DE647951C - Process for cementing objects made of iron, steel and their alloys - Google Patents

Process for cementing objects made of iron, steel and their alloys

Info

Publication number
DE647951C
DE647951C DED51206D DED0051206D DE647951C DE 647951 C DE647951 C DE 647951C DE D51206 D DED51206 D DE D51206D DE D0051206 D DED0051206 D DE D0051206D DE 647951 C DE647951 C DE 647951C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
iron
steel
alloys
cementing
objects made
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DED51206D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Walter Beck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Priority to DED51206D priority Critical patent/DE647951C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE647951C publication Critical patent/DE647951C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44Carburising
    • C23C8/46Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum Zementieren von Gegenständen aus Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Zementieren von Gegenständen aus Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen in Cyanidschmelzbädern, welches sich insbesondere durch die Verbesserung der bisherigen Betriebsweise und Erzielung vorzüglicher Zementierungen auszeichnet.Method of cementing objects made of iron, steel and their Alloys The invention relates to a method for cementing objects of iron, steel and their alloys in cyanide melt baths, which is in particular by improving the previous mode of operation and achieving excellent cementations excels.

Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung besteht im wesentlichen darin, in Cyanide enthaltenden Schmelzbädern, in denen außerdem noch fein verteilte Kohle untergebracht ist, den Zementiervorgang bei Temperaturen oberhalb 9oo° durchzuführen.The method according to the invention consists essentially in in Molten baths containing cyanides, in which also finely divided coal is accommodated to carry out the cementing process at temperatures above 900 °.

Es ist bekannt, Gegenstände aus Eisen oder Stahl und deren Legierungen in Cyanide, z. B. Natriumcyanid, enthaltenden schmelzflüssigen Bädern, welche neben Cyaniden z. B. noch Salze, wie Kochsalz, Soda, gegebenenfalls mehrere derartiger Salze enthalten können, zu zementieren.It is known objects made of iron or steel and their alloys in cyanides, e.g. B. sodium cyanide, containing molten baths, which in addition to Cyanides e.g. B. salts, such as table salt, soda, optionally several such Salts may contain cement.

Es sind auch bereits Bäder verwendet worden, welche neben Cyaniden noch fein verteilte Kohle enthalten. Bei der Durchführung von Cyanidschmelzbadhärtungen hat man bisher jedoch ganz allgemein Temperaturen, welche 86o° nicht überschreiten, eingehalten und in der Technik durchweg bei Temperaturen um etwa 85o° gearbeitet. Das Einhalben dieser Temperaturgrenzen dürfte in erster Linie darauf zurückzuführen sein, dä.ß sich bei gelegentlichem Überschreiten derselben eine außerordentlich heftige Zersetzung dies Cyanids gezeigt hat. Hierdurch wurde einerseits der frei werdende Kohlenstoff seiner Zweckbestimmung entzogen, andererseits trat ein, lästiges Überschäumen des Bades in Erscheinung. Vor allem aber glaubte man befürchten zu müssen, daß bei Anwendung höherer Temperaturen Verschlechterungen mit Bezug auf die Kernfestigl,eit der gehärteten Gegenstände stattfinden würden.Baths have also been used which, in addition to cyanides still contain finely divided coal. When performing cyanide bath hardening So far, however, you have generally temperatures that do not exceed 86o °, adhered to and worked in technology consistently at temperatures of around 85o °. The adherence to these temperature limits is likely to be primarily due to this be, that if it is occasionally exceeded, an extraordinary result this cyanide has shown violent decomposition. On the one hand, this became free The carbon that was being used was withdrawn from its intended purpose, and on the other hand something annoying occurred The appearance of foaming over the bathroom. Above all, however, it was believed to be feared must, that with application of higher temperatures deterioration with respect to the core strength before the hardened objects would take place.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß bei Anwendung von Bädern, welche 'im wesentlichen aus Cyaniden bestehen und noch fein verteilte Kohle enthalten, die genannten Grenztemperaturen nicht nur ohne Bedenken überschritten werden .können, sondern daß man hierbei sogar besondere Vorteile erzielen kann.It has now been found that when baths are used, which 'essentially consist of cyanides and still contain finely divided coal, the limit temperatures mentioned not only can be exceeded without hesitation, but that one can even can achieve particular advantages.

Das Arbeiten bei Temperaturen oberhalb 9oo°, z. B. solchen von gzo bis 95o°, bietet nämlich den Vorteil, daß im Vergleich mit den bekannten, bei bis etwa 85o° arbeitenden Verfahren innerhalb eines gewissen Zeitraumes erheblich größere Härtetiefen erreicht werden können bzw. daß die Zeitdauer des Zementierungsvorganges erheblich abgekürzt werden kann, ohne daß dabei ungünstige Veränderungen in bezug auf Kernfestigkeit, insbesondere auch die Bildung von schädlichem 2ementit, auftreten. Ein weiterer besonders überraschender Effekt liegt auch darin, daß, wie erwähnt, der Zementationseffekt der Bäder ganz erheblich erhöht wird. Vcrgleich@nde Versuche haben ergeben, daß bei. Benutzung von Bädern, welche neben Cyaniden noch fein. verteilte Kohle enthielten,. unter Anwendung von Temperaturen zwischen etwa 930 bis 95o° der Kohlenstoff in der gleichen Zeit ungefähr dreimal so tief in das Eisen eingedrungen war als bei Anwendung eines gleich zusammengesetzten, Kohle nicht enthaltenden Bades biei einer Arbeitstemperatur von 85o°. Bei einstündiger Bchandlung von Gegenständen aus z. B. unlegiertem Stahl mit beispielsweise o, I o ojo Kohlenstoff kann man Zementiertiefen bis zu o,Gmm erzielen.Working at temperatures above 900 °, e.g. B. those from gzo to 95o °, namely offers the advantage that, in comparison with the known methods working at up to about 85o °, considerably greater hardening depths can be achieved within a certain period of time or that the duration of the cementing process can be considerably shortened, without unfavorable changes in relation to core strength, in particular also the formation of harmful 2ementite, occurring. Another particularly surprising effect is that, as mentioned, the cementation effect of the baths is increased quite considerably. Comparative tests have shown that with. Use of baths, which are fine in addition to cyanides. distributed coal contained. when using temperatures between about 930 to 95o ° the carbon had penetrated about three times as deeply into the iron in the same time as when using a bath of the same composition that did not contain carbon at a working temperature of 85o °. For one hour treatment of objects from z. B. unalloyed steel with, for example, o, I o ojo carbon, cementing depths of up to o, Gmm can be achieved.

Das Verfahren ermöglicht,ganz allg,cm,cin die Erzielung von Härtetiefen beispielsweise in 2 Stunden, welche bisher nur durch zwölfstündige Erhitzung mit pulverigen Koliltnigsmitteln erzielt werden k,olnibcn.In general, the process enables depths of hardness to be achieved for example in 2 hours, which so far only by heating for twelve hours Powdery Koliltnigsmittel can be achieved k, olnibcn.

Die an sich zu befürchtende Steigerung der Tendenz von Bädern d,cr in Rede stehenden Art, stark überzuschäninen, ist überraschenderweise bei den Arbeitstempüraturen gemäß Erfindung nicht zu beobachten; die Bäder zeigen vielmehr ein durchaus ruhiges Arbeiten, so daß die gesamte Durchführung des Verfahrens wesentlich vereinfacht wird. Ein Verziehen der Wcrlcstücke, ivie es beispielsweise bei der Einsatzhärtung mit festen 7Zementationsmitteln vielfach vorkommt und auch bei Verwendung flüssiger Zementationsbäder bekannt ist, tritt praktisch nicht ein.The per se to be feared increase in the tendency of baths d, cr The type in question, strongly over-dressing, is surprisingly in the working temperatures according to the invention not to be observed; rather, the bathrooms are quite calm Work so that the entire implementation of the method is significantly simplified will. Warping of the workpieces, as is the case, for example, during case hardening occurs frequently with solid cementation agents and also when using liquid ones Cementation baths are known, practically does not occur.

Es hat sich schließlich noch als vorteilhaft erwiesen, außer den Cyaniden, z. B. Natriumcyanid, gegebenenfalls noch Cyanamide, wie Natriumcyanamid, zuzusetzen. Die Anwesenheit dieser Zusatzstoffe bietet den Vorteil, daß die Schmelze dünnflüssiger wird, auch wurde _ bei derartigen Bädern eine längere Wirkungsdauer festgestellt.It has finally proven to be beneficial, besides the cyanides, z. B. sodium cyanide, optionally cyanamides, such as sodium cyanamide, to be added. The presence of these additives has the advantage that the melt is more fluid is, and a longer duration of action was found in such baths.

Claims (2)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Verfahren zum Zementieren v(111 Gegenständen aus Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen in Cyanide und fein v-crteilte I@-ohle enthaltenden Sclimelzbtid:crn, dadurch gelzciirizciclinet, daß d,er Zementicrvorgang lief Temperaturen oberhalb goo' "vorgenommen wird. PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for cementing objects made of iron, steel and their alloys in cyanide and finely divided carbon dioxide: crn, thereby gelzciirizciclinet that the cementing process was carried out at temperatures above goo '". 2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch i, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung von Schmelzbädern, tvelche neben Cyaniden und in der Schmelze fein vei"teilter Kohle noch Alkalicyanamid enthalten.2. The method according to claim i, characterized through the use of melt baths, tvelche in addition to cyanides and in the melt finely divided coal still contain alkali metal cyanamide.
DED51206D 1926-09-07 1926-09-07 Process for cementing objects made of iron, steel and their alloys Expired DE647951C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED51206D DE647951C (en) 1926-09-07 1926-09-07 Process for cementing objects made of iron, steel and their alloys

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED51206D DE647951C (en) 1926-09-07 1926-09-07 Process for cementing objects made of iron, steel and their alloys

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE647951C true DE647951C (en) 1937-07-17

Family

ID=7053227

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DED51206D Expired DE647951C (en) 1926-09-07 1926-09-07 Process for cementing objects made of iron, steel and their alloys

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE647951C (en)

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