DE69514721T2 - Verbesserungen an oder bezüglich, mit einem superharten Material bekleideten, Elementen - Google Patents
Verbesserungen an oder bezüglich, mit einem superharten Material bekleideten, ElementenInfo
- Publication number
- DE69514721T2 DE69514721T2 DE69514721T DE69514721T DE69514721T2 DE 69514721 T2 DE69514721 T2 DE 69514721T2 DE 69514721 T DE69514721 T DE 69514721T DE 69514721 T DE69514721 T DE 69514721T DE 69514721 T2 DE69514721 T2 DE 69514721T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- hard material
- super hard
- regarding elements
- clad
- elements clad
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/573—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element
- E21B10/5735—Interface between the substrate and the cutting element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
- B23B27/145—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having a special shape
- B23B27/146—Means to improve the adhesion between the substrate and the coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23B2222/28—Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23B2226/31—Diamond
- B23B2226/315—Diamond polycrystalline [PCD]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/26—Cutters, for shaping comprising cutting edge bonded to tool shank
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/78—Tool of specific diverse material
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9412247A GB9412247D0 (en) | 1994-06-18 | 1994-06-18 | Improvements in or relating to elements faced with superhard material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69514721D1 DE69514721D1 (de) | 2000-03-02 |
DE69514721T2 true DE69514721T2 (de) | 2000-08-17 |
Family
ID=10756937
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69514721T Expired - Fee Related DE69514721T2 (de) | 1994-06-18 | 1995-06-15 | Verbesserungen an oder bezüglich, mit einem superharten Material bekleideten, Elementen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US5622233A (de) |
EP (4) | EP0687798B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69514721T2 (de) |
GB (5) | GB9412247D0 (de) |
ZA (4) | ZA954970B (de) |
Families Citing this family (76)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6676704B1 (en) | 1994-08-12 | 2004-01-13 | Diamicron, Inc. | Prosthetic joint component having at least one sintered polycrystalline diamond compact articulation surface and substrate surface topographical features in said polycrystalline diamond compact |
US7494507B2 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2009-02-24 | Diamicron, Inc. | Articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants |
US7396505B2 (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 2008-07-08 | Diamicron, Inc. | Use of CoCrMo to augment biocompatibility in polycrystalline diamond compacts |
US6596225B1 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2003-07-22 | Diamicron, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing a diamond prosthetic joint component |
US6497727B1 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2002-12-24 | Diamicron, Inc. | Component for use in prosthetic hip, the component having a polycrystalline diamond articulation surface and a plurality of substrate layers |
US6425922B1 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2002-07-30 | Diamicron, Inc. | Prosthetic hip joint having at least one sintered polycrystalline diamond compact articulation surface |
US6514289B1 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2003-02-04 | Diamicron, Inc. | Diamond articulation surface for use in a prosthetic joint |
US7678325B2 (en) | 1999-12-08 | 2010-03-16 | Diamicron, Inc. | Use of a metal and Sn as a solvent material for the bulk crystallization and sintering of diamond to produce biocompatbile biomedical devices |
US6800095B1 (en) | 1994-08-12 | 2004-10-05 | Diamicron, Inc. | Diamond-surfaced femoral head for use in a prosthetic joint |
US6494918B1 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2002-12-17 | Diamicron, Inc. | Component for a prosthetic joint having a diamond load bearing and articulation surface |
GB2295837B (en) * | 1994-12-10 | 1998-09-02 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to elements faced with superhard material |
GB9506079D0 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1995-05-10 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to elements faced with superhard material |
GB9508226D0 (en) * | 1995-04-22 | 1995-06-07 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to elements faced with superhard material |
DE69611810T2 (de) * | 1995-09-23 | 2001-08-23 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Schneideinsatz für Fräs-Meissel |
US6077591A (en) * | 1995-09-23 | 2000-06-20 | Camco International (Uk) Limited | Elements faced with superhard material |
US6571891B1 (en) | 1996-04-17 | 2003-06-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Web cutter |
US5758733A (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1998-06-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring bit with super-hard cutting elements |
US5788001A (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1998-08-04 | Camco Drilling Group Limited Of Hycalog | Elements faced with superhard material |
US6068071A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 2000-05-30 | U.S. Synthetic Corporation | Cutter with polycrystalline diamond layer and conic section profile |
US5816347A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-10-06 | Dennis Tool Company | PDC clad drill bit insert |
US6148937A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 2000-11-21 | Smith International, Inc. | PDC cutter element having improved substrate configuration |
US5906246A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-05-25 | Smith International, Inc. | PDC cutter element having improved substrate configuration |
GB2316698B (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2000-10-18 | Smith International | PDC cutter element having improved substrate configuration |
US5711702A (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-01-27 | Tempo Technology Corporation | Curve cutter with non-planar interface |
US6041875A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 2000-03-28 | Smith International, Inc. | Non-planar interfaces for cutting elements |
US6009963A (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 2000-01-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Superabrasive cutting element with enhanced stiffness, thermal conductivity and cutting efficiency |
US5871060A (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1999-02-16 | Jensen; Kenneth M. | Attachment geometry for non-planar drill inserts |
US5865571A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-02-02 | Norton Company | Non-metallic body cutting tools |
US5979579A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-11-09 | U.S. Synthetic Corporation | Polycrystalline diamond cutter with enhanced durability |
GB2327690B (en) * | 1997-07-26 | 2002-02-27 | Camco Internat | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of elements faced with superhard material |
US6082474A (en) * | 1997-07-26 | 2000-07-04 | Camco International Limited | Elements faced with superhard material |
DE69820349T2 (de) * | 1997-07-26 | 2004-10-28 | Camco International (Uk) Ltd., Stonehouse | Verbesserungen an Schneidelementen mit einer Oberfläche aus superhartem Werkstoff |
US5957228A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-09-28 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting element with a non-planar, non-linear interface |
US5928071A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-07-27 | Tempo Technology Corporation | Abrasive cutting element with increased performance |
US6202771B1 (en) | 1997-09-23 | 2001-03-20 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting element with controlled superabrasive contact area, drill bits so equipped |
US6068072A (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 2000-05-30 | Diamond Products International, Inc. | Cutting element |
SE518839C2 (sv) * | 1998-02-12 | 2002-11-26 | Seco Tools Ab | Skärverktyg och skär |
GB2375126B (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2003-01-08 | Smith International | Engineered enhanced inserts for rock drilling bits |
CA2261491C (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2005-05-24 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting element with improved polycrystalline material toughness and method for making same |
US6029760A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2000-02-29 | Hall; David R. | Superhard cutting element utilizing tough reinforcement posts |
GB9809690D0 (en) | 1998-05-08 | 1998-07-01 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | Improvements in elements faced with superhard material |
US5971087A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-10-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Reduced residual tensile stress superabrasive cutters for earth boring and drill bits so equipped |
GB2338007B (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2003-01-22 | Camco Internat | Rotary drill bits |
GB9811705D0 (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 1998-07-29 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | Preform cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
US6202772B1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2001-03-20 | Smith International | Cutting element with canted design for improved braze contact area |
US6527069B1 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2003-03-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Superabrasive cutter having optimized table thickness and arcuate table-to-substrate interfaces |
US6412580B1 (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 2002-07-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Superabrasive cutter with arcuate table-to-substrate interfaces |
CA2276841C (en) | 1998-07-07 | 2004-12-14 | Smith International, Inc. | Unplanar non-axisymmetric inserts |
US6148938A (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2000-11-21 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Wear resistant cutter insert structure and method |
GB9911139D0 (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 1999-07-14 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | Preform cutting elemenys for rotary drill bits |
US6425805B1 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2002-07-30 | Kennametal Pc Inc. | Superhard material article of manufacture |
US6227319B1 (en) | 1999-07-01 | 2001-05-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Superabrasive cutting elements and drill bit so equipped |
US6410877B1 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2002-06-25 | Diamicron, Inc. | Methods for shaping and finishing prosthetic joint components including polycrystalline diamond compacts |
US8603181B2 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2013-12-10 | Dimicron, Inc | Use of Ti and Nb cemented in TiC in prosthetic joints |
US6709463B1 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2004-03-23 | Diamicron, Inc. | Prosthetic joint component having at least one solid polycrystalline diamond component |
US6610095B1 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2003-08-26 | Diamicron, Inc. | Prosthetic joint having substrate surface topographical featurers and at least one diamond articulation surface |
US6379087B1 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2002-04-30 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting insert with split face clamping surfaces and toolholder therefor |
US6488106B1 (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2002-12-03 | Varel International, Inc. | Superabrasive cutting element |
US6510910B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2003-01-28 | Smith International, Inc. | Unplanar non-axisymmetric inserts |
US6513608B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2003-02-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting elements with interface having multiple abutting depressions |
US6655845B1 (en) | 2001-04-22 | 2003-12-02 | Diamicron, Inc. | Bearings, races and components thereof having diamond and other superhard surfaces |
SE521579C2 (sv) † | 2002-03-21 | 2003-11-11 | Sandvik Ab | Verktyg samt skär för spånavskiljande bearbetning |
ZA200506823B (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-11-29 | Element Six Pty Ltd | Secondary cutting element for drill bit |
US20040206721A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-21 | Swanberg Craig C. | Bottle cap |
US6962218B2 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2005-11-08 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting elements with improved cutting element interface design and bits incorporating the same |
US7243745B2 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2007-07-17 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting elements and rotary drill bits including same |
US7287610B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-10-30 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting elements and bits incorporating the same |
US8449991B2 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2013-05-28 | Dimicron, Inc. | Use of SN and pore size control to improve biocompatibility in polycrystalline diamond compacts |
US7604074B2 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2009-10-20 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting elements and bits incorporating the same |
US8663359B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2014-03-04 | Dimicron, Inc. | Thick sintered polycrystalline diamond and sintered jewelry |
JP5635194B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-15 | 2014-12-03 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | Cmp用研磨パッド |
GB2506901B (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2019-10-23 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Drill bit apparatus to control torque on bit |
US9428967B2 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2016-08-30 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Polycrystalline compact tables for cutting elements and methods of fabrication |
US9138872B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-09-22 | Diamond Innovations, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond drill blanks with improved carbide interface geometries |
CN109386238A (zh) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种新型基体的钻齿及其制造方法 |
US20190071932A1 (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-07 | Varel International Ind., L.L.C. | Superhard cutter having shielded substrate |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4109737A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1978-08-29 | General Electric Company | Rotary drill bit |
US4629373A (en) * | 1983-06-22 | 1986-12-16 | Megadiamond Industries, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond body with enhanced surface irregularities |
US4726718A (en) * | 1984-03-26 | 1988-02-23 | Eastman Christensen Co. | Multi-component cutting element using triangular, rectangular and higher order polyhedral-shaped polycrystalline diamond disks |
US4784023A (en) | 1985-12-05 | 1988-11-15 | Diamant Boart-Stratabit (Usa) Inc. | Cutting element having composite formed of cemented carbide substrate and diamond layer and method of making same |
IE61697B1 (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1994-11-16 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Abrasive product |
US4954139A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1990-09-04 | The General Electric Company | Method for producing polycrystalline compact tool blanks with flat carbide support/diamond or CBN interfaces |
US5011515B1 (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1999-07-06 | Robert H Frushour | Composite polycrystalline diamond compact with improved impact resistance |
US5120327A (en) | 1991-03-05 | 1992-06-09 | Diamant-Boart Stratabit (Usa) Inc. | Cutting composite formed of cemented carbide substrate and diamond layer |
JPH05154704A (ja) * | 1991-12-03 | 1993-06-22 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 人工ダイヤモンド被覆炭化タングステン基超硬合金製スローアウエイ切削チップ |
CA2105190A1 (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1994-03-12 | Ronald L. Frazee | Segmented diamond compact |
GB2273306B (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1996-12-18 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
AU670642B2 (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1996-07-25 | De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited | Tool component |
US5351772A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-10-04 | Baker Hughes, Incorporated | Polycrystalline diamond cutting element |
US5355969A (en) * | 1993-03-22 | 1994-10-18 | U.S. Synthetic Corporation | Composite polycrystalline cutting element with improved fracture and delamination resistance |
US5460233A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1995-10-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Diamond cutting structure for drilling hard subterranean formations |
GB2279677B (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 1996-08-21 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
US5484330A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1996-01-16 | General Electric Company | Abrasive tool insert |
US5486137A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1996-01-23 | General Electric Company | Abrasive tool insert |
US5494477A (en) * | 1993-08-11 | 1996-02-27 | General Electric Company | Abrasive tool insert |
US5379854A (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 1995-01-10 | Dennis Tool Company | Cutting element for drill bits |
GB2283772B (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1997-01-15 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to elements faced with superhard material |
GB2308142B (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1998-02-25 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to elements faced with superhard material |
US5435403A (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 1995-07-25 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting elements with enhanced stiffness and arrangements thereof on earth boring drill bits |
US5492188A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-02-20 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Stress-reduced superhard cutting element |
-
1994
- 1994-06-18 GB GB9412247A patent/GB9412247D0/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-06-15 GB GB9512175A patent/GB2290327A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-06-15 ZA ZA954970A patent/ZA954970B/xx unknown
- 1995-06-15 EP EP95304150A patent/EP0687798B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-15 GB GB9512174A patent/GB2290326B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-15 GB GB9512173A patent/GB2290325A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-06-15 GB GB9512177A patent/GB2290328B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-15 ZA ZA954968A patent/ZA954968B/xx unknown
- 1995-06-15 EP EP95304151A patent/EP0687799A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-15 ZA ZA954969A patent/ZA954969B/xx unknown
- 1995-06-15 ZA ZA954967A patent/ZA954967B/xx unknown
- 1995-06-15 EP EP95304152A patent/EP0687800A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-06-15 EP EP95304149A patent/EP0687797A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-06-15 DE DE69514721T patent/DE69514721T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-16 US US08/491,061 patent/US5622233A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-16 US US08/491,537 patent/US5611649A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-16 US US08/491,063 patent/US5617928A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA954970B (en) | 1996-02-19 |
ZA954967B (en) | 1996-02-19 |
DE69514721D1 (de) | 2000-03-02 |
GB9412247D0 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
US5622233A (en) | 1997-04-22 |
EP0687798B1 (de) | 2000-01-26 |
ZA954969B (en) | 1996-01-01 |
GB2290326A (en) | 1995-12-20 |
EP0687797A1 (de) | 1995-12-20 |
GB9512175D0 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
EP0687800A1 (de) | 1995-12-20 |
GB2290326B (en) | 1997-12-10 |
US5617928A (en) | 1997-04-08 |
EP0687799A1 (de) | 1995-12-20 |
GB2290328A (en) | 1995-12-20 |
ZA954968B (en) | 1996-02-19 |
US5611649A (en) | 1997-03-18 |
GB9512173D0 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
GB9512177D0 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
GB2290327A (en) | 1995-12-20 |
GB2290325A (en) | 1995-12-20 |
GB2290328B (en) | 1998-01-07 |
EP0687798A1 (de) | 1995-12-20 |
GB9512174D0 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |