DE955409C - Process for the temporary dyeing of textile materials and dye preparations for this - Google Patents

Description

Process for the temporary dyeing of textile materials and dye preparations therefor The invention relates to the temporary dyeing of textiles, in particular the volatile staining of fibers. Cellulose acetate or other cellulosic starfish .or -ether.

In the textile industry, ice cream is common on textile threads or to apply washable dyes to other textile materials in order to identify them facilitate during processing. Often times it is of great benefit to you recognize certain threads in a warp during weaving or at a glance a yarn. art can be different from another. Furthermore, it is in processing of mixtures of two different types of staple fibers, for example a mixture made of cellulose acetate staple fibers and wool fibers, expediently, which is one type of fiber colored so that, by visual inspection of the mixture, one can tell whether: the mixture of fibers is complete or sufficient. It eats of course important that the washable dye used after it has served its purpose has, without further ado, preferably by normal. Wash, is removable. To this In general, the dye must be of such a nature that. that he resistant to fixation on the textile fiber dyed with it or on other fibers mixed with such textile fibers is due to treatments how z. B. finishing, steaming, conditioning; Carrying out a crab process or Fixing with dry heat, as is sometimes the case with fabrics with synthetic fibers linear polymers, e.g. B. polyhexamethylene adipamide, can be used. The crab trial is a pre-fixation, which is often used in existing or containing wool Woven fabrics used as the first wet treatment of the fabric after exiting the loom will. In the usual practice, this method consists of a treatment with pure water at or near 100 °.

It is very difficult to find which dyes according to the different ones Treatment process that involves a mixture of wool fibers and cellulose acetate fibers subject to the usual processing of the mixture into yarns and fabrics: will remain washable.

Acid wool dyes are often useful. However, it has been observed that they can sometimes be steamed or even treated with small amounts cold water. Occasionally fixation occurred e.g. B. one if made of wool fibers and yarns made of cellulose acetate staple fibers have been conditioned by that they were on gunshots for several hours in a closed room wet porous fine baking floor were stored. Cold water tests, which are in. The following can be carried out in a laboratory: i. With yarn or loose Fibers becomes a test tube 12 mm wide and 15 cm long with colored material tightly packed and vice versa in a 100 cm3 beaker, which q. cm3 of water contains, set and left standing over Nascht.

a. In the case of woven fabrics, a piece of the dyed fabric is placed on a glass plate and on the same with the round end down a cylinder of 20 mm diameter and ao mm high made of stainless steel, which has an axially pierced hole of 6 mm has, set; 0.5 cm3 of water is dripped into the hole and the arrangement is poured over Left for the night.

In each case the material is then dried and checked for easy dye removability examined by briefly lathering. Many acidic dyes are used in such attempts fixed on the wool fibers or cellulose acetate fibers, so that they can be simply Rinsing in soapy water cannot be removed. Acid dyes are also used easily fixed on cellulose acetate fibers which, an essential. Acetone content from about 7 to. show io%. Fixation is therefore very likely to occur., when a solution of an acidic dye is applied to cellulose acetate fibers immediately after their formation by dry spinning from an acetone solution of cellulose acetate is applied.

It has been found that textile fibers perform very satisfactorily a direct one. Cotton dye in conjunction with a water-soluble. polymer of an N-vinyl lactam and especially colored with a polymer of N-vinyl pyrrolidone can be. To the. For example, cellulose acetate staple fibers can be used by wetting with water, which per liter of »Chlorazole Fast Pink BKS« (Color Index No. 353) and per liter q. g of commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidone, are colored, whereupon they are dried. The water-! Weight can be 50 to 100% of the weight of the fiber be. The fiber dyed in this way can be mixed with wool or with regenerated celluloses.tapelfaser mixed, the mixture to yarn, spun and the latter processed into fabric. The dye can be easily removed by washing with a mild soap solution, even if the material has been left wet for several hours, e.g. B. according to the cold water test described above, or if it is during a period of Was steamed for 15 minutes at a temperature of 100 °. Another off, the presence the resulting advantage of the polymerized N-vinyl lactam is the very good color value, which is achieved with the direct cotton dye. Usually will be very Little staining visible when cellulose acetate fibers with a simple aqueous Solution of a direct cotton dye moistened and then dried. It appears that a dispensing agent type substance is necessary to achieve a To prevent agglomeration of the dye into relatively large particles when its aqueous solution is dried on the fibers. The addition polymer of a N-vinyl lactams serve this purpose.

The water-soluble polymer preferably used is the one mentioned above N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Pyrrolidone is the lactam of γ-aminobutyric acid. It can Polymers of vinyl derivatives of other amino fatty acids are also used be e.g. B. N-vinyl-z-piperidone and N-vinyl capro, lactam. Furthermore, water-soluble Heteropolymers can be used which are composed of two or more N-vinyl lactams as polymerizable Components are derived, also water-soluble heteropolymers, which from a N-vinylractam and another ethylene compound that can be polymerized with it are e.g. B. a neutral polymerizable ethylene compound, such as. B. Acrylonitrile, Vinyl chloride, an acrylic acid ester or a methacrylic acid ester.

The .Anteil of the to prevent a fixation of the cotton dye necessary polymerized vinyl lactams can be determined very easily by experiment will. When using commercially available - direct cotton dyes and the commercially available Polyvinylpyrrolidone products can generally result in very satisfactory results can be achieved when the weight of the polymerization product used 3 to 6 times the weight of the dye. If the commercial direct Cotton dye contains zo% actual dye (which is the case with ordinary cotton direct dyes is a common content) and the commercial polyvinylpyrrolidone is 30% actual Polyvinyl pyrrolidone contains the numbers given above 4.5 to 9 parts by weight of actual polyvinylpyrrolidone per part by weight of actual Color. fabric. Larger proportions of polymer can be used, but mean no essential. Profit. In general, very good results can be achieved with approximately 6 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone can be obtained for each part of dye.

Various direct cotton dyes can be used in dyeing textile fibers according to the invention. In general, it is advantageous to use direct cotton dyes, which have a relatively long half-dyeing time in the case of viscose rayon, as described in that by CM Whittaker and C. Wilcock in. "Dyeing wich Coal-Tar Dyestuffs", 5th edition, vol. 1949, pp. 239, is measured in the manner described. For example, the dyes can have a semi-coloring time of at least 10 minutes, for example at least 50 minutes.

Examples of direct cotton dyes which have given excellent results are the above-mentioned Chlorazole Fast Pink BKS (Color Index No. 353) (half-dyeing time = 28o minutes), Chlorantine light blue 3GLL (Schultz, Dye Tables, 7th Edition, Vol. II, p. 47 ) (Half-dyeing time = 126 minutes) and diphenyl light blue green BL (Schultz, Dye Tables', 7th edition, Erg.-Bd. I, p. 87) (half-dyeing time = zoo minutes). On the other hand, very good results would be achieved with Chryso @ phenine G (Color Index No. 365), which only has a semi-coloring time of 0.26 minutes. Other direct cotton dyes which can be used are chlorantine light green BLL (Schultz, dye tables, 7th edition, Erg.- Vol. I, p. 79), Durazol Blue 2 RS (Schultz, dye tables, 7th edition, Erg.-Vol . II No. 617), Durazol Fast Paper Blue io GS (copper phthalocyanine sulfonic acid), diphenyl brilliant pink BL (Schultz, Dye Tables, 7th Edition, Erg.-Vol. II, p. 73) and Sun Yellow 3G (Color, Index No. . 62o).

The dye and the additional polymer of an N-vinyl lactam can be the fibers together with textile finishing agents, e.g. B. sizing agents or lubricants, be applied.

The direct cotton dye and the polymer of an N-vinyl lactam are expediently fed to the textile fiber as an aqueous solution, whereupon the fibers can be dried to prevent dye and polymer deposits on them to leave behind. The solution can be a finishing agent for the textile fibers, e.g. B. a sizing agent or a lubricant. A lubricant, e.g. B. a mineral oil, can. for example in the solution by a suitable emulsifying agent be emulsified.

Various paths can be taken to the customer, the solutions will. Cellulose acetate staple fibers can be used to achieve the desired Color shade sufficient amount of an aqueous solution of a direct tree wo @ ll dye and a polymerized N-vinyl- 'lactam, whereupon the fibers then be dried. The staple fibers can also be saturated with the dye liquid will; whereupon they are then expressed veins ejected so that the required Amount of liquid remains on the material. For simultaneous dyeing and greasing, of Celluloseacetats.tapelfverbindungen you can with an aqueous solution of per liter o, i to i g Chlorazole Fast Pink BKS (or other of the direct above Cotton dyes), which contains 3 to 5 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone per liter and is in which o, i to i o / o mineral oil (viscosity 50 seconds Saybolt at 38 °) through the triethanolamine salt of oleylsulfuric acid is emulsified, soaked through. The material is then spun out so that 3o to 8o% liquid (based on on the dry weight of the material), whereupon it is then dried.

If desired, the water-soluble polymers can be the N-vinyl lactams containing aqueous dye solutions the cellulose acetate fibers during their Production according to the dry spinning process are added continuously. To the For example, cellulose acetate fibers can be dry-spun from a number of spinnerets, that come into contact with an anti-static. Agent containing mineral oil The soaked wick can be greased and combined to form a fiber bundle. the Color solution is added to the fiber bundle z. B. by spraying or simply trickling on added. The fiber bundle can then be collected in vessels for further processing will. Optionally can. it is fed directly to a crimper of the type be, in which the fiber bundle by conveyor rollers in a box with a loaded exit door through which the crimped fiber bundle exits, pressed will. In this case, the water of the aqueous dye liquid can be used to to support the crimping process. The fiber bundle can then directly to a corresponding Cutting machine, in which it is converted into staple fibers.

The new method of temporary dyeing is for cellulose acetate fibers particularly valuable in the form of staple fibers or endless threads. It is however, for the reasons given above for cellulose acetate staple fibers, therefore of particular users because the dyed staple fibers are mixed with wool and the mixture can easily be processed into yarns or fabrics can, from. which can easily and completely change the color with a mild washing process can be removed.

The new dyeing process can also be used for fibers made from other cellulose esters or fibers made from cellulose ethers, e.g. B. with fibers made of cellulose propionate, acetate propionate, acetate butyrate or with fibers made of Ethyloellulose. The dyeing process can also be applied to textile fibers of other types, e.g. B. in animal fibers, e.g. B. wool or silk, or cellulose fibers, z. B. cotton or regenerated cellulose fibers, e.g. B. those. Which are produced by the viscose process. It can also be used for fibers made from synthetic condensation or addition polymers. This can be the case with fibers made from linear polyamides. be applied, e.g. B. linear polyamides from dicarboxylic acids and diamines, e.g. B. polyhexamethylene adipamide, in the case of fibers made from linear Polyärriinocarbonsäuren, z. B. polyaminocaproic acid, for fibers made of polyurethanes, fibers made of linear polyester, z. B. a polyester made of glycol and terephthalic acid, and for fibers made of the following condensation polymers: Acrylnitr'ilpolymeren, z. B. polyacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile-vinylchloride copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers and vinylidene chloride-vinylchloride copolymers. Fabric made of polyhexamethylene, adipamide yarn, which according to the invention is dyed with Chlorazole Fast Pink BKS and polyvinylpyrrolidone, can, for example, be fixed with dry heat at az5 to. 23o ° are subjected. Without the coloring against. Removal by washing for 30 minutes in ag per liter of soap solution with 0.3 g per liter of soda would have become resistant.

The process is valuable even when the fiber to be dyed does not belong to yours, which are apt to be colored continuously, if the usual. Coloring processes are used, such as with polyglycol terephthalate. The new procedure ensures that not just any more sensitive fibers, which are processed together with the dyed fiber, through of the colored fiber. transferred dye can be permanently colored.

The invention includes concentrated preparations which direct Contain cotton dye and the water-soluble addition polymer of an N-vinyl lactam, from which. coloring liquids can be produced by mixing with water, which are suitable for temporary dyeing of textile fibers. Such concentrated Preparations can contain from 1% dye upwards, e.g. B. from a to io% or 150/0 or more, the dye with the required proportion of N-vinyl lactam polymer is mixed, e.g. B. .. with 4.5 to 9 times the weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone. These concentrated preparations- can take the form of aqueous liquids or Pastes or solid bodies, such as powders or the like, have, the latter being im.großen and are all free of water. The preparations can also contain other materials than contain the dye and polymerized N-vinyl lactam, e.g. B. Textile fatliquor or other textile finishes or dextrins, inorganic salts or others Substances commonly found in commercial cotton direct dyes are.

Concentrated preparations can be easily obtained by mixing the commercially available ones direct cotton dyes with a concentrated solution of the polymerized -merized N-vinyl lactams are produced, whereby clear solutions can be achieved. Preparations, which are essentially anhydrous can be obtained by drying. One can. z. B. by stirring i part by weight of dry chlorazole Fast Pink BKS aoo% with 8 parts by weight of commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidone (30% solid components) achieve a clear ruby-red solution which contains about 4.5% of dye and can be diluted with water. By drying in thin layers this can be ruby red Solution can be converted into a friable film, which can easily be converted into an approximately iz% dye-containing powder can be processed. Optionally, the Solution dried by spraying. so immediately a dry powder to obtain .. The film or the powder are very easily soluble in cold water ..

Similar compounds can be created by replacing the Chlorazole Fast Pink BKS can be prepared by other of the direct cotton dyes mentioned above.

As already mentioned, the textile fibers dyed according to the invention can easily be freed from their color by simple treatment. However, if the dyed fibers consist of cellulose or are mixed with cellulose fibers, it is not advisable to subject the material to treatments with aqueous liquids which contain a substantial proportion of an electrolyte in the presence of the dye, as otherwise there is a risk of certain dyes that the dye is fixed on the cellulose. Therefore, if such treatment is required in the normal working of the material, it is advisable to first remove the dye with an aqueous liquid which does not contain a substantial proportion of an electron lyte. This treatment can be carried out at a low ratio of liquid to goods, e.g. B. less than io: i can be achieved.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for the temporary dyeing of textile materials, in particular of cellulose esters or ethers, with direct dyes, the textile materials being moistened in an aqueous dye bath and then. be dried, characterized in that your dye bath a. water-soluble polymerization product of an N-vinyl lactam, in particular a polyvinylpyrrolidone, is added. z. Dye preparation, in particular in solid form, for carrying out the process according to claim i, which contains a direct dye and a water-soluble polymerization product of an N-vinyl lactam, characterized in that the dye content is at least i% and the polymer content is at least 4.5 times the dye content. Publications considered: CE Schi 1 dknecht, "Vinyl und Related Polymers", New York, 195z, p. 677.