DE834360C - Process for the production of ceramic material, in particular for insulators of spark plugs - Google Patents
Process for the production of ceramic material, in particular for insulators of spark plugsInfo
- Publication number
- DE834360C DE834360C DEG3375A DEG0003375A DE834360C DE 834360 C DE834360 C DE 834360C DE G3375 A DEG3375 A DE G3375A DE G0003375 A DEG0003375 A DE G0003375A DE 834360 C DE834360 C DE 834360C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic material
- clay
- insulators
- production
- spark plugs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium sulfate Inorganic materials [Sr+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
- C04B35/6306—Binders based on phosphoric acids or phosphates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/447—Phosphates or phosphites, e.g. orthophosphate or hypophosphite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischem Material, insbesondere für Isolatoren von Zündkerzen Die Erfindung betrifft die Herstellung keramischen Materials, insbesondere von Isolatoren für Zündkerzen zu Verl)rennu:ngsmotoren.Process for the production of ceramic material, in particular for Spark plug insulators The invention relates to the production of ceramic material, especially from insulators for spark plugs to racing engines.
Die besten heute zugänglichen Zündkerzen bestehen zur Hauptsache aus Aluminiumoxyd. Der Rest setzt sieh gewöhnlich aus Kieselsäure und, kleinen Mengen Flußmitteln oder anderen Zuschlägen zusammen. Das Endprodukt besteht aus zuisammengesinterten Kristallen, deren Zwischenräume mit Glas ausgefüllt silnd.The best spark plugs available today are mainly made up of Aluminum oxide. The remainder is usually made up of silica and small amounts Flux or other additives together. The end product consists of sintered together Crystals, the spaces between which are filled with glass.
Bei der Herstellung solcher Stoffe ergeben sich aus der erforderlichen hohen Brenntemperatur von 165o bis 175o° C praktische Schwierigkeiten. Zur Erreichung solcher Temperaturen sind besondere 1 ,rennstoffe und besonders konstruierte Brennöfen aus den hitzebeständigsten Materialien erforderlich. Die Lebensdauer solchen Materials ist jedoch beschränkt, was erhöhte Ausgaben für Wartung und Erhaltung dieser Öfen nach sich zieht. Auch die Kontrolle des Brennvorganiges, die zur Gewährleiistung befriedigender Ergebnisse unerläßlich ist, bereitet steigende Schwierigkeiten.In the manufacture of such substances arise from the required high firing temperature of 165o to 175o ° C practical difficulties. To achieve such temperatures are special 1, fuels and specially designed kilns made of the most heat-resistant materials required. The life of such material however, is limited, resulting in increased maintenance and upkeep expenses for these ovens entails. Also the control of the firing process, which is part of the guarantee Satisfactory results are essential, creates increasing difficulties.
Die vorliegentde Erfindung macht Gebrauch von Mischungen aus Tonerde. Kieselsäure und einem Phosphat, die schon in verschiedenen Formen vorgeschlagen, wurden. So wurde die Kieselsäure und ein Teil der Tonerde als Ton zugesetzt, und als Phosphate sind viele Arten, ei.nschließlieh der Erdalkaliphosphate empfohlen worden.The present invention makes use of mixtures of clay. Silicic acid and a phosphate, which have already been proposed in various forms became. So the silica and part of the clay was added as clay, and Many types, including alkaline earth phosphates, are recommended as phosphates been.
Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht dns Ausgangsmaterial aus einer Mischung von 62 bis 84% Tonerde, 12 'bis 30% Ton und 4 bis 8% Erdalkal'iphosphaten. Die Masse wird geformt und, dann bei Kegel, 16 zu einem festen und dichten., undurchlässigen Körper gebrannt.According to the present invention, there is dns Source material from a mixture of 62 to 84% clay, 12 'to 30% clay and 4 to 8% alkaline earth phosphates. The mass is shaped and, then at cone, 16, into a solid and dense., Impermeable Body burned.
Folgende Rohmaterialien !können verwendet werden: Tonerde Als Tonerde wird am besten bei, 'hoher Temperatur gebranntes Aluminiumoxyd, bekannt als täfeliger Korund, verwendet, obwohl man auch von anderem Material, z. B. geschmolzenem Aluminiumoxyd, ausgehen kann.The following raw materials! Can be used: Alumina As alumina It is best made at 'high temperature calcined alumina, known as fettiger Corundum, although other material, e.g. B. fused alumina, can go out.
In manchen Fällen kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, einen Prozentsatz bei tiefer Temperatur gebrannter Tonerde zuzuschlagen. Die Tonerde braucht nicht alkalifrei zu sein, so daß auch die :-Form verwendet werden kann. Durch die prozentuale Zusammensetzung Hassen sich dlie Materialkonstanten in der gewünschten Richtung beeinflussen.In some cases it may prove beneficial to use a percentage to slam baked alumina at a low temperature. The clay does not need to be alkali-free, so that the: form can also be used. By the percentage Composition Hate the material constants in the desired direction influence.
Ein Teil' der Tonerde kann in Form von Aluminiumsilicaten mit höherem Aluminnumoxydgehalt als Ton, z., B. als Cy amte, zugesetzt werden. Erdal@kaliphosphate Gute Ergebnisse sind bei Benutzung von Calcium-, Barium-, Strontium- oder Magnesiutinp4iospliaten erzieht worden. Unter diesen ist Calciumphosphat am vorteilhaftesten, da kleinere Quantitäten erforderlich sind und der Ausgangsstoff billig und leicht zu haben ist. Auch Knochenasche, ein Gemisch von Calciumphosphat und Calciumcarbonat, kann herangezogen werden; doch können dabei Schwierigkeiten hinsichtlich der Unterschiedlichkeit -in der Zusammensetzung auftreten. Manchmal kann sich,die Verwendung einer Mischung der genannten Phosphate als vorteilhaft erweisen.A part of the alumina can be in the form of aluminum silicates with higher Aluminum oxide content as clay, e.g. as Cy amte, can be added. Erdal @ kaliphosphate Good results are obtained with the use of calcium, barium, strontium, or magnesium sulfate tablets been brought up. Of these, calcium phosphate is the most beneficial because it is smaller Quantities are required and the raw material is cheap and easy to obtain. Bone ash, a mixture of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, can also be used will; but there can be difficulties with regard to the difference -in the composition occur. Sometimes this can turn out to be the use of a mixture of the phosphates mentioned prove to be advantageous.
Ton Am besten hat sich die Benutzung von Kaolin oder gemahlenem Ton erwiesen, da sie, wie später beschrieben, die Herstellung der Formkörper durch Formung im plastischen Zustand ermöglichen.Clay has proven to be best to use kaolin or ground clay proved to be able to produce molded articles by molding, as described later enable in the plastic state.
Besonders eignet sich eine Mischung von englischem gemahlenem Ton und Floridakaolin.. Ein Teil oder auch der gesamte Ton kann als Montmorillonit oder Beätonit zugeschlagen werden. Falls erforderlich, kann der Ton durch äquivalente Mengen Aluminiumoxyd und Siliciumdioxyd ersetzt werden, jedoch erfordert das die Formgebung der StücW auf nicht plastischer Basis. Sonstige Materialzusätze In manchen Fällen kann es wünschenswert sein, etwas Zirkondioxyd zuzuschtagen, doch leidie't därunter die mechänischeWiderstandsfähigkeit. Ferner kann die Brenntemperatur durch Zusatz von Talk oder einem anderen gängigen hlußmittel heräbgesetzt werden, aber bei der 1--,in-fachheit des Brenn@-vorganges bei Kegel 16 wird hierdurch kein bedeutender Vorteil zu erzielen sein.A mixture of English ground clay is particularly suitable and Floridakaolin .. Some or all of the clay can be called montmorillonite or Beätonite to be slammed. If necessary, the sound can be replaced by equivalent Amounts of alumina and silica to be replaced, however, that requires Shaping of the pieces on a non-plastic basis. Other material additives In some In some cases it may be desirable to promise a little zirconia, but sorry including the mechanical resistance. Furthermore, the firing temperature can through The addition of talc or another common solvent can be reduced, however In the case of the 1 -, in-foldness of the Brenn @ process at cone 16, this does not become significant Advantage to be achieved.
Zusammensetzungsverhältnis der Stoffe Die folgenden Zählen geben (las
günstigste Verhältnis der Bestandteile wieder:
Die Brennkörper können auch auf andere Art hergestellt werden, z. B. durch Guß aus der teigigen Konsistenz heraus oder durch Einpressen in Gummiformen oder aber durch Mischung mit einem Bindemittel, das nach der Formgebung 'herausgebrannt wird. Bei Anwendung des letztgenannten Verfahrens wird der Ton erst gebrannt. Dann werden die Stoffe vor der Formung fein gemahlen und mit dem Bindemittel durchmischt, Die Herstellung der fier genannten Körper wird durch einen großen Spielraum in der Brenndauer erleichtert.The fuel bodies can also be manufactured in other ways, e.g. B. by casting out of the doughy consistency or by pressing into rubber molds or by mixing it with a binding agent that 'burned out' after shaping will. When using the latter method, the clay is first burned. then the materials are finely ground and mixed with the binding agent before molding, the Making the fier named body is made possible by a large margin in the burn time relieved.
Die Brenntemperaturen nach Kegel 16, etwa 145o° C, reichen normalerweise zum vollständigen Durchbrennen der Körper aus. Bei einem Zusatz von über 5% Calciumphosphat genügt eine Temperatur von etwa 1400° C, also nach Kegel' 14.The firing temperatures according to Kegel 16, around 145o ° C, are usually sufficient to completely burn out the body. With an addition of more than 5% calcium phosphate A temperature of around 1400 ° C is sufficient, i.e. according to Kegel '14.
Die Materiulkonstanten dieses verbesserten Brenngutes beweisen die bedeutende ÜbeTlagenheit über das gewöhnliche Porzellan und nähern sich den Qualitäten der Sinterkörper, die bei bedeutend höheren Temperaturen wie 1750 ° C werden müssen. So beträgt die Zerreißfestigkeit: 2246 kg/cm2 bei d'em Brenngut der Erfindung, 2584 kg/cm2 bei den Sinterprodukten, 12 i o kg/em2 bei .gewöhnlichem Porzellan, das bei Kegel 16 gebrannt wurde, Die Temperatur, bei der der spezifische Widerstand der Isoliermasse bei einer definierten hochfrequenten Wechschspannung einen bestimmten Wert unterschreitet, die Isolierwirkung also gewissermassen zusammenbricht, beträgt für die neuen; Kerzen 693°' C gegenüber 725° C für die gesinterten Hochtemperaturkörper und 64o° C für den Porzellanikörper. Der lineare Ausdehnungskoeffizient im Bereich von Zoo bis 6oo° C beträgt bei den neuen Körpern 6,93 - 1o--6 Grad -i gegenüber 7,76# io-s Grad -1 für die Hochtemperaturkörper und 4,21 - i9--6 Grad -i für .den Porzellankörper; der neue Körper kann in Ofen der normalen Porzellanerzeugung gebrannt werden.The material constants of this improved material prove that significant deficiency over ordinary porcelain and approach the qualities the sintered body, which must be at significantly higher temperatures such as 1750 ° C. The tensile strength is thus: 2246 kg / cm2 for a kiln of the invention, 2584 kg / cm2 for sintered products, 12 10 kg / cm2 for ordinary porcelain, which is used in Cone 16 was fired, The temperature at which the resistivity of the Insulating compound with a defined high-frequency alternating voltage a certain Falls below the value, i.e. the insulating effect collapses to a certain extent for the new; Candles 693 ° C versus 725 ° C for the high-temperature sintered bodies and 64o ° C for the porcelain body. The coefficient of linear expansion in the area from zoo to 600 ° C is 6.93 - 1o - 6 degrees -i compared with the new bodies 7.76 # io-s degrees -1 for the high temperature body and 4.21 - i9--6 degrees -i for the Porcelain body; the new body can be fired in the normal china-making furnace will.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US834360XA | 1943-05-13 | 1943-05-13 |
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DE834360C true DE834360C (en) | 1952-03-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DEG3375A Expired DE834360C (en) | 1943-05-13 | 1950-08-25 | Process for the production of ceramic material, in particular for insulators of spark plugs |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1043914B (en) * | 1955-06-27 | 1958-11-13 | Bernhard Terasky | Process for the manufacture of refractory products |
-
1950
- 1950-08-25 DE DEG3375A patent/DE834360C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1043914B (en) * | 1955-06-27 | 1958-11-13 | Bernhard Terasky | Process for the manufacture of refractory products |
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