DE673674C - Process for firing porcelain or other sintered ceramic materials by electrical means - Google Patents

Process for firing porcelain or other sintered ceramic materials by electrical means

Info

Publication number
DE673674C
DE673674C DEP64191D DEP0064191D DE673674C DE 673674 C DE673674 C DE 673674C DE P64191 D DEP64191 D DE P64191D DE P0064191 D DEP0064191 D DE P0064191D DE 673674 C DE673674 C DE 673674C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
electrical means
ceramic materials
sintered ceramic
carbonic acid
firing porcelain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEP64191D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dipl-Ing Friedrich Dettmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DEP63097D external-priority patent/DE623993C/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DEP64191D priority Critical patent/DE673674C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE673674C publication Critical patent/DE673674C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32Burning methods

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum Brennen von Porzellan oder anderen gesinterten keramischen Stoffen auf elektrischem Wege Die Erfindung betrifft eine Weiterbildung des den Gegenstand des Patents 623 993 bildenden Verfahrens zum Brennen keramischer gesinterter Waren ,auf elektrischem Wege bei Temperaturen über dem Zersetzungspunkt des Eisenoxyds unter Einführung reduzierender Gase. Es hat sich ergeben, daß das bei dem Verfahren gemäß dem Hauptpatent als Reduktioinsmittel verwendete reine Kohlenoxyd wohl bei höheren Temperaturen (etwa zwischen i i 5o und 1400'C) dauernd einwandfreie Ergebnisse liefert; daß aber bei niedrigeren Temperaturen (etwa zwischen i I50 und 95o'C) und längerem Ofenbetrieb das Kohleinoxyd durch die kohlenstoffhaltigen keramischen @elektrisehen Heizwiderstände unter Abscheidung von Kohlenstoff zerlegt wird. Dieser Kohlenstoff beschlägt die Heizkörper und verringert deren Strahlungsstärke.Process for firing porcelain or other sintered ceramic Substances by electrical means The invention relates to a development of the The subject of patent 623 993 forming process for firing ceramic sintered Goods by electrical means at temperatures above the decomposition point of iron oxide with the introduction of reducing gases. It has been found that this is the case with the procedure according to the main patent, pure carbon oxide probably used as a reducing agent higher temperatures (between about 150 and 1400'C) consistently flawless results supplies; but that at lower temperatures (between about 150 and 95o'C) and longer furnace operation the carbon oxide through the carbonaceous ceramic @electrics Heating resistors are decomposed with the deposition of carbon. This carbon steams up the radiators and reduces their radiation intensity.

Um diesem Mangel abzuhelfen, wird erfindungsgemäß im Tempieraturbereiclz zwischen 95o und i i 5o" C als reduzierendes Gas eine aus Kohlenoxyd und Kohlensäure im Verhältnis von etwa 2 :'i bestehende Mischung verwendet, die durch Beigabe von über 8o% Stickstoff verdünnt ist. Eine solche Mischung beseitigt die oben auseinandergesetzte Gefahr einer Schädigung der Heizwiderstände durch Kohlenstoffablagerungen. Denn die Zumischung.der Kohlensäure verhindert die sonst im Laufe der Zeit auftretenden Kohlenstoffablagerungen bei ;niederen Temperaturen. Das ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß der Mengenanteil an Kohlenoxyd in der Gasmischung etwa doppelt so groß ist wie der Mengenanteil an Kohlensäure. Durch dieses Mengenverhältnis der beiden Stoffe wird @entsprechend dem Massenwirkungsgesetz in der Gleichung 2 C 02 = 2 C O -j- 02 das Gleichgewicht nach links verschoben, d. h. der thermische Zerfall der Kohlensäure wird erheblich herabgedrückt. Mittelbar wird dadurch aber .auch die Gefahr eines chemischen Angriffs der Kohlensäure auf die keramischen Heizwiderstände vermindert, weil auch dieser Angriff den thermischen Zerfall der Kohlensäure bedingt. Die Beigabe des indifferenten Stickstoffs beeinträchtigt einerseits nicht die in ausreichendem Maise @erforderliche Aufrechterhaltung des reduzierenden Charakters des Gases, drängt .andererseits alle etwaigen Umsetzungen der nunmehr nur noch verdünnt vorliegenden Komponenten Kohlenoxyd und Kohlensäure .an den H.eizwiderständen noch weiter zurück und vermindert schließlich die Giftigkeit des Gemisches ganz wesentlich. Brauchbare Gasgemische sind z. B. 970/0 Stickstoff, zfl/o Kohlenoxyd, i % Kohlensäure r00%. Der Mengenanteil des Stickstoffs muß um so mehr verringert werden; je schneller die Ware durch den Ofen geschoben wird. Bei besonders schneller Schiebezeit hat-sich als praktisch brauchbar z. B. folgendes Gemisch herausgestellt: 85% Stickstoff; i o % Kohlenoxyd, 5 % Kohlensäure I00%. In order to remedy this deficiency, a mixture consisting of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in a ratio of about 2: 1 is used according to the invention in the temperature range between 95o and 1150 "C as a reducing gas, which is diluted by adding over 80% nitrogen. Such a mixture eliminates the danger of damage to the heating resistors by carbon deposits, as explained above, because the admixture of carbonic acid prevents the carbon deposits that otherwise occur over time at low temperatures. This is due to the fact that the proportion of carbon oxide in the gas mixture is about twice as large Like the proportion of carbonic acid. This proportion of the two substances shifts the equilibrium to the left in accordance with the law of mass action in the equation 2 C 02 = 2 CO -j- 02, ie the thermal decomposition of carbonic acid is considerably reduced .also the danger of a chemical Attack of the carbonic acid on the ceramic heating resistors is reduced because this attack also causes the thermal decomposition of the carbonic acid. The addition of the indifferent nitrogen on the one hand does not impair the maintenance of the reducing character of the gas, which is necessary in sufficient quantity, on the other hand it suppresses all possible conversions of the now only diluted components carbon dioxide and carbonic acid at the heating resistances even further and finally reduces the Toxicity of the mixture is very important. Usable gas mixtures are e.g. B. 970/0 nitrogen, zfl / o carbon oxide, i% K ohlensäure r00%. The proportion of nitrogen must be reduced all the more; the faster the goods are pushed through the oven. In the case of a particularly fast shifting time, it has been found to be practically useful, for example. B. highlighted the following mixture: 85% nitrogen; io% carbon dioxide, 5% carbonic acid 100%.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH Verfahren zum Brennen von Porzellan oder anderen gesinterten keramischen Stoffen auf elektrischem Wege bei Temperaturen über dem Zersetzungspunkt des Eisenoxyds unter Einführung reduzierender Gase nach Patent 623993, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Temperaturbereich zwischen 95o und i i5o° C als reduzierendes Gas -eine aus Kohlenoxyd und Kohlensäure im Verhältnis von etwa z : i bestehende Mischung verwendet wird, die durch Beigabe von über 8o 0,1o Stickstoff verdünnt ist. PATENT CLAIM Process for firing porcelain or other sintered ceramic materials by electrical means at temperatures above the decomposition point of the iron oxide with the introduction of reducing gases according to Patent 623993, characterized in that in the temperature range between 95o and 15o ° C as a reducing gas - a carbon oxide and carbonic acid in the ratio of about z: i existing mixture is used, which is diluted by adding more than 8o 0.1o nitrogen.
DEP64191D 1931-05-17 1931-11-04 Process for firing porcelain or other sintered ceramic materials by electrical means Expired DE673674C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP64191D DE673674C (en) 1931-05-17 1931-11-04 Process for firing porcelain or other sintered ceramic materials by electrical means

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP63097D DE623993C (en) 1931-05-17 1931-05-17 Process for firing ceramic goods in electrically heated ovens and ovens to carry out the process
DEP64191D DE673674C (en) 1931-05-17 1931-11-04 Process for firing porcelain or other sintered ceramic materials by electrical means

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE673674C true DE673674C (en) 1939-03-25

Family

ID=25990904

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DEP64191D Expired DE673674C (en) 1931-05-17 1931-11-04 Process for firing porcelain or other sintered ceramic materials by electrical means

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE673674C (en)

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