DE862367C - Process for the production of non-shrinking, heat- and sound-absorbing floor coverings from polymers - Google Patents

Description

Process for the production of non-shrinking, heat and sound insulating Floor coverings made from polymers Floor coverings made from polyvinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride and mixed polymers containing such, have a relatively very gringe Sound and heat insulation. The polyvinyl films used to manufacture the coverings also show signs of shrinkage caused by auxiliary measures such as adding of plastic and stabilizing substances or suitable fillers, only for Part can be eliminated. Another disadvantage is that the adhesiveness the polyvinyl film is limited to the subfloors. From the fact that polyvinyl floor coverings are only ever glued with special adhesives,: it is clear that these Adhesives mainly on the plastic; are matched and already made for this reason equally good adhesive effects on materials such as concrete, wood and iron, not .can be achieved. On concrete floors that are in direct contact with the earth are e.g. For example, if there is no basement in rooms, polyvinyl coverings cannot be applied «-Ground, since -the adhesion fails after a short time. Isolations through Asphalt, tar or bitumen paints are affected by the solvent in the adhesive attacked and then swell through the butt joints. Concrete floors as a result of the lack of wood are now commonly used as sub-floors, require a cumbersome pretreatment with acids, rinsing and drying. They also need to be sanded and with a Underlay or leveling layer can be provided as with linoleum. With other floors is a sub-floor made Wood is required, but its location also serves Felt o; d. Like. Is applied to the id; ann the polyvinyl covering are glued can. The adhesives that can be used for polyvinyl coverings all contain solvents, the load on the surface, z. B. going home, being squeezed at the butt joints, rise through these, evaporate and cause the adhesive to become brittle. This should also be the reason why the polyvinyl chloride used up to now would be often fiddling with a tendency to roll on the edges.

All these deficiencies are caused by the floor coverings according to the invention, that from its base and laminated polymer film, preferably consist of polyvinyl chloride, eliminated. Draw the existing floor coverings are characterized by excellent heat and sound insulation ;. they .are - non-shrinkage, 'Can with cement mortar, e.g. B. also the common linoleum cement or sulphite waste liquor cement, can be installed on any sub-floor.

Various methods can be used for production; the below are to be explained by glutinous exemplary embodiments.

i. Single-line; gen l or mixtures of. Organic and / or inorganic material, such as cork grids, sawdust or wood shavings, wood pulp, peat, cellulose fibers, straw fibers, glass wool and the like are treated with an adhesive, aqueous plastic solution or plastic emulsion, e.g. B. in such a way that the plastic solution is sprayed through its atomizing device onto the material with thorough mixing. Such a binder is e.g. B. leine 55% solution of a carbamide resin, which is applied with the addition of pure hardening agent. One takes z. B. 70 parts of wood shavings and 2o parts of coarse wood flour or sawdust, sprinkles and mixes them intimately with 18 parts of the above-mentioned carbamide resin solution, 1.8 parts of its 100% aqueous solution of pure cold hardness around ¢ parts of water, fills in sheet metal molds and presses at 2o to- 30 ° let about 2 hours, correspondingly shorter at higher temperatures. In the case of hot pressing, the same amounts of carbamide resin solution and water, but an i 5% solution of a hot hardener, must be used. The duration of the pressure is around 130 ° '2 to q. Minutes, the pressure r5o to Zoo kg / om2. After this deformation, a z. B: 1.5 to 2 mm thick film made of its polymer, preferably made of polyvinyl chloride, with organic fillers and dyes, calendered and laid on mixing mills, and a second pressure print is carried out for the purpose of intimate union of the polymer with the molded body. The temperature is to be set so that it borders on the flow temperature of the polymer or polymer mixture used. This pressing results in its practically insoluble welding of the film to the molded body. After cooling, the panels are cut to the desired sizes and shapes on a cutting machine. they are then ready for use. Furthermore, natural and / or synthetic rubber can also be used as a further binder for the fillers used to produce the molded bodies. Among other things, a mixed polymer of butadiene and styrene, known as synthetic rubber, has proven itself. Rubber is used in the form of an aqueous emulsion with 35 to -4o% rubber, which is applied by spraying onto the filler, which is kept in motion can be evenly distributed. Vulcanization agents and vulcanization accelerators can advantageously be incorporated into the emulsion. If the filler / copolymer mixture is made water-dispersible with emulsifying agents, plasticizers and resins can also be added to it. In this case, too, practically a non-releasable connection between the polyvinyl film and the base plate is achieved.

The moldings produced from filler materials or filler mixtures or floor areas according to 2 can also be provided with its polymer coating be that you mix the moldings or bottom surfaces pure layer of its pasty Polyvinyl compound, e.g. B. polyvinyl chloride, with a plasticizer, e.g. B. tricresyl phosphate, dough, for artificial hardening up to i 6c, 'offers moldings or for surfaces with his with gelatinizing softener, z. B. dibutyl glycol phthalate, plasticized Misckpolymerisat, the to achieve the paste form a thickener, z. B. an acrylic acid derivative, lead added, for curing at normal temperature covers. In addition to plasticizers and thickeners, these polyvinyl pastes can be used still other additives, such as. B. quartz flour, to increase the wear resistance and dyes are incorporated.

2. A filler mixture as indicated in i is added to the one to be covered Floor surface applied and in an even layer, the thickness of which z. B. 15 to 25 mm and more, solidified by measures such as tamping or rolling. After hardening, leine leveling z. B., by grinding or take place by applying a leveling layer of fine matmW. After drying out the polyvinyl pad z. B. by Aufld eebien of polyvinyl films in rolls. Plate and flow form applied, or the pasty mixed polymerizate, all of which Fillers and dyes are incorporated, is applied in several layers and smoothed with a trowel. For making multicolored, patterned, speckled, striped, marbled and similar surfaces can be used, for. B. proceed as follows rd that you have a suitably printed film between two. laminated unprinted foils, of which the upper foil was clear, colorless foil stone soot. Here will be the foils are laminated on top of one another with intersecting grain orientations g. The so Mounted multi-layer structures are ridden on the translucent printed side after romping on the base plate or on the base layer produced according to 2 glued. A marbled or streaked surface made of plasticized 1V1 copolymer will made so that z. B. two separate quantities of prepared, pasty copolymers: atmischun, gen each; with: the selected color additive and before being troweled on Apply one color to the sub-floor by hand in a light circular motion or back and forth grazing movement, depending on the desired effect, mixed with the other color and then just as spatula and smoothed, whereby to avoid the too strong. If the colors flow into one another, a slightly higher addition of the applied is advantageous Is thickener. Hide the polyvinyl films to be used according to the invention its shrinkage properties through the layered plate formation, i.e. through Connect Beinger polyvinyl plate finitely to its plate made of organic, no more working material, the water absorption of which is almost completely canceled. The same applies to the pasty covering, which is usually the same on subfloors Material to be applied.

Furthermore, experiments have shown that the shrinkage: of the polyvinyl films is canceled if these are laminated in layers on top of each other in such a way that the grain directions of the individual layers cross each other, i.e. at right angles run towards each other. The cause of the shrinkage is caused by stretching during rolling and is elastic in nature. Mush of elastic deformation will be the inner molecular Binding forces, among other things. tense by changing the valence angle; those for this inner molecular Work expended on deformation is stored as potential energy and during recovered a later springback. This springback is the root axis the shrinkage, which is only in the grain direction, i.e. in the direction of the molecular chain elongation can be done. If you laminate two sheets of grain at right angles to each other, then one leaf holds the spring back and the shrinkage of the other leaf is prevented.

The tiles and tiles according to the invention can be laid without special adhesive due to their thickness, which should be at least 1 5 mm, and the soft, fibrous nature of the colorful surface. On cement and concrete floors, laying in cement mortar is sufficient, and because of the thermal insulation, linoleum or sulphite waste putty can be used. With reduced heat and sound insulation, the paste form can be applied directly to cement sub-floors. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the floor covering, which is about 1 5 mm thick, with a pure mean relative moisture content of 2.2 percent by volume at 20 ° A, is 0.038 kcal / mh °. The impact and structure-borne noise insulation of solid and wooden beam ceilings is improved by 12 to 1 6 alto phones thanks to the floor covering according to the invention.

3. 50 parts by weight of mixed polymer based on polyvinyl chloride-polyacrylic acid are mixed with 40 parts by weight of filler, e.g. B. quartz powder, and 4o parts by weight plasticizer, z. B. tricresyl phosphate, and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of pigment is homogenized on a pure roller mill and the mill heads are brought to the thickness of the selected film thickness by calendering. Then two of the flat structures produced in the above white! Are laminated to one another at the flow temperature and the rolling direction z. B. crossed by 9o °. The film obtained is pressed at flow temperature with a base plate according to Example i.

4. 5 parts by weight of a thickener consisting of an acrylic acid derivative, 5 parts by weight of water, 4o parts by weight of filler, e.g. B. silica, and o, 5 to 10 parts by weight of pigment are rubbed off in a roller mill to form Beinger paste and this with 50 parts by weight of a copolymer based on polyvinyl chloride-polyacrylic acid, which was previously made into a paste with Beinsem plasticizer. The so restrained one Paste is applied to moldings which, for. B. are made according to Example i, about 1.5 Applied to a thickness of 2 mm. This is followed by pre-gelation for 8 hours at room temperature and then in a curing oven by treating for about 1 to 2 minutes Hardened at i 60 °. By using a gelatinizing agent at room temperature Plasticizer, e.g. B. Dibutyl glycol phthalate prepared according to Example 4 can Paste can be applied seamlessly to Beingen's sub-floor.

Claims (8)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for the production of shrinkage-free, heat-insulating and sound-insulating floor coverings from polymers, preferably -Poglyvinylchloride and copolymers or polymer mixtures containing such, characterized in that the Polymserisatauflagge with a. Underlay is laminated, which consists of fillers such as cork semolina, sawdust , is solidified. 2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that watering the filler mixture used to produce the base with Binger Solution of adhesive plastic genes, rubber or synthetic rubber, that nor additives, e.g. B. Hardening and Vulkanisationsmittgel, may contain, if necessary deformed after a period of storage and by hot pressing into shaped bodies such as plates and flowing, is transferred. 3. The method according to claims i and 2, characterized in that da.ß the moldings covered with Beinger polymer film and this by hot pressing is laminated with the substrate, expediently at temperatures that are at the pour point the polyvinyl compound. 4. The method according to claims i and 2, characterized in that d.ass the moldings with Binger up to 3 mm thick layer one with pure plasticizer to a string-shaped Paste coated with pasted polyvinyl compound and thermosetting. 5. The method according to claim i, characterized characterized ,, that a mixture used to produce the base on the Biodegradable surface to be covered is applied, solidified by pounding or rolling, after Curing leveled and then pasted with its polyvinyl film. 6. Procedure according to Claims i, q. and 5, characterized by that its curing at room temperature Polyvinyl compound, e.g. B. its plasticized with a gelatinizing plasticizer Mixed polymerizate, by troweling and rubbing on the prepared according to method 5, produced Underlay or other floor surface. 7. Process nasch claims i to 5, @ da-, characterized in that the Polym@erisata.uflage, consists of two ioder consists of more layers of Palymerisatfolien, whose grain directions are preferably white cross at right angles. 8. Procedure according to. Claims i to 5, characterized in that that for the purpose of creating @decorated, z. B. multicolored, patterned,! Marbled A polymer film is printed accordingly and this through, a clear one Foil is covered. Reference documents: Italian patent specification No. 395 639.