DE9421108U1 - Wall component - Google Patents

Description

DIPPING. HORST ROSE DIPPING. PETER KOSEL t>ü*L-iNÄ FSTBR PATENT ATTORNEYS '.."..' ·..·'··" ADMISSIONED BY THE EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE - EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS

Patent attorneys Rose, Kose! & Sobisch · Odastrasse 4a

Odastrasse4a, D-37581 Bad Gandersheim D-37581 Bad Gandersheim

Germany

Telephone {05382)4038 Fax (05382)4030

YourRef. OurRef. Date

2149/446 02 March 1995

Karl-Heinz Vahlbrauk

DESCRIPTION

Wall element

The invention relates to a wall construction element according to the preamble of claim 1.

Wall elements of building construction, but also ceilings and floors, must be designed and built from a structural point of view, but also with regard to heat and sound insulation. In addition, there are requirements regarding preventive fire protection, which generally requires special measures when using organic materials to ensure that no dangers are posed by any toxic carbonization gases that may be produced. In order to keep the extent of manual work during the construction of buildings as low as possible with regard to the costs involved, it is advisable to use largely industrially prefabricated components. With increasing prefabrication of such components

-2-PS/La/K

Bank account: NORD/LB, NL Bad Gandersheim (BL^äfcö SK) OQf, Account no. 2i 113? 920,-Giro account: Postgiraamt Hannover (bank code 250100 30), Account no. 66715-307

On the other hand, the flexibility of the construction site is diminishing, especially when it comes to subsequent modifications. The extent of industrial prefabrication must therefore remain limited.

From the German patent application P 43 30 762.0, a wall element for building construction is known which consists of at least one building block made of a geopolymer material that encloses cavities and has a trapezoidal external cross-section, whereby flat or polygonally curved wall elements can be produced by interposing fitting parts made of the same material that are bonded to the building blocks in a homogeneous manner, i.e. again using a geopolymer material. The designated cavities can be used to accommodate installation equipment, to guide a heat transfer medium, to improve the heat and sound insulation properties, but also to statically reinforce the wall element. The individual pig stone can also be partly made of foam material and partly unfoamed, so that it is possible to use it to provide wall parts with increased thermal conductivity, so that, for example, in the case of external walls, these parts are suitable for absorbing and transmitting incident thermal radiation.

From DE 41 24 982 A1, a tubular component is known, for example, made of a geopolymer material or ceramic, in which parts of the peripheral area are porous, namely open-pored, so that this component is suitable for air conditioning, in particular for ventilation and/or de-aeration of rooms. Moist warm air flowing within this component can, due to the partially porous design on the peripheral side,

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Oil can also be used for room temperature control and room humidification, whereby large-area walls can be made from these components, which simultaneously provide a heat and fluid exchange between the room to be air-conditioned on the one hand and the interior of the components on the other.

Geopolymer materials are known, for example, from "Ceramic Matrix for Composites", Ceram. Eng. Sei. Proc, pages 835 to 841, DE 35 12 515 C2, DE 32 29 339 C2 and DE 33 03 409 C2. These materials can be used in construction, among other things, in numerous modifications, e.g. foamed and unfoamed, reinforced or unreinforced. They essentially have the properties of ceramic materials, but the plant- and energy-intensive firing process characteristic of this latter group of materials is omitted. These materials can be processed by casting and foaming and harden in a mold at temperatures below 100 C. On the other hand, these materials can be subsequently ceramized using high-temperature treatment.

The object of the invention is to further develop a wall element of the type described at the outset while maintaining a high degree of on-site flexibility with regard to assembly aspects. This object is achieved in such a construction element by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

What is essential to the invention is that the building elements, which are to be regarded as modular parts of wall elements, are designed as structural bars, each of which encloses hollow spaces. The flexibility of using these structural bars is ensured by the hollow spaces mentioned,

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Oil so that the building rods as such only form the outer frame. The building rods are made of a geopolymer material and therefore contain all the advantages of this material, which include easy mechanical processing, especially machining, which is of great importance for subsequent structural changes. These advantages also include the possibility of bonding the building elements together in a homogeneous material to form wall elements, so that the outer structure of the wall element can be considered to be completely homogeneous in terms of material. The wall elements made from these building rods can also be used in a variety of ways within a building structure. This includes, for example, load-bearing or merely load-bearing walls, partition walls, but also ceilings and floors, stairs, etc. Different building physics requirements with regard to statics, heat and sound insulation, but also installation technology, air conditioning and temperature control of rooms can be easily taken into account, among other things, by using the cavities accordingly and by conditioning, in particular structuring, the geopolymer material.

The features of claims 2 and 3 are aimed at the most appropriate design of the structural bars, as far as their material setting and their size are concerned. When made from a geopolymer foam material, the structural bars can have a length that corresponds to the height of a storey, whereby, due to the relatively low density, no major assembly problems arise.

The features of claim 4 are limited to the main

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Ol chen possibilities of using the mentioned cavities of the construction bars according to the invention. These are filled with concrete, possibly in reinforced form, with a view to improving the structural load-bearing capacity.

However, these can also be used to accommodate installation components, e.g. pipes, but also electrical cables. Finally, the cavities can be used directly as media lines for fresh or waste water, but also for guiding a heat transfer medium within a heating circuit or for the purposes of ventilation and air conditioning of rooms. In all of these cases, the structural members are arranged and connected to one another in such a way that a closed network of lines is created for use as a media line.

The features of claims 5 and 6 are directed to the geometric design of the structural bars with regard to their external cross-section. These will therefore usually have a rectangular, square or hexagonal cross-sectional shape.

The building rods are glued together according to the features of claims 7 and 8, which can either be done using a geopolymer material, so that a materially homogeneous overall structure is obtained. However, this can also be done using a mineral adhesive based on a cement-polymer dispersion, the latter of which has the advantage of a certain elasticity.

For example, if the cross-sections of the structural bars are formed in the form of regular hexagons, triangular recesses are created when they are placed sideways to form a wall element,

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Ol which in turn can be used in a variety of ways. This use can be made according to the features of claim 9 with a view to improving the static load-bearing capacity or the transverse stiffness of the wall element - however, use for the purposes of installation technology is also possible.

According to the features of claim 10, the building rods can be foamed over only part of their circumference and the rest can be made compact, i.e. unfoamed. This has the advantage that when a heat transfer medium is guided within the said cavities, heat transfer takes place essentially only to the side of the building rod that is made compact, whereas in the other directions, which are characterized by the foamed setting of the building rod material, no significant heat transfer takes place. This design can be used particularly advantageously in the context of room heating via the wall or the floor. Further possible uses, in the case of use in the context of external walls, are that heat radiation hitting the compact side of the building rods is absorbed and can be dissipated via a heat transfer medium flowing within the cavity and can be used in the context of a heating system.

The cladding elements covering the front and back of the wall element according to the features of claims 11 and 12 can be glued to the structural bars - however, a detachable connection in the form of a screw connection is also possible.

According to the features of claim 13, at least the inner surfaces of the cavities adjacent to the

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Ol layers of the construction bars are compact, i.e. conditioned without foam. This is particularly useful if the cavities are used directly for media guidance. In principle, however, the entire surface of the construction bar can also be designed to be compact in this sense.

Further modifications concern the open-pored configuration of the material of the structural bars - seen in the circumferential direction. By having such a design over at least part of the circumference, it can also contribute to room air conditioning, namely by passing a moist heat transfer medium, i.e. one loaded with water vapor, through the cavity, which can escape into the environment due to the open-pored design of the structural bar. Conversely, this can also simultaneously contribute to ventilation, in particular to the removal of pollutant-laden room air. Due to the large number of flow channels existing over the open-pored design, this design has the advantage of generating as little noise as possible.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiments shown schematically in the drawings. They show:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wall element according to the invention;

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a wall element according to the invention in cross-sectional view;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged partial view of a wall element according to the invention.

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Ol In Fig. 1, 1 designates rectangular cross-sectioned building rods made of a geopolymer foam material, which are placed sideways to one another in such a way that a flat front and back 3 of a wall element is produced. The building rods 1 are connected to one another at their joints either in a homogeneous manner, i.e. using a geopolymer material, which can be foamed or unfoamed, or a mineral adhesive based on a cement-polymer dispersion. The use of the latter adhesive gives the wall element increased elasticity against shear stresses parallel to the long sides of the building rods 1.

The construction bars 1 can basically have a length that corresponds to the height of a storey. However, they can also have shorter dimensions and be glued on the front side to provide the required length. Similar aspects apply to this bonding as to the longitudinal bonding, i.e. it can be either homogeneous or based on a cement-polymer dispersion.

Each structural member 1 contains a centrally arranged cavity 4 that extends along its longitudinal axis and is circular in cross section. The cavity extends continuously over the entire structural member 1 and can be used in a variety of ways.

A first use can be that the cavity is filled with concrete 5, namely with in-situ concrete, which can be used reinforced or unreinforced. The static load-bearing capacity of the structural member is increased considerably by such a concrete filling, so that a wall element which is at least partially made of such

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Ol is formed from structural bars 1, the cavities 4 of which are filled with concrete, and can be used in the context of load-bearing or at least co-load-bearing walls.

While the static properties of this wall are significantly influenced by the concrete, the good thermal insulation properties of the geopolymer foam material determine the thermal insulation values of the individual structural members.

A further use of the cavities 4 can be that at least one pipe 6 is housed in them. This pipe 6 can be one for carrying fresh water or also service water or waste water. A pipe of a heating system can also be considered, whereby the cavity 4 can also be filled with a foam material, preferably on a mineral basis, to further improve the thermal insulation.

The cavities 4 can also be used to guide electrical cables 7. Since the material of the structural bars 1, namely the geopolymer foam, can be machined in the simplest way, e.g. by drilling, sawing or the like, electrical switching devices can be accommodated in this way at any point on the structural bar, which interact with the cables accommodated within the cavity 4. If necessary, the holes in the walls of the structural bars caused by such switching devices can also be closed again, namely by inserting a component corresponding to the dimensions of the hole into it and preferably gluing it homogeneously to the walls.

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Finally, the cavities 4 can also remain as cavities, so that they only contribute to heat and sound insulation. The cavities 4 can also be used directly as media lines, in which case the material of the structural bars 1 is compact, i.e. conditioned to be pore-free, at least in the immediate vicinity of the inner walls of the cavities 4. Depending on the type of media conducted through the cavities 4, e.g. exhaust gases, acidic condensates, etc., a special coating can also be provided on the inside of these cavities 4.

The structural members 1 can generally be arranged vertically within a wall element. However, a horizontal arrangement or a mixed vertical-horizontal arrangement can also be considered.

It is also possible to arrange the structural members within the framework of ceilings, floors, stairs and other partially horizontal building elements.

8 denotes plate-like cladding elements, which cover the front 2 and the back 3 in a surface-wide manner and can be made of, for example, compact geopolymer material, cellular ceramic plates or even clinker. These cladding elements are adhesively connected to the building bars 1, whereby in the case of cladding elements made of geopolymer material, a materially homogeneous bond is preferably considered. In principle, however, a mineral adhesive based on a cement-polymer dispersion can also be used for this bonding. Finally, the cladding elements 8 can also be detachably connected, e.g. by screwing them to the building bars.

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Oil. This is recommended if frequent maintenance work or changes to the installation equipment located within the cavities 4 are to be expected.

The cladding elements 8 can also consist of profiled sheets and it is also possible to use plate elements made of reinforced geopolymer material.

The ß bars of the above embodiment are characterized in that they are of a homogeneous material, in particular they are of a homogeneous material structure. This means that they have the same thermal insulation properties as well as heat storage and heat radiation absorption properties on all sides.

In particular, if the cavities 4 are used as a surface network for guiding a heat transfer medium, e.g. air, which is either forced by a fan or subject to a pure convection flow, it is possible to make the individual building rods on one side from compact, i.e. unfoamed geopolymer material and on the other side from foam. The building rod can thus absorb heat radiation via the first side, in which case a dark coloring is appropriate, whereby this absorbed heat can be absorbed via the medium flowing within the cavities 4 and used for the purposes of building temperature control. In this way, it is possible to make the side of the walls facing the sun, in particular their building rods on the outside, from solid geopolymer material within a building, while on the side facing away from the sun, the building rods can be made solid on the inside. If the cavities 4 of the structural bars -

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If the pipes form a closed network of pipes in relation to at least part of the building structure, it is possible to absorb heat radiation, namely solar radiation, via the side of the building bars facing the sun and to use this heat to heat the side of the building facing away from the sun via the heat transfer medium flowing in the cavities 4.

However, the geopolymer material also offers the possibility of an open-pored setting, whereby a certain gas permeability can be achieved. This property of the building rods can be used for air conditioning rooms, for example by allowing an air-water vapor mixture to flow within the cavities 4, which is used through the pores of the building rods not only for temperature control, but also for humidifying the room air. Conversely, the porosity can also be used to achieve ventilation, in particular to remove polluted air. As an alternative to such an open-pored setting of the building rods over at least part of their outer circumference, individual openings can naturally also be provided, through which the cavity 4 is in an exchange relationship with the respective interior atmosphere of the building.

The embodiment of a wall element shown in Fig. 2 differs from that shown in Fig. 1 in that instead of rectangular or square structural bars 9 are used, the cross-sections of which each have the shape of a regular hexagon. The structural bars are again designed as hollow components and comprise a hollow space 10 that extends along their longitudinal axis and is circular in cross-section. The structural bars 9 are each provided with a

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Ol their peripheral sides, either by homogeneous bonding or by using a mineral adhesive based on a cement-polymer dispersion and preferably consist of a geopolymer foam material. They can also be designed to be one story high or consist of several segments bonded together in the same way on the front side.

In addition to a vertical arrangement of the structural members 9, a horizontal arrangement is also possible and the components formed from these can be used in the context of walls, namely load-bearing, co-load-bearing or pure partition walls, floors, ceilings and stairs.

The cavities 10 mentioned can again be used in the same way as those in example 1. A concrete filling 5 is considered here, which increases the static load-bearing capacity or another use of the cavity to accommodate installation equipment, e.g. electrical cables, pipelines or even a direct use of the cavity 10 as a media line .

Due to the cross-sectional geometry of the hexagonal structural bars 9, triangular recesses 13 are formed in the front 11 and back 12 in cross-section, which can also be used in a variety of ways. For example, a concrete filling 14 can be considered here, possibly in reinforced form. These recesses 13 can also be used to accommodate installations and pipes.

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Ol Another possibility for improving the static properties of the wall element formed from these structural bars 1 is to insert steel profile parts into these recesses 13, which are designed either as triangular hollow profile parts 15 or as angle profile parts 16. The cavities delimited by the profile parts 15, 16 can also be used in the manner described above.

The reference numeral 17 again designates cladding elements which are constructed in the same way as the cladding elements 8 according to Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 finally shows a variant of a construction bar 18, which in turn consists of a geopolymer foam material, in which a cylindrical cavity 19 partially ends in a surface, so that the cavity 19, whose longitudinal axis extends parallel to the outside 20 of the construction bar 18, is accessible from this outside. This outside 20 is in turn covered by a cladding element 21, which is designed in the same way as the cladding elements 8, 17 and is attached to the construction bar 18. The construction bar 18 can also have a width dimension that corresponds to that of a conventional wall element.

The cavity 19 can otherwise be used in the same way as in the previous embodiments. An electrical line 7 is shown in Fig. purely as an example.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 3 is suitable, among other things, for use as a component of a heating system, wherein a heat carrier is arranged within the cavity 19.

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Oil medium flows, whereby the cladding element 21 consists of solid, i.e. non-foamed geopolymer material, so that in the direction of the cladding element 21 there are good heat transfer properties, in the other direction, however, due to the

Foam properties of the geopolymer material of the structural member 18, however, are not. Likewise, this
Constellation can also be used in the context of an external wall, whereby the heat radiation incident on the cladding element 21, in particular in conjunction with a dark coloring, is absorbed and the heat transfer medium flowing within the cavity 19
removed and used in a heating system.

A further use of this principle can be made in the context of
an underfloor heating system, in which the cladding element 21 forms the upper layer intended for heat transfer and wherein the structural bars 18, in particular their cavities 19, form a planar network uniformly underlying the floor.

Claims (2)

DIPL.-ING. HORST ROSE DIPPING. PETER KOSEi DIPLi-ING..PETER SOSICH PATENT ATTORNEYS ** " ADMISSIONED BY THE EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE - EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS Patent Attorneys Rose, Kosei & Sobisch · Odastrasse 4a oteeAa, D-37581 Bad Gandersheim D-37581 Bad Gandersheim Germany Telephone (05382)4038
Fax (05382)4030 YourRef. OurRef. Date 2149/446 02 March 1995 Karl-Heinz Vahlbrauk EXPECTATIONS 1. Wall element for building construction, - consisting of at least one structural element made of a geopolymer material, enclosing at least one continuous cavity (4, 10, 19), - whereby at least side walls of the component are intended and designed for connection to other components for the purpose of forming the wall element, characterized, - that the building elements have the shape of building rods
(1,9,18) and - that the cavities (4,10,19) extend in the longitudinal direction of the structural members (1,9,18). -2 HP/La/K Bank account; NORD/LB, NL Bad Gandereheim (BLZ'250 5Ö0 tiOf, Kto. «'Mr. 32 1 1V.9f<>, Pcfetgiro account: Postgiroamt Hannover (BLZ 25010O 30), Kto.-Nr. 66715-307 Oil 2. Wall element according to claim 1, characterized in - that the structural members (1,9,18) have a length corresponding to one storey height. 3. Wall element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in - that the structural bars (1,9,18) consist at least partially of a geopolymer foam material. 4. Wall element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - that the cavities (4,10,19) can be used to accommodate structurally effective masses such as concrete, to accommodate installation equipment or as media lines for heating, ventilation of rooms or for conveying fresh or waste water. 5. Wall element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that - that the structural bars (1) have a rectangular cross-section. 6. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims to 4, characterized in that - that the structural bars (9) have a cross-section corresponding to a regular polygon. 7. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that -3- -3- Ol - that the structural members (1,9,18) are bonded together homogeneously. 8. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims to 6, characterized in that - that the structural bars (1,9,18) are bonded together by means of a mineral adhesive based on a cement-polymer dispersion. 9. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims to 8, characterized in that - that the building rods (9) are placed sideways together to form a wall element and - that the recesses (13) remaining in the front (11) and rear (12) remain as cavities, are filled with a structurally effective material such as concrete, serve to accommodate metallic structural elements that increase the strength of the wall element, such as profile parts (15,16) or to accommodate installation equipment. &iacgr;&ogr;. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims to 9, characterized in - that the structural bars consist of a foam material over one part of their circumference and of a compact, i.e. unfoamed, material over the other part. 11. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims -4- Ol 1 to 10, characterized in - that the front (2,11) and/or the back (3,12) are covered with cladding elements (8,21). 12. Wall element according to claim 11, characterized in - that the cladding elements (8,21) consist of profiled sheets or plates made of geopolymer material or of ceramic. 13. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least the inner surfaces of the cavities (4, 10, 19) are conditioned compactly, i.e. unfoamed.