af en mængde sand i den nederste ende 11b af hylsteret i forvejen. Selv denne fremgangsmåde kan føre frem til den samme genstand. For at opnå let indføring af hylsteret 11 i røret 22 tillades en frigang på 2-5 mm imellem indervæggen af røret 22 og ydervæggen af hylsteret 11 i afhængighed af diameteren af sidstnævnte. Som følge deraf bliver røret 22, som modtaget hylsteret 11, som har fra 5 til 25 cm i diameter, valgt, så det har en indvendig diameter på omkring 5,4 til 26 cm.Otherwise, it is possible to attach or close the lower end portion 11b of the casing 11 after placing a quantity of sand in the lower end 11b of the casing in advance. Even this approach can lead to the same object. In order to obtain easy insertion of the casing 11 into the tube 22, a clearance of 2-5 mm is allowed between the inner wall of the tube 22 and the outer wall of the casing 11 depending on the diameter of the latter. As a result, the tube 22 which receives the casing 11, which is 5 to 25 cm in diameter, is selected so that it has an inner diameter of about 5.4 to 26 cm.

De to par fremspring 21 langs kanterne af hylsteret 11 (fig. 1-3) muliggør, at hylsteret 11 kan indføres i røret 22, uden at det bliver snoet, hvilket letter den efterfølgende fyldning med sand i hylsteret 11.The two pairs of projections 21 along the edges of the casing 11 (Figs. 1-3) allow the casing 11 to be inserted into the tube 22 without being twisted, facilitating the subsequent loading of sand into the casing 11.

Ved afslutningen af indføringen af hylsteret 11 bliver den øverste ende 11a forbundet til det tilsvarende udløb 29a for en sandtragt 29 så stramt, at man forhindrer den øverste ende 11a i at falde af udløbet 29a. Derefter bliver en vibrationshammer 24 bragt til at vibrere for at lade sand 13 falde fra tragten 29 ind i hylsteret 11.At the end of insertion of the casing 11, the upper end 11a is connected to the corresponding outlet 29a of a sand funnel 29 so tightly that the upper end 11a is prevented from falling off the outlet 29a. Then, a vibration hammer 24 is caused to vibrate to allow sand 13 to drop from the hopper 29 into the casing 11.

Når sandet 13 gradvist bliver fyldt i hylsteret 11, strøm- 6As the sand 13 is gradually filled into the casing 11, stream 6

U46UU46U

mer en lille del af sandet 13 ud som vist i fig. 3 (C) gennem de sammenflettede masker 18 (fig. 2) af hylsteret 11 for at fylde et mellemrum 39 mellem hylsteret 11 og røret 22 til et senere beskrevet formål. Imidlertid bliver det meste af sandet 13 tilbageholdt i hylsteret 11 til dannelsen af en sandsøjle 12. Når sandet 13 er således fyldt op til den del af hylsteret 11, som stadig er anbragt over jorden 35, bliver den øverste ende 11a af hylsteret 11 taget fra det tilsvarende udløb 29a for sandtragten 29 og modtaget i røret 22 i en foldet tilstand.shows a small portion of the sand 13 as shown in FIG. 3 (C) through the interlaced masks 18 (Fig. 2) of the casing 11 to fill a gap 39 between the casing 11 and the tube 22 for a later described purpose. However, most of the sand 13 is retained in the casing 11 for the formation of a sand pillar 12. Thus, when the sand 13 is filled up to the portion of the casing 11 still disposed above the ground 35, the upper end 11a of the casing 11 is taken from the corresponding outlet 29a for the sand hopper 29 and received in the tube 22 in a folded state.

Den øverste ende 22a af røret 22 bliver lukket med dækslet 36, som bliver spændt med en låsemekanisme 40. Derefter bliver komprimeret luft indført i røret 22 gennem et indløbsrør 41, som er anbragt ved den øverste ende af røret 22. Røret 22 bliver trukket op fra jorden 35 ved et (ikke vist) drivorgan, mens det stadig vibreres af vibrationshammeren 24. Under tilbagetrækning af røret 22 tjener komprimeret luft til at skubbe sanddrænet 10 nedefter for derved at forhindre, at det løftes af blød jordbund. Desuden forhindrer sandet 13, som passerer gennem maskerne eller åbningerne 18 i hylsteret 11 ind i mellemrummet 39 mellem hylsteret og røret 22, at hylsteret 11 bliver bragt i berøring med røret 22, idet sandet virker som en slags smøremiddel, som derved sikrer hylsteret 11 mod ødelæggelse på grund af friktionsvarme, som stammer fra nævnte kontakt og gør det muligt, at et sanddræn 10 kan fastgøres i undergrunden uden at blive trukket ud sammen med røret 22. Tilførselen af komprimeret luft og tilstedeværelsen af sanddrænet 13 i mellemrummet 39 medvirker i forening til, at røret 22 alene kan fjernes fra undergrunden 35, uden at hylsteret 11 bliver trukket op samtidigt. Derved er der som vist i fig. 4 (D) konstrueret et sanddræn 10 med hylsteret 11 fyldt med sand 13. På sanddrænet 10 er monteret en belastning 42.The upper end 22a of the tube 22 is closed by the cover 36 which is clamped by a locking mechanism 40. Subsequently, compressed air is introduced into the tube 22 through an inlet tube 41 located at the upper end of the tube 22. The tube 22 is pulled up. from the ground 35 by a drive (not shown) while still being vibrated by the vibration hammer 24. During retraction of the tube 22, compressed air serves to push the sand drain 10 downwardly, thereby preventing it from being lifted by soft soils. Furthermore, the sand 13 passing through the masks or openings 18 of the casing 11 into the space 39 between the casing and the tube 22 prevents the casing 11 from being brought into contact with the casing 22, the sand acting as a kind of lubricant, thereby securing the casing 11 against destruction due to frictional heat arising from said contact and allowing a sand drain 10 to be fixed to the subsurface without being pulled out with the pipe 22. The supply of compressed air and the presence of the sand drain 13 in the gap 39 are concomitant to the tube 22 can be removed from the substrate 35 alone without the casing 11 being pulled up at the same time. Thus, as shown in FIG. 4 (D) constructed a sand drain 10 with the casing 11 filled with sand 13. A load 42 is mounted on the sand drain 10.

77

U464AU464A

Ved sanddrænkonstruktionsmetoden ifølge opfindelsen vil vibrationen, som røret 22 direkte underkastes, når det drives ind i undergrunden, og vibrationen, som indirekte påføres røret 22, når hylsteret 11 indføres i røret 22, fyldt med sand 13, bevirke, at vand i den bløde undergrund 35 gradvis bliver opsamlet først ved periferien af røret 22. Når røret 22 bliver trukket ud, bliver en større mængde vand i den bløde undergrund samlet omkring periferien af røret 22 på grund af vibrationen, som tilføres dertil.In the sand drainage construction method of the invention, the vibration to which the pipe 22 is directly subjected when driven into the subsurface and the vibration indirectly applied to the pipe 22 when the casing 11 is introduced into the pipe 22, filled with sand 13, cause water in the soft subsurface 35 is gradually collected first at the periphery of the tube 22. As the tube 22 is pulled out, a greater amount of water in the soft substrate is collected around the periphery of the tube 22 due to the vibration applied thereto.

Ved tilbagetrækning af røret 22 bliver det opsamlede vand omgående flyttet til periferien af hylsteret 11, som er fyldt med sand 13. Når røret 22 er helt trukket op fra jorden, bliver komprimeret luft, som først bliver indført i røret 22, udledt til jordoverfladen gennem hylsterets 11 rundtgående væg, som udgør sanddrænet 10, for derved at opvise den særligt fremragende virkning med at forårsage, at det allerede samlede vand omkring periferien af hylstret 11 skubbes uf fra jorden på samme tid.Upon withdrawal of the tube 22, the collected water is immediately moved to the periphery of the casing 11, which is filled with sand 13. When the tube 22 is fully drawn from the ground, compressed air first introduced into the tube 22 is discharged to the soil surface through the circumferential wall of the casing 11, which constitutes the sand drain 10, thereby exhibiting the particularly excellent effect of causing the already collected water around the periphery of the casing 11 to be pushed out of the ground at the same time.

Ved sanddræn-konstruktionsmetoden bliver et antal rør, som er anbragt på en regulær polygonform, skubbet ind i jorden, mens de bliver vibreret af vibrationshammeren 24. Som det let forstås, strømmer det ovennævnte vand ud i det væsentlige lige til jordoverfladen gennem sanddrænet.In the sand drainage construction method, a plurality of tubes placed on a regular polygon shape are pushed into the ground while being vibrated by the vibration hammer 24. As is readily understood, the above water flows out substantially straight to the soil surface through the sand drain.

Når sanddrænet 10 er konstrueret i den bløde undergrund 35 som vist i fig. 4 (D), kommer lerpartikler ind i sandsøjlen 10 gennem maskerne 18 i hylsteret 11 sammen med vandet i den bløde undergrund. Det er sandt, at lerpartiklerne bliver tilbageholdt mellem sanddrænene 13 i sandsøjlen 12 i voksende omfang med tiden, hvilket nedsætter sanddrænets 10 vanddræningskapacitet en smule. Sammenlignet med tidligere kendte sanddræn, hvori fine masker i hylsteret bevirker, at en vanduigennemtrængelig film af ler dannes på hylsterets ydervæg og som følge deraf på relativ kort tid forhindrer passage af vand ind i sandsøjlen i hylr steret, frembyder sanddrænet ifølge opfindelsen imidlertid 8When the sand drain 10 is constructed in the soft subsoil 35 as shown in FIG. 4 (D), clay particles enter the sand column 10 through the masks 18 of the casing 11 along with the water in the soft subsoil. It is true that the clay particles are retained between the sand sinks 13 in the sand column 12, increasing over time, which slightly reduces the water drainage capacity of the sand drain 10. However, compared to prior art sand sinks, in which fine meshes in the sheath cause a water-impermeable film of clay to form on the outer wall of the sheath and consequently in a relatively short time prevent passage of water into the sand column of the sheath, the sand drain according to the invention provides 8

144BU144BU

en langt mindre nedgang af sanddræningskapaciteten med tiden, fordi maskerne 18 i hylsteret 11 ikke er særligt tilbøjelige til at blive tilstoppet. Under den normale brug af sanddrænet ifølge opfindelsen kan man i praksis se bort fra ovennævnte tilstopning.a much smaller decrease in sand drainage capacity over time, because the masks 18 in the casing 11 are not very likely to become clogged. During the normal use of the sand drain according to the invention, the above-mentioned clogging can be practically ignored.

Forskydning af en belastning på blød undergrund giver sædvanligvis anledning til komplicerede forskydninger i de forskellige dele af undergrunden. Med det tidligere kendte sanddræn har sandsøjlen derfor en meget stor diameter (sædvanligvis mere end 40 cm), for at være ubeskadiget af den forstyrrelse som følger af forskydning af under-grundlaget, og desuden er hylsteret fremstillet af materiale med meget stor trækstyrke. I modsætning hertil er sanddrænet 10 ifølge opfindelsen ikke fremstillet tilstrækkeligt stift ligesom det tidligere kendte for at opretholde en lodret stilling til trods for enhver forskydning af undergrund-laget, men som vist i fig. 4 (E) gjort frit fleksibel for at imødegå en forskydningskraft ved opretholdelse af strukturens kontinuitet og derved undgå brud som følge af enhver forskydningskraft og altid opretholde en fast diameter, ligegyldigt hvilken stilling sanddrænet 10 indtager.Displacement of a load on soft subsurface usually gives rise to complicated displacements in the different parts of the subsurface. Therefore, with the prior art sand drain, the sand column has a very large diameter (usually more than 40 cm), to be undamaged by the disturbance resulting from shear of the substrate, and in addition, the casing is made of very high tensile material. In contrast, the sand drain 10 of the invention is not made sufficiently rigid like the prior art to maintain a vertical position despite any displacement of the subsurface layer, but as shown in FIG. 4 (E) made freely flexible to counter a shear force by maintaining the continuity of the structure, thereby avoiding fractures as a result of any shear force and always maintaining a fixed diameter, regardless of the position of the sand drain 10.

Desuden er hylsteret 11 ifølge opfindelsen fremstillet af stof 15, som har grove masker 18 og er mere bøjeligt end det finmaskede hylster ved tidligere kendte sanddræn og medvirker til sanddrænets 10 fleksibilitet.In addition, the casing 11 of the invention is made of fabric 15 which has coarse mesh 18 and is more flexible than the finely masked casing of prior art sand sinks and contributes to the flexibility of the sand drain 10.

Idet dybden af jorden 35, hvortil sanddrænet 10 er drevet, er angivet som L og diameteren af sanddrænet 10 som D er det eksperimentelt bevist, at hvis forholdet mellem L og D overstiger omkring 40, vil sanddrænet 10 være fuldt fleksibelt. Idet sanddrænet sædvanligvis drives til en jorddybde på omtrent 10 m, er diameteren D for sanddrænet maksimalt omkring 25 cm. Afhængig af tilstanden af den bløde undergrund 35 vælges sanddrænet imidlertid til praktisk talt at have en diameter D, som ligger imellem 5 og 25 cm. Sand- 9 144644 drænet 10 ifølge opfindelsen har den ovennævnte lille diameter i forhold til de over 40 cm diameter ved tidligere kendte sanddræn, hvilket muliggør, at et antal sanddræn 10 kan drives i jorden samtidig med en kortere byggeperiode, end det har været muligt tidligere.Given the depth of the soil 35 to which the sand drain 10 is driven, given as L and the diameter of the sand drain 10 as D, it has been experimentally proven that if the ratio of L to D exceeds about 40, the sand drain 10 will be fully flexible. Since the sand drain is usually driven to a soil depth of about 10 m, the diameter D of the sand drain is a maximum of about 25 cm. However, depending on the state of the soft subsoil 35, the sand drain is chosen to have practically a diameter D which is between 5 and 25 cm. Sand drainage 10 according to the invention has the above-mentioned small diameter with respect to the above 40 cm diameter for previously known sand sinks, which allows a number of sand sinks 10 to be driven into the soil at a shorter construction period than has been possible in the past. .

Hvis Barron's teori benyttes ved metoden til konstruktion af en sanddrænet undergrund vil den tid, som kræves for stabilisering af undergrunden på grund af konsolidering, være proportional med kvadratet på den effektive diameter af et sanddræns indflydelsescirkel. Det er derfor kendt at en tæt konstruktion af sanddræn med ringe diameter har større økonomisk betydning end et tyndt undergrundsarrangement af sanddræn med stor diameter.If Barron's theory is used in the method of constructing a sand-drained subsurface, the time required to stabilize the subsurface due to consolidation will be proportional to the square of the effective diameter of a sand-drain circle. It is therefore known that a dense structure of small diameter sand sinks is of greater economic importance than a thin underground arrangement of large diameter sand sinks.

Idet belastningskapaciteten for sandsøjlen 12 pr. enhed rundtgående længde for hylsteret 11 er proportional med diameteren D af hylsteret 11, frembyder et hylster med ringe diameter den fordel at belastningskapaciteten for sandsøjlen nedsættes.Since the load capacity of the sand column 12 per unit circumferential length of the casing 11 is proportional to the diameter D of the casing 11, a casing of small diameter offers the advantage of reducing the load capacity of the sand column.

DK413073A 1973-05-22 1973-07-26 RUDE SHAPE HOLES TO A CANDLE DK144644C (en)

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JP5637873 1973-05-22
JP48056378A JPS506115A (en) 1973-05-22 1973-05-22

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AR (1) AR202279A1 (en)
DE (1) DE2365445C2 (en)
DK (1) DK144644C (en)
GB (2) GB1429890A (en)
HK (2) HK62579A (en)
IT (1) IT1016013B (en)
MY (2) MY7700088A (en)
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DE2338590A1 (en) 1974-12-05
SE7611853L (en) 1976-10-26
SE410986B (en) 1979-11-19
SE401006B (en) 1978-04-17
GB1429890A (en) 1976-03-31
DE2365445A1 (en) 1975-03-06
HK62679A (en) 1979-09-07
AR202279A1 (en) 1975-05-30
NL7311131A (en) 1974-11-26
HK62579A (en) 1979-09-07
NL172473B (en) 1983-04-05
GB1429889A (en) 1976-03-31
US3859798A (en) 1975-01-14
DK144644C (en) 1982-10-04
JPS506115A (en) 1975-01-22
MY7700087A (en) 1977-12-31
IT1016013B (en) 1977-05-30
MY7700088A (en) 1977-12-31
NL172473C (en) 1983-09-01
DE2338590B2 (en) 1975-08-14
DE2365445C2 (en) 1982-09-02

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