DE852698C - Process for the production of stable aqueous dispersions - Google Patents

Description

Process for the preparation of stable aqueous dispersions It is known that to increase the stability of colloidal aqueous dispersions liquid or solid, non-water-soluble substances that are also used made of anion soaps, protective colloids are used. Stand for these purposes different groups of substances are available, such as B. Proteins (gelatine, Casein, albumins, glue, etc.), cellulose derivatives, such as. B. cellulose ether carboxylic acid Salts, mucilages and the like

For many colloid-technical tasks it is advantageous to to impart positive charge to the disperse phase, which is done in a known manner achieves that cation soaps are used as dispersants. In this case are However, the above protective colloids are useless because they interact with the cation soaps form insoluble precipitates, both their protective colloid character and the The emulsifying power of the cation soaps is completely lost.

It has now been found that when using cation soaps with Advantageously, water-soluble resin-like compounds can be used as protective colloids can, which contain amine salt groups and in aqueous solution positively charged, resinous Form ions (so-called cation resins).

Cation resins which can be used for these purposes are known. You get she z. B. by condensation of oxo compounds and condensable amine salt groups containing compounds, where also other, non-salty condensable Compounds rhit can be condensed.

The main oxo compounds are formaldehyde or formaldehyde donor substances, also acetaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, etc. into consideration.

Compounds containing condensable amine salt groups are z. B. the salts of the following compounds: ammonia, hydrazine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, Guanidine and its derivatives, such as methylguanidine, phenylguanidine, methylphenylguanidine, Acylguanidines, guanylurea (dicyandiamidine), acyl: guanylureas, dialkylaminoalkylureas and the like. Inorganic and organic acids come into consideration as salt-forming acids, such as B. hydrohalic acids, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, organic carboxylic acids, in particular low molecular weight fatty acids and the like.

For some technical purposes it is advantageous to use such cation resins to use, in addition to the aforementioned components, others with oxo compounds Contain condensable, but not containing amill salt groups compounds. Examples of such compounds are: urea, its substitution products or derivatives, such as alkylureas, thiourea, or other amide derivatives of carbonic acid, such as L'rethane, I) i- or tri-urethanes (bis- or

Tricarbamic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols), guanidine or its Derivatives, cyanamide, dicyandiamide, also diamides of dicarboxylic acids, dihydrazides and the like. Furthermore, compounds of the azine series should be mentioned, such as methyldiaminotriazine, Triaminotriazine (melamine) and substances formed from it through the elimination of ammonia, such as melam, melem, mellon, furthermore oxyaminotriazine (Ammeline) as well as analogous compounds Compounds of the pyrimidine and quinazoline series, guanazole derivatives, hydrazine derivatives the heterocyclic series as well as arylsulfamides, aryldisulfamides, arylsulfoguanidides, Aryl disulfoguanidides, etc.

Nlan can use these cation resins in the manufacture of the above Starting components, e.g. B. by changing the proportions or by changing in the order in which the reactants are brought together, in theirs Modify properties and suitably match them to the prevailing conditions Way to customize.

For example, the use of non-amine salt groups is directed containing condensable compounds according to the degree of solubility desired. The condensation takes place in a neutral medium without any catalysts or else with the addition of known catalysts, such as. B. Acids or acidic substances.

The cation soaps used in the present process are known. It is about surface-active compounds that are in aqueous solution Form cations that are carriers of the surface-active effect. Primarily Quaternary nitrogen compounds are suitable for this; similar for the refined Cation-active compounds which can be used for a specific purpose can be derived from phosphorus and sulfur. The quaternary nitrogen compounds can be derived from ammonia as well of cyclic organic bases, such as I, for example pyridine, iiperidine, quinoline. Derive Xikotiii and the like. Quaternary nitrogen compounds are particularly useful, which have a lipopnile residue, d. H. an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical of at least six carbon atoms or an aromatic colloidal hydrogen radical with a side chain of at least three carbon atoms. As examples for cation-active prevention qn scien genalilit 1) odecyltriätbylammoniumchlorid, Dodecylbenzyl diethylammonium chloride, Dodecylpyridiniumchlorid, Dimethylaminoessigsäuredodecylami chlorobenzylate, piperidinoacetic acid dodecylamide chlorobenzylate, N-stearoyl-N'-dimethylethylendiami nsu 1 fometbylate and the like

The phase to be dispersed is used for the present process solid or liquid, water-insoluble substances, especially mineral, vegetable, animal or synthetic oils, fats and waxes or derived from them Substances of solid or liquid character, as well as water-insoluble solvents or solvent mixtures, which can also contain water-soluble components, and natural or synthetic resins. These substances can also contain larger amounts of others water-insoluble substances distributed or dissolved, which brought into fine distribution should be. This subheading includes B. Solutions of film-forming substances, such as nitrocellulose derivatives in solvent mixtures, dispersions of bituminous substances in mineral oils, etc. As Solid substances to be dispersed are, for example, coloring and filling pigments, weighting agents and the like.

In the production of emulsions by the process according to the invention one generally proceeds in the same way. that the cation soaps are in oils and fats or fat and oil-like substances and the cation resins separated from them in water solves. It is also possible to use the cation soaps together with the cation resins in water to solve.

Both phases are combined in any way, with already emulsification takes place, and after thorough mixing, it is expediently homogenized by machine. When dispersing solids, the general procedure is that the Finely comminuted solid phase as possible gradually into the aqueous solution of the Stir in the cation soap and the cation resin. Those obtained in the present process Dispersions are characterized by their high resistance and are usually arbitrary can be diluted with water.

The aqueous dilutions generally show vivid Brownian Move. while the parent emulsions due to the addition of the cation resin, which at the same time acts as a thickener, is perfectly fixed and extremely slow segregate, resulting in a long shelf life achieves xvird. The positively charged emulsions have the advantage that they only work on the surface One) racllter .9ul) strate break and that the dispersed particles extremely deposit evenly on the substrate and be firmly bound there. The addition of the cation resin causes a further fixation of the deposited on the substrates Fabrics.

I Example I 5 parts by weight are dissolved in 40 parts by weight of herring oil Dimethylaminoacetic acid dodecyl ester chloromethylate. Add to the cooled solution one with stirring a solution of 1 1 parts by weight of a cation resin, which by Condensation of 1 Niol dicyandiamide, 2 alcohol dicyandiamidine chlorohydrate and 4 Niol Formaldehyde was obtained in 44 parts by weight of water. It forms during homogenization a white, permanent, thick herring oil emulsion that is used to grease leather lirauchliar is.

Example 2 4.6 parts by weight are dissolved in 50 parts by weight of spindle oil Laurylpyridinium bisulfate and gives a solution of the mentioned in example t with stirring Cation resin added, consisting of 36.8 parts by weight of water and 9.2 parts by weight Resin. After homogenization, a thick, white 1 branch is formed. the, with \ N'asser further diluted, it provides a stable oil emulsion that can be used as boron and cutting oil Can be found.

EXAMPLE 3 Dissolve in 60 parts by weight of C) lic acid oleyl ester 3.6 parts by weight of Iiperi (linoacetic acid oleylamide chlorobenzylate. To this solution is set with stirring a solution of g parts by weight of a cation resin which was obtained by condensation of 1 mole of biguanide sulfate and 2 moles of formaldehyde, in 28 parts by weight of water. After homogenization, a cream is created that is called Can serve as a basis for disinfecting protective skin ointments.

Example 4 Consisting of 60 parts by weight of a nitrocellulose lacquer solution from 100 parts by weight of nitro wool (medium viscosity), 50 parts by weight of alcohol, 400 parts by weight of toluene and 450 parts by weight of ethyl glycol, 5 parts by weight are dissolved Dimethylaminoacetic acid hexadecylamide chloromethylate.

A solution is then added to the nitro lacquer solution with thorough stirring of 2 parts by weight of a cation resin in 28 parts by weight of water.

The cation resin was made by condensing 1 mole of melamine and 3 moles of guanylurea chloride and g moles of formaldehyde in hydrochloric acid medium and post-condensation with 1 mole of dicyandiamide obtain. The emulsion obtained in this way is then passed twice through a homogenizing machine running, making it thicker and more consistent. You can now use them for Use for painting purposes.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM Process for the production of stable aqueous dispersions solid or liquid non-water-soluble substances with the help of cation-active Compounds, characterized in that cation resins are used as protective colloids.