DE6907169U - SEED MAT - Google Patents

Description

Type and scope of modern large-scale construction projects for development, transport needs, water supply, sewage disposal etc., through the use of large mechanical devices, lead to much deeper and more serious ones Interventions in the naturally grown soil formation, as it was possible and customary in the past with the corresponding measures. An often unavoidable side effect the mechanized way of working is the full or partial loss of the because of the enrichment with spores, bacteria and nutrients, a humus layer suitable for cultivation. For reasons of landscape protection,

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the prevention of erosion, etc. necessary early greening and consolidation of the areas around building work regularly remaining transition areas to the natural landscape is as expensive as it is technically difficult when such largely sterile new floor areas are available. After the leveling has been completed, spore-forming elements, fertilizing substances and suitable seeds must be introduced will. It should be a loose, water-absorbent The new top layer of the floor should be retained if possible. So far, these measures have regularly required several successive operations, which are largely carried out by hand and by professionally trained workers have to.

Before sowing the areas to be re-planted and paved, the area to be reefed is still required covered with available topsoil. The grass seeds are sown, raked and / or trodden on this covered area or rolled. In accordance with the natural course of the weather, the seeds germinate, grow and attach their roots the soil and secure the surfaces. The disadvantage of this method is that the sowing only too can take place in certain times of the year and in certain weather conditions and that it takes about 6-10 weeks, before a certain fastening and thus securing of the surface is given even under optimal conditions. Disadvantageous is further that grass seeds are very fine, need good soil contact, warmth and sufficient water. Wind dries the ground and seed easily blows out, if it is not firmly embedded, the embedding will open up Technically it is very difficult to carry out evils. Rainwater can wash away the seeds and lead over them in addition, when it falls above a certain amount in a certain period of time, to the dreaded erosion of the soil. It For example, on the shoulder of the road, deep erosions, i.e. gullies, are a serious hazard

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pose for cars once they get off the lane agreement. The restoration of an embankment eroded by surface water is also very costly.

Even the smallest erosion in the form of channels on a slope surface can cause it to slide off completely of the topsoil applied to the FIp before. One New seeding - fortification by means of greenery - can only be carried out if the embankment has been replaced by technical aids, e.g. fascine installation is secured. The subsequent restoration of eroded surfaces is in everyone Case very expensive. Any erosion must be eliminated immediately, otherwise starting points for stronger washouts and sightseeing remain. For landscaping, the greening and thus the immediate protection possible The most important task of all surfaces exposed to erosion.

In order to avoid the disadvantages of normal sowing, people started to lay ready-made turf. Here it concerns lawn plagues or sods that are cut off from a tightly scarred area of grass and to which exposed parts of the road, motorway, etc. These sods are 2.5 to 3 cm thick and have a densely scarred growth. Rainwater and wind can no longer cause erosion.

Disadvantages of the ready-made turf are that the cultivation itself takes 6-12 months and the costs are high are high. Usually 20-30 cuts of the lawn are required with constant fertilization and watering. While transporting the sod creates a lot of breakage. Furthermore, shrinkage occurs as the sod shrinks.

Disadvantages of ready-made turf are that it determines the composition of the subsequent turf is. On the other hand, it would be important if the re-greening

is made with seed species that suit the local climatic Appropriate conditions, i.e. form a permanent local flora, secure the surfaces well and if possible need little maintenance. Most of the time, however, sod that has been peeled off from tall meadows and willows is covered and whose plants do not meet the requirements of the areas to be covered. Furthermore, ready-made turf can only be stored for a limited time, about 2-3 days, they also need to be copiously extra after covering artificially watered so that they grow at all. As soon as the sods are stored for a longer period of time, it suffocates in the Roll the grass and cannot sprout again. Since one square meter of grass turf weighs between 20 and 30 kg the transport and laying of these sods is very complex.

In addition, hydraulic sowing processes are already being used. A mixture of seeds, fertilizer, Water and other additives are sprayed onto the surface in a first step. In most cases it will then, in a second step, straw was blown over it and the straw was lightly attached using bitumen the wind can't blow it away

Disadvantages of hydraulic greening are: 'n dem high purchase price of the necessary equipment. In addition, it is not always possible to drive the devices right up to the area to be greened, and the The working height of the devices is also limited. Due to the high daily output of these devices, they are only suitable for large areas, i.e. generally to be used from 10,000 m.

Finally, mats or blankets are in use that contain seeds and are placed on the areas to be greened will. One known commercial mat is made of woven straw with seeds and manure on the underside are glued on. Since after unrolling the delivered

Matt seeds and fertilizer can easily fall off again a plastic sheet is attached to the underside. To get water to the seeds and germs to grow into the subsoil to leave, the film has been slit open at certain intervals. The disadvantage, however, is that plastic is not or only rotates with difficulty and remains on the surface as residue.

Another known mat is constructed from bottom to top in such a way that bitumen is placed on strong paper is applied. Fertilizer and seeds are scattered on top of it, and the whole thing is covered with a mat made of coconut fiber. Bitumen, however, has a germ-inhibiting and possibly even germ-damaging effect. It has a water-repellent effect; that to The water required for germination is kept away from the seeds. Coconut fiber is just as water-repellent.

The seed mat according to the invention consists of a loose fiber fleece in which the plant seeds are embedded. Chemically neutral cellulose fibers can be used as fibers. Pulp becomes in the after a relatively short time The open landscape was dismantled and transformed into humus. Two layers of non-woven fabric can be intertwined with one another and into the be embedded in one layer or between both of the plant seeds. The top layer can be made of a firmer fleece as the lower layer in which the plant seed is embedded. This makes the top layer smooth and easy to stretch and relatively tear-resistant. This ensures that the surface is protected against surface erosion immediately after the surface has been covered given is. The water is absorbed by the absorbent fleece or drained away without damage. The mat adapts to the shapes of the surface; it hugs the surface directly. The wind doesn't hit them bare seeds, these are firmly inserted, cannot be blown away or washed away. Because of the absorbency of the cellulose fleece, water is stored in the vicinity of the seed, as well as any dissolved fertilizers. the

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Germination and growth are safer and faster. The mat itself is light, can be used without large Costs are transported and relocated. Their shelf life is almost unlimited, as far as not due to the natural If the germination capacity of stored seeds declines, a reduction in quality is to be expected.

According to a further development of the invention, the seed mat can consist of three layers of fiber fleece, the middle layer, in which the plant seed is embedded, from a very loose and the two outer layers from one consist of stronger non-woven fabrics.

The seed mat can consist of a rollable web. Fertilizers, vermin control agents, Growth substances, bacteria, alginates, spores or other germ-promoting or soil-improving substances be introduced in a suitable amount and composition.

As said, the fiber fleece can consist of cellulose fibers, but according to the invention can also consist of aerodynamic fibers Process for the tangled nonwoven fibers, preferably cotton fibers, exist, in which mit.tels a scattering device Plant seeds are embedded.

The combination of the layers to form a fiber mat is preferably carried out with the aid of a needling device, that is to say by using the entanglements or Matting effect. A large number of needles are used for this, which are perpendicular or at an angle into the ones passing under the needle device Pierce fiber webs. The solidifying effect of this process can be increased by using the needles Are barbed. This solidification process also serves to fix the embedded Sämeredsi and materials in the resulting seed mat.

The connection of the fiber webs by needling is avoided In an ervrtinschter way, damage to the seeds, as is inevitable with a pressing connection between rollers would be.

All products are suitable as fiber goods, provided they have a fiber character between approx. 20 mm and 120 mm in length, however, shorter and / or longer fibers or endless threads can also be used. The strength of the fibers used respectively. Flakes can vary from the finest rayon fibers to coarse coconut fibers. In order to increase the strength of the fiber mat, the original Fiber web when connecting two fiber webs to form a mat or later large-pore, possibly thermoplastic fabrics or Scrims, e.g. also gauze, can also be inserted or placed on top. Also foams, in which fiber webs are used here Art can be perfectly needle-punched, instead of "" " a fiber web or additionally be introduced.

The strength of the mat is sufficient to enable it to be laid on steep slopes or stony floors.

A key benefit of the fiber web used to make the new seed mat is its freedom of plastics or other adhesives that reduce the mat's absorbency and water retention capacity or its ability to germinate of the stored seeds can influence.

The slight rotting of the mat, favored by the structure of these fiber webs, can be achieved through an appropriate choice of the fiber material varies widely, but can also be increased by impregnation and according to specific needs on a case-by-case basis. The rotted fiber mat means that the soil is still enriched with organic matter Fabrics. " which further transform into humus.

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The various possible effects of this mat can be reinforced by adding one or more pas tracks before they are brought together to form the seed mat liquid active ingredients of all kinds are impregnated.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below.

Show it:

Fig.l shows a web of a seed mat according to the invention in the rolled up state;

2 shows a section through one of two

Cellulose layered seed mat;

3 shows a section through one of three

Cellulose layered seed mat;

4 shows a section through one of three layers Existing seed mat in which a layer of foam chunks is arranged between two layers of cellulose.

The commercial form of the new seed mat is shown in Fig.l. Such seed mats are simply attached to the Embankments, etc. unrolled.

The seed mat according to Fig. 2 consists of two layers, a firmer top layer 2 and a very loose bottom layer 3 · Both layers are made of cellulose fibers. at During the production of the lower layer 3, seeds 5 have been sprinkled between the cellulose fibers 6. the Stratification takes place with appropriate spreading devices and ensures that the seed grains 5 do not

to be damaged. Come during the manufacturing process layers 2 and 3 to lie against each other, and a needling device sticks with an appropriate number of barbed needles into the two layers. As a result, a Matting 4 of the two layers that hold the layers together.

In the case of the upper layer 2, the fibers 7 lie more firmly on top of one another. This layer does not contain any plant seeds 5 and serves to produce sufficient mechanical strength of the seed mat.

The seed mat shown in section in FIG still an additional und-te-e solid layer 2 on what the The durability of the seed mat is further increased.

In the case of the fiber mat according to FIG. 4, there is the middle one Layer 8 of porous foam chunks 9, between which the seeds 5 are embedded.

Production examples for such seed mats are given below.

1st example;

A fibrous web delivered by a carding machine

with a weight of 60 g / m, consisting of cross-laid cellulose fibers with 4.6 dtex and 60 mm staple length, is j from above using a scattering device with a mixture j

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sprinkled by seeds in the amount of 30 g / m. On this j

Fiber web becomes a pre-consolidated second fiber web

of 50 g / m over a deflection roller. Both tracks are connected under a known needle device and solidified into a usable fluffy mat.

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2nd example;

A fiber web made of cotton fibers is formed into a random fleece in an aerodynamic process and by means of a scattering device sprinkled with a mixture of grass seeds and fertilizing substances in granular form. This substrate layer is also covered again with a second solidified fiber web and with this to form a fleece mat tied together.

5th example:

According to Fig.3, the middle layer is divided by two Nonwovens covered from the outside. The latter are impregnated with fertilizing substances, which after laying out the Dissolve mats in the rain and increase germination and growth of the plants in the total mat. The solidification of the three Layers are made by welding with a thermoplastic material, e.g. polyethylene, which is thread-like or runs in the form of a network during production and melts due to the local pressure of a heated impeller.

Claims (10)

Protection claims 1. Seed mat, characterized by a loose fiber fleece in which the plant seeds (5) are embedded. 2. Seed mat according to claim 1, characterized in that two layers (2, 3) of fiber fleece are interwoven with each other (4 ·) Bind and that in one layer {3) or between both layers of the plant seeds (5) are embedded is. 3. Saiaenmatte according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the upper layer (2) consists of a firmer fleece than the lower layer (3) * in which the plant seed (5) is embedded. 4 · Sajaenmatte according to claims 1 and 2, characterized indicates that it consists of three layers of fiber fleece »whereby the middle layer (3) in which the plant seeds (5) is embedded is made of a very loose and the two outer layers consist of a stronger fiber fleece. 5. Saaenaatte according to claims 1-4-, characterized in that it consists of a rollable web (1). 6. Samenxoatte according to claims 1-5, characterized in that fertilizers and / or between the layers Vermin control agents are introduced. 7. seed mats according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the loose fiber fleece consists of cellulose fibers (6) which are sprinkled with a mixture of plant seeds (5). 8. seed mat according to claims 1-7, characterized in that the loose fiber fleece from the random fleece shaped fibers, preferably cotton fibers, ir the plant seeds is embedded. 9. seed mat according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the individual layers are intertwined are. 10. seed mat according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the individual layers are connected to one another by welding by means of a thermoplastic material.