DE967011C - Process for carrying out photochemical processes, in particular for producing symmetrical tetrachloroethane - Google Patents
Process for carrying out photochemical processes, in particular for producing symmetrical tetrachloroethaneInfo
- Publication number
- DE967011C DE967011C DES43484A DES0043484A DE967011C DE 967011 C DE967011 C DE 967011C DE S43484 A DES43484 A DE S43484A DE S0043484 A DES0043484 A DE S0043484A DE 967011 C DE967011 C DE 967011C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- action
- atomized
- carrying
- under
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloroethene Chemical group ClC=CCl KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/013—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens
- C07C17/04—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Durchführung fotochemischer Prozesse, insbesondere zum Herstellen symmetrischen Tetrachloräthans Es sind verschiedene Verfahren zur Durchführung fotochemischer Prozesse bekannt. Einige seien an Hand der Herstellung symmetrischen Tetrachloräthans näher erläutert. Es kann z. B. ein symmetrisches Dichloräthylen unter Einwirkung von elementarem Chlor und einer Ultraviolettbestrahlung entweder in der Dampfphase bei 80 bis 100° oder unter Einleiten von Chlor in flüssiges symmetrisches Dichloräthylen zu Tetrachloräthylen umgesetzt werden. Schließlich ist es auch bekannt, unter Verwendung von Benzoylperoxyd als Katalysator Dichloräthylen mit 5 O2 C12 zu chlorieren. Process for carrying out photochemical processes, in particular for producing symmetrical tetrachloroethane There are different methods for doing this Implementation of photochemical processes known. Some are on hand of manufacture symmetrical tetrachloroethane explained in more detail. It can e.g. B. a symmetrical one Dichlorethylene under the action of elemental chlorine and ultraviolet radiation either in the vapor phase at 80 to 100 ° or with the introduction of chlorine into liquid symmetrical dichloroethylene can be converted to tetrachlorethylene. In the end It is also known to use benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst dichloroethylene to chlorinate with 5 O2 C12.
Diese bekannten Verfahren haben den Nachteil, daß entweder die Ausbeute zu gering ist oder aber daß relativ viel Verlustwärme, die schwer abzuführen ist, auftritt. Wenn zwar bei der Reaktion von flüssigem symmetrischem Dichloräthylen mit Chlor unter Einwirkung von ultravioletten Strahlen schon eine Besserung der bisher bekannten Verfahren zu erzielen war, so ist aber der Zeitaufwand für die Reaktion noch relativ hoch.These known methods have the disadvantage that either the yield is too little or that a relatively large amount of waste heat, which is difficult to dissipate, occurs. If indeed in the reaction of liquid symmetrical dichloroethylene with chlorine under the action of ultraviolet rays already an improvement in the previously known method was to be achieved, but the time required for the Reaction still relatively high.
Es ist ferner an sich bekannt, Flüssigkeiten in zerstäubtem Zustand einer Ultraviolettbestrahlung auszusetzen. Hierbei bildet aber die Gasatmosphäre keine Komponente des Verfahrens; sie ist also für den Prozeß neutral. It is also known per se, liquids in an atomized state exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Here, however, forms the gas atmosphere not a component of the process; it is therefore neutral for the process.
Durch die Erfindung wurde nun erkannt, daß sich die fotochemische Reaktion wesentlich beschleunigen läßt, wobei aus Sicherheitsgründen ein kontinuierliches Verfahren in einem relativ kleinen Reaktionsgefäß am zweckmäßigsten erscheint. The invention has now recognized that the photochemical Can accelerate reaction significantly, with a continuous for safety reasons Procedure in a relatively small reaction vessel appears to be most expedient.
Auch bei dem Verfahren zur Durchführung fotochemischer Prozesse zwischen einem flüssigen und einem gasförmigen Stoff unter Einwirkung von Strahlen des elektromagnetischen Frequenzspektrums, vorzugsweise des Wellenlängenbereiches 10 my bis IQ3 mu, zum Herstellen symmetrischen Tetrachloräthans nach der Erfindung wird die flüssige Komponente mit einem Gas unter gleichzeitiger Einwirkung einer Bestrahlung und gegebenenfalls von Wärme umgesetzt. Erfindungsgemäß wird jedoch die flüssige Komponente in eine strahlungausgesetzte Gasatmosphäre, also die zweite Ksmponente, zerstäubt eingeführt. Am zweckmäßigsten wird die flüssige Komponente unter Einwirkung von Ultraschallschwingungen zerstäubt. Durch entsprechend Wahl der Frequenz und der Schallleistung ist es bei Verwendung von Ultraschallschwingungen mit Konvergenzpunkt der ausgestrahlten Schwingungen möglich, die Flüssigkeit zu einem feinen Nebel mit einer Tröpfchengröße < 2 u zu zerstäuben. Hierzu ist der Konvergenzschwin ger mit einer Njlindestfrequenz von 2 MHz bei einer Mindestschalleistung von 20 VA zu erregen. Ein derartiger Nebel schlägt sich selbständig nicht nieder, und es wird damit eine so große Grenzfläche zwischen der flüssigen und der gasförmigen Komponente geschaffen, daß der Umsatz gegenüber allen bisher bekannten Verfahren wesentlich beschleunigt wird. Außerdem ist die Bestrahlung auch wesentlich wirksamer, da die Angriffsfläche der flüssigen Komponente entscheidend vergrößert werden konnte. Also in the process of performing photochemical processes between a liquid and a gaseous substance under the action of electromagnetic radiation Frequency spectrum, preferably of the wavelength range 10 my to IQ3 mu, for Producing symmetrical tetrachloroethane according to the invention is the liquid component with a gas with simultaneous exposure to irradiation and optionally implemented by heat. According to the invention, however, the liquid component is in a Radiation-exposed gas atmosphere, i.e. the second component, introduced in atomized form. The liquid component is most expediently under the action of ultrasonic vibrations atomized. By choosing the frequency and the sound power accordingly, it is at Use of ultrasonic vibrations with a point of convergence of the emitted vibrations possible, the liquid to a fine mist with a droplet size <2 u to atomize. For this purpose, the convergence oscillation has a minimum frequency of 2 MHz with a minimum switching power of 20 VA. Such a fog does not precipitate on its own, and it becomes such a large interface between the liquid and the gaseous component created that sales is significantly accelerated compared to all previously known methods. aside from that the irradiation is also much more effective, since the attack surface of the liquid Component could be increased significantly.
Bei der Herstellung von Tetrachloräthan wird beispielsweise symmetrisches Dichloräthylen unter Einwirkung von Ultraschallschwingungen in einer Chlorgasatmosphäre zerstäubt und unter i:inwirkung einer Ultraviolettstrahlung umgesetzt. Zweckmäßig wird das Verfahren kontinuierlich durchgeführt, wobei das im Reaktionsraum entstehende Tetrachloräthan durch das vorteilhaft in Richtung der Ultraviolettstrahlerachse nachströmende Chlor aus diesem verdrängt wird. Der aus dem Reaktionsraum austretende Tetrachloräthannebel kann mit üblichen Mitteln dann niedergeschlagen werden. In the production of tetrachloroethane, for example, is symmetrical Dichlorethylene under the action of ultrasonic vibrations in a chlorine gas atmosphere atomized and reacted under the action of ultraviolet radiation. Appropriate the process is carried out continuously, the resulting in the reaction chamber Tetrachloroethane by the advantageous in the direction of the ultraviolet radiator axis subsequent chlorine is displaced from this. The one emerging from the reaction space Tetrachloroethane mist can then be precipitated using conventional means.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das vorstehend beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, und die Zerstäubung der bei fotochemischen Reaktionen vorhandenen flüssigen Komponente wird in jedem Fall zu einer Beschleunigung der Reaktion bei Einwirkung von Strahlen des elektromagnetischen Frequenzspektrums, insbesondere von Ultraviolettstrahlen, beitragen. The invention is not limited to the embodiment described above limited, and the atomization of the liquid present in photochemical reactions Component will in any case accelerate the response when exposed from rays of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum, in particular from ultraviolet rays, contribute.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DES43484A DE967011C (en) | 1955-04-15 | 1955-04-15 | Process for carrying out photochemical processes, in particular for producing symmetrical tetrachloroethane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DES43484A DE967011C (en) | 1955-04-15 | 1955-04-15 | Process for carrying out photochemical processes, in particular for producing symmetrical tetrachloroethane |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE967011C true DE967011C (en) | 1957-09-26 |
Family
ID=7484758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DES43484A Expired DE967011C (en) | 1955-04-15 | 1955-04-15 | Process for carrying out photochemical processes, in particular for producing symmetrical tetrachloroethane |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE967011C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990004581A1 (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-05-03 | Schmidt Guenter | Method for preparing (+)-isocitric acid and its derivatives |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE175044C (en) * | 1903-10-28 | |||
DE681808C (en) * | 1934-06-10 | 1939-10-02 | Stickstoffduenger Ag F | Process for the production of organic acid anhydrides |
DE830941C (en) * | 1949-05-20 | 1952-02-07 | Siemens Ag | Process for the ultraviolet irradiation of liquids |
CH281747A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1952-03-31 | Ag Usag Ultraschall | Process for performing chemical reactions. |
-
1955
- 1955-04-15 DE DES43484A patent/DE967011C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE175044C (en) * | 1903-10-28 | |||
DE681808C (en) * | 1934-06-10 | 1939-10-02 | Stickstoffduenger Ag F | Process for the production of organic acid anhydrides |
DE830941C (en) * | 1949-05-20 | 1952-02-07 | Siemens Ag | Process for the ultraviolet irradiation of liquids |
CH281747A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1952-03-31 | Ag Usag Ultraschall | Process for performing chemical reactions. |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990004581A1 (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-05-03 | Schmidt Guenter | Method for preparing (+)-isocitric acid and its derivatives |
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