DE925673C - Process for the production of high pressure oils - Google Patents

Description

Process for the production of high pressure oils The invention relates to a process for the production of high pressure oils, d. H. of lubricating oils that are characterized by a special compressive strength or film tear resistance.

The compressive strength or film tear strength of the lubricating oils Petroleum and tars of all kinds, as well as those produced by synthesis or by high-pressure hydrogenation Obtained lubricating oils is used for numerous purposes, e.g. B. for the lubrication of hypoid and worm gears, roller freewheels and swing axles as well as for use as cutting or drawing oil, not sufficient. There has therefore been a general move towards .the oils to increase their compressive strength chemically active substances such. B. fatty oils, to add organic oxygen, sulfur, chlorine and phosphorus compounds and the like. With a number of the suggested additives, a sufficient one can be determined Achieve compressive strength improvement, but at the same time the corrosive effect of oils on metals increased significantly. The additional amounts must therefore often are limited in such a way that the desired increase in compressive strength is only partially achieved is achieved.

According to the invention, high-pressure oils are used while avoiding the known The disadvantages inherent in oils can be obtained by using mineral oils of any kind, z. B. petroleum, technically produced Bitumina, synthesis, hydrogenation or Polymerization oils or their fractions and mixtures above the temperature in the case of: which no longer decomposes when heated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere can be observed, preferably in the temperature range of zoo up to 350 °, with oxidizing substances, e.g. B. with oxygen, air or oxygen Compounds treated until the viscosity of the oils is at least ioo / o the initial viscosity, but not increased to more than 100 ° E at 50 ° is.

In the case of the treatment according to the invention, oxidation, Polymerization and alkylation processes in the mineral oils used as starting materials instead of. Does one treat crude oils, tars or their raw or refined fractions; with Oxygen, air or other oxidizing agents at elevated temperatures, however below .the specified temperature range, it generally occurs after a certain Duration of lead treatment, decomposition with simultaneous formation of oxidation products a. The decomposition, which is easily recognized by the formation of oil-insoluble sludge, takes place the faster the higher the temperature of action. is selected. she leads in addition to volatile compounds ultimately to solid coke.

The new mode of operation on which the invention is based now exists in having the oxidizing treatment of mineral oils at such high temperatures undertakes in which the above-mentioned decomposition can no longer be observed can. Presumably in this temperature range the speed of the Oxidation-related cleavage reactions due to the rate of polymerization and alkylation of the split pieces exceeded. One gains when using the invention Process-resistant oils of high compressive strength, which, in contrast to the well-known, by adding chemically, active substances improved oils, metals do not corrode.

The method used in the process according to the invention, in which no more decomposition takes place during the oxidative treatment of the oils, depends on the type of oil used as the starting material, and in two ways one works slightly above the limit temperature determined for the oil in question. The polymerization and alkylation process still proceeds very slowly immediately in the range of the limit temperature, but the rate increases considerably as soon as the limit temperature is exceeded. Depending on the type of oil used as the starting material, the limit temperature, at which you can see splitting and addition reactions, is just about the same: hold, at around 180 to 300 °. Accordingly, the most favorable range for carrying out the method according to the invention is about zoo to 35o`` '.

Since when carrying out the method according to the invention, the viscosity the starting materials increase, it can be useful to start from oils, which have a slightly lower viscosity than required for the finished oils will. During the conversion process, the viscosity increases, so does the compressive strength of the oils. The treatment time is therefore based on both the - to be achieved Viscosity and compressive strength values. For many purposes there is an increase in viscosity by 10% and the associated increase in compressive strength is sufficient. For other purposes for which particularly high demands are placed on the compressive strength of the received. 251e are provided, the oxidative treatment: only after -the Achieving a multiple of the initial viscosity aborted. But you can also proceed in such a way that: only part of a mineral oil to be used as high pressure oil is used treated oxidatively and. the treated part as an addition to the untreated part Proportion used. The upper limit of the one provided in the method according to the invention The duration of the treatment is determined by the achievement of products @ that have a viscosity of about ioodq E: at 50 °. Namely, products with high higher viscosity are no longer completely soluble in: the starting oil. In addition, nm becomes general no additional compressive strength improvement due to an even greater increase in viscosity more achieved.

To achieve a shortening of the treatment according to the invention, recommends see the use of conventional oxidation catalysts in the implementation of the method according to the invention.

The treatment temperature of oils that are strong because of their strength Decomposition. When using the method according to the invention. When relatively must be treated at high temperatures, can be achieved by adding such oils, which are more resistant to oxidation than the starting oils, such as. B. synthetic or hydrogenating oils, reduce.

If the high-pressure oils obtained by the process according to the invention, which may contain a certain amount of free organic acids, whole or partially neutralized since alkalis, then lets., a further improvement achieve compressive strength.

A particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that that for the production of highly viscous oils one can also use non-viscous diesel fuel and spindle oil fractians and the like. According to the method according to the invention The high-pressure oils obtained can also be used as additives to non-pressure-resistant oils will.

The following is intended to carry out the process according to the invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of some exemplary embodiments.

Example i A spindle oil made from petroleum with a viscosity of 2.5 ° E at 50 ° was exposed a) at 20 °, b) at 24 °, c) at 300 ° to the action of an air stream of 8 liters of air per hour. High-pressure oils with the following properties were obtained: a) b) c) Test duration in hours 68 52 48 Viscosity, ° E at 5o ° .... 6.9 7.8 8.1 Neutralization number ...... 1.4 1.6 2.4 Saponification number. . . . . . . . . 10.2 11.2 I6.2 Testing on the Almenmaschine Increase in Circumferential emergency number force breaking load, property, number in kg number of plates number of plates per plate a) 6.0 = 2.0 10.5 4.5 b) 6.5 12.3 14, o 7.5 c) 6, o 12.7 6, o 0 , 0 Obsolete now four-ball apparatus Load in kg I sweat load in kg a) 220 220 b) 230 240 c) 220 230 Example e A lubricating oil on petroleum with a viscosity of 12.2 ° E at 50 ° was treated for 14 hours at 200 ° with an oxygen flow of 41 air per hour. The oil obtained in this way had the following properties: viscosity, ° E at 50 °. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 Neutralization number ................ i, 26 saponification number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Examination on the A'lmenmachine Increase in runflat Number of plates circumferential force breaking load, property, in kg number of plates number of plates per plate 4.5 11.0 "7.0 I 2.5 Obsolescence in the four-ball apparatus Load in kg I sweat load in kg 200 210 Example 3 A lubricating oil made from petroleum with a viscosity of 6.1 ° E at 5o 'was exposed to a stream of air of 61 air per hour at a) at 2oo ° "and b) at 28o" for 28 hours. The following properties were determined after the treatment: away) Viscosity, ° E at 50 ° ...... 20.0 18.1 Neutralization number ........ 2.2 0.3 Saponification number ........... 12.7 7.8 Examination on the alpine machinery Increase in Circumferential emergency number force breaking load, property, number in kg number of plates number of plates per plate a) 4.5 10.8 7.0 2.5 b) 6, o = I, I 6, o 0.0 Behavior in the four-ball apparatus Load in kg- I sweat load in kg a) 240 26o b) 220 230 Example 4 A lubricating oil made from petroleum with a viscosity of 6.1 ° E at 50 ° was treated with 161 air per hour at 20 ° 20 hours. Oil properties were the following viscosity, ` ° E at 50 °. . . . . . . . . . . . . i9.8 neutralization number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 saponification number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 Check-on, the ancestral machine Increase in runflat Number of plates breaking load, Number of plates Il in kg. Plate number Pgenechah number of plates per plate 3.0 I 15.0 I 3.0 0.0 Behavior in the four-ball apparatus Load in kg I sweat load in kg 230 I 240 Example s A splinter oil made from crude oil (viscosity 2.4 ° E at 50 °) was given a treatment of 8: 1 on its own as well as in a mixture with 10% synthetically produced cream (viscosity 2, 15 ° at 50 °) Subjected to air per hour at 22o ° '. The conversion of the pure spindle oil from petroleum led to decomposition with the formation of coke and gas. The spindle oil, mixed with 100% synthetic oil, gave, after 87 hours, a high-pressure oil with the following properties: viscosity, at 50 °. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 neutralization number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 Senification number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 Behavior in the four-ball apparatus Load in kg I sweat load in kg 220 240 If the test was extended to a total of 112 hours, the oil properties continued to change: viscosity, ° E at 5d ° '............ 23.4 neutralization, sationszalil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 saponification number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.4 Behavior, in the four-ball apparatus Load in kg I sweat load in kg 26o 28o Example 6 The Example nm i-mentioned spindle oil from crude oil with a viscosity of 2.5 ° E at 5o ° was treated under the same conditions as in Example I with air at 2oo ° with the difference that the @ 01 prior to the reaction as oxidation catalyst 0.1% manganese stearate was added. The properties of the high pressure oil obtained after a test duration of 50 hours were as follows: Viscosity, ° E at 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 neutralization number; 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 saponification number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . 9.9 Behavior in Vierkug e lapparat Load in kg I sweat load in kg 210 220 Corrosion tests which were carried out with the high pressure oils obtained according to the preceding examples on rods made of iron, steel, brass and aluminum as well as on strips made of copper and on ball bearing balls showed that metals are in no way attacked by the products obtained according to the invention.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS: '1. Process for the production of high pressure oils, characterized in that mineral oils of any kind, for. B. petroleum, technically produced Bitumens, synthetic, hydrogenation and polymerization oils or their fractions and mixtures above the temperature at which decomposition on heating .in oxygen-containing Atmosphere is no longer observed, preferably in the temperature range of 20o up to 35o °, with oxidizing Steffen, z. B. with oxygen, air or oxygen treated reagents until the vilskosity of the oils is at least around 1o O / a of the initial viscosity, but at most to no more than rooo ° E at 5o ° has risen. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Implementation in the presence of Oxidationskatalysatozen. 3. Procedure according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the oils to be converted are before the treatment of such oils, e.g. B. synthetic or hydrogenation oils, added, the oxyd-ationsbeständnger than the starting oils are. 4. The method according to .den claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the high-pressure oils obtained are wholly or partially neutralized with alkalis. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that d: one ate only one Part of a male oil to be used as a high pressure oil and treated oxidatively clogs the untreated part.