DE608257C - Process for increasing the hardness of iron, steel and their alloys by cementing or nitriding - Google Patents

Process for increasing the hardness of iron, steel and their alloys by cementing or nitriding

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Publication number
DE608257C
DE608257C DED61286D DED0061286D DE608257C DE 608257 C DE608257 C DE 608257C DE D61286 D DED61286 D DE D61286D DE D0061286 D DED0061286 D DE D0061286D DE 608257 C DE608257 C DE 608257C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
hardness
iron
steel
nitriding
cementing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DED61286D
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German (de)
Inventor
Carl Albrecht
Dr Klaus Bonath
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Priority to DED61286D priority Critical patent/DE608257C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE608257C publication Critical patent/DE608257C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D9/00Electrolytic coating other than with metals
    • C25D9/04Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
    • C25D9/06Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by anodic processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44Carburising
    • C23C8/46Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/48Nitriding
    • C23C8/50Nitriding of ferrous surfaces

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Härtesteigerung von Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen durch Zementieren bzw. Nitrieren Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Härtesteigerung von Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen durch Zementieren bzw. Nitrieren in schmelzflüssigen Cyanidbädern, welches sich insbesondere durch wesentliche Beschleunigung der Einführung der härtenden Elemente und erhöhte Härtewirkungen auszeichnet.Process for increasing the hardness of iron, steel and their alloys by cementing or nitriding The invention relates to a method for Increasing the hardness of iron, steel and their alloys by cementing or nitriding in molten cyanide baths, which is characterized in particular by substantial acceleration the introduction of the hardening elements and increased hardening effects.

Es wurde nämlich gefunden, daß man durch Einleiten elektrischen Gleichstromes in schmelzflüssige Cyanidbäder während des Eintauchens der zu härtenden Gegenstände und durch Anordnung dieser Gegenstände als Anoden im Bade den Härtevorgang bedeutsam beschleunigen kann. Als cyanidhaltige Schmelzbäder kommen die hierfür bekannten verschiedensten Badgemische, etwa solche, welche Alkali- oder Erdalkalicyanide, gegebenenfalls mit schmelzpunkterniedrigenden Zuätzen o. dgl., enthalten, in Frage.It has been found that by introducing electrical direct current in molten cyanide baths during the immersion of the objects to be hardened and by arranging these objects as anodes in the bath, the hardening process is significant can accelerate. The cyanide-containing melt baths are those known for this purpose various bath mixtures, such as those containing alkali or alkaline earth cyanides, possibly with additives that lower the melting point or the like.

Die Beschleunigung der Einwanderung der betreffenden wirksamen Stoffe, wie Kohlenstoff oder Stickstoff, tritt dadurch in Erscheinung, daß während einer gegebenen Zeitspanne die Einwanderungstiefe dieser Stoffe wesentlich größer ist, als dies bei gleicher Temperatur ohne gleichzeitige Einwirkung des elektrischen Stromes der Fall wäre, bzw. dadurch, daß Einwanderungstiefen erhalten werden, welche ohne die Wirkung des Stromes nur bei höheren Temperaturen erreichbar wären. Hierdurch ist der Vorteil bedingt, daB der Brennstoffverbrauch und die Arbeitszeit bedeutsam geringer gehalten werden können. Gegebenenfalls kann natürlich auch beim Arbeiten auf bestimmte Eindringungstiefen dieses Ergebnis in einer entsprechend kürzeren Zeit erzielt werden.The acceleration of the immigration of the active substances concerned, like carbon or nitrogen, appears in that during a given period of time the depth of immigration of these substances is much greater, than this at the same temperature without simultaneous action of the electric Stromes would be the case, or by the fact that immigration depths are preserved, which without the effect of the current would only be achievable at higher temperatures. Through this the advantage is that fuel consumption and working hours are significant can be kept lower. If necessary, it can of course also be used while working on certain penetration depths this result in a correspondingly shorter one Time can be achieved.

Es konnte weiterhin festgestellt werden, daß man bei Beobachtung der oben beschriebenen Maßnahmen, d. h. wenn man während des Eintauchens der zu härtenden Gegenstände als Anoden, elektrischen Gleichstrom durch die Schmelze schickt, unter Einfluß des Stromes Einsatz- oder Einwanderungstiefen auch in -solchen Fällen erzielt, in denen man solche ohne Verwendung elektrischen Stromes bisher nur unter großen Schwierigkeiten erreichen konnte.It could also be found that when observing the measures described above, d. H. if one during the immersion of the to be hardened Objects used as anodes, direct electric current through the melt, sends under Influence of the current Depths of deployment or immigration achieved in such cases, in which one such without the use of electric current only under large Difficulty could reach.

Die erforderlichen Stromdichten können in weiten Grenzen geändert werden, beispielsweise kann man bei einer Stromdichte von 20 bis 3oAmpere/qdm und höher arbeiten, erzielt aber auch schon bei Dichten von o,5 Ampere/qdm ganz ausgezeichnete Wirkungen. Dabei zeichnen sich die erzielten Härteschichten vor allem durch große Dicke der eutektischen Schicht und durch einen ganz allmählichen und gleichmäßigen Abfall bzw. Übergang in die Kernschicht aus. DieVerwendung elektrischen Stromes beim Härten von Eisen und Stahl ist an sich bekannt. Jedoch hat man hierbei lediglich Wechselstrom, und zwar nur zur Beheizung der kohlend wirkenden Schmelze aus Carbonaten in feuerfesten Tiegeln verwendet und hierbei als Härtemittel Kohleelektroden benutzt. Irgendwelche elektrolytische Nebenwirkung des Wechselstromes tritt dabei nicht ein.The required current densities can be changed within wide limits for example, at a current density of 20 to 30 amps / qdm and work higher, but achieve excellent results even at densities of 0.5 amperes / qdm Effects. The hardness layers achieved are characterized above all by large Thickness of the eutectic layer and by a very gradual and uniform Waste or transition into the core layer. The use of electrical Current in hardening iron and steel is known per se. However, one has here only alternating current, and only to heat the carbonizing melt made of carbonates in refractory crucibles and carbon electrodes as hardeners used. Any electrolytic side effect of the alternating current occurs not a.

Weiterhin hat man zur Erlangung nicht rostender Oberflächen an Einzelteilen bereits vorgeschlagen, die zu behandelnden Eisenstücke kürzere Zeit als Anoden in einem Stickstofffreimachenden elektrolytischen Bade, z. B. Ammoniumsulfat mit freiem Ammoniak, d. b. also einem wäßrigen Elektrolyten, zu behandeln. Eingehende Versuche haben jedoch gezeigt, daß derartige Bäder nicht nur nicht zu irgendwelchen Härtesteigerungen führen, sondern vielmehr eine weitgehende Zerstörung der behandelten Gegenstände mit sich bringen. Um so überraschender sind. die Ergebnisse des vorliegenden Verfahrens, wie sie sich insbesondere in den nachfolgenden Beispielen zeigen.Furthermore, you have to obtain rustproof surfaces on individual parts already proposed that the iron pieces to be treated shorter time than anodes in a nitrogen de-electrolytic bath, e.g. B. ammonium sulfate with free Ammonia, d. b. so an aqueous electrolyte to treat. Incoming attempts have shown, however, that such baths not only do not lead to any increases in hardness lead, but rather an extensive destruction of the treated objects entail. They are all the more surprising. the results of the present proceedings, as shown in particular in the following examples.

Bei Anwendung unter elektrischem Gleichstrom stehender schmelzflüssiger Bäder zeigen sich keine der bei den bekannten Verfahren zu beobachtenden nachteiligen Einwirkungen auf das Behandlungsgut, das Verfahren führt vielmehr, wie bereits erwähnt, zu einer wesentlichen Abkürzung der bisher ohne die Verwendung von Gleichstrom erforderlichen Betriebszeiten und dabei zu Erzeugnissen von ausgezeichneter Beschaffenheit. j Beispiele i. Ein Eisenbolzen mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von o; i2 °/o wurde bei 95o° C als Anode in ein Cyanidschmelzbad eingetaucht, welches ungefähr 75 % Natriumcyanid neben Alkalichlorid und Alkalicarbonat enthält. Bei einer Stromdichte von 3o Ampere/qdm wurde eine Zementationstiefe von 1,7 mm nach 2 Stunden festgestellt, während ein Bolzen der gleichen Beschaffenheit. in einem Bad ohne Stromdurchgang eine Härtetiefe von o,8 bis r nim aufwies. Bei Verringerung des Stromes Iiuf i5 Ampere war die Zementationstiefe i,i bis i,2 mm. Diese blieb ungefähr gleich, auch wenn man mit dem Strom bis zu 1,5 Ampere Herunterging.When using molten baths under electrical direct current, none of the adverse effects observed in the known processes on the material to be treated are found; rather, as already mentioned, the process leads to a significant shortening of the operating times previously required without the use of direct current and thereby to products of excellent consistency. j examples i. An iron bolt with a carbon content of o; I2% was immersed at 95o ° C as the anode in a cyanide bath which contains about 75 % sodium cyanide in addition to alkali chloride and alkali carbonate. At a current density of 30 amps / qdm, a cementation depth of 1.7 mm was found after 2 hours, while a bolt of the same quality. had a hardness depth of 0.8 to r nim in a bath without current passage. When the current was reduced to 15 amperes, the cementation depth was from i, i to i, 2 mm. This stayed about the same, even if you went down with the current up to 1.5 amps.

2. Ein Eisenbolzen gleicher Art wie gemäß Beispiel i wird in einer Lösung aus iooo Teilen Wasser und Zoo Teilen (i@TH4)2 SO, entsprechend den Vorschriften des erwähnten bekannten Verfahrens zur Erzielung von Rostschutzoberflächen als Anode untergebracht und bei der dabei vorgeschriebenen Stromdichte von 45 Ampere/qdm über 24. Stunden bei Zimmertemperatur mit Kupferkathode elektrolysiert. Die Härte dieser Probe, wie einer weiteren unter gleichen Bedingungen über 48 Stunden elektrolysierten Probe, betrug nach dieser Zeit nach wie vor 67 bis 70' Rockwell B. Nach der Behandlung wurden infolge der starken Aufrauhung der Probe unter Einfluß korodierender Badbestandteile auch niedrigere Werte gemessen. Bei Untersuchung der Probe auf eine Härtungswirkung mit einer heile konnte nicht die geringste Spur einer Oberflächenhärte festgestellt werden. Die Bolzen zeigen vielmehr, wie erwähnt, starke Korrosion, der über .48 Stunden lang behandelte Bolzen sogar an der Berührungsgrenze zwischen Luft und Badflüssigkeit eine mehrere Millimeter tief eingefressene Rinne.2. An iron bolt of the same type as in Example i is placed as an anode in a solution of 10000 parts of water and zoo parts (i @ TH4) 2 SO, in accordance with the regulations of the aforementioned known method for achieving rust protection surfaces and at the current density of 45 amps / qdm electrolyzed with copper cathode for 24 hours at room temperature. The hardness of this sample, like another sample electrolyzed under the same conditions for 48 hours, was still 67 to 70 ' Rockwell B after this time. When the sample was examined for a hardening effect with a heal, not the slightest trace of surface hardness could be found. Rather, the bolts show, as mentioned, severe corrosion, the bolts treated for more than 48 hours even show a groove several millimeters deep at the contact boundary between air and bath liquid.

Claims (2)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Verfahren zur Härtesteigerung von Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen durch Zementieren bzw. Nitrieren in schmelzflüssigen Cyanidbädern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu behandelnden Gegenstände als Anoden in dem unter der Einwirkung elektrischen Gleichstromes stehenden Schmelzbad untergebracht werden. PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for increasing the hardness of iron, steel and their alloys by cementing or nitriding in molten cyanide baths, characterized in that the objects to be treated as anodes in the under The weld pool standing under the influence of electrical direct current can be accommodated. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromdichte des anzuwendenden Gleichstromes etwa o,1 bis 5o Ampereiqdm und mehr beträgt.2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that the current density of the to be applied Direct current is about 0.1 to 50 Ampereqdm and more.
DED61286D 1931-06-09 1931-06-09 Process for increasing the hardness of iron, steel and their alloys by cementing or nitriding Expired DE608257C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED61286D DE608257C (en) 1931-06-09 1931-06-09 Process for increasing the hardness of iron, steel and their alloys by cementing or nitriding

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DED61286D DE608257C (en) 1931-06-09 1931-06-09 Process for increasing the hardness of iron, steel and their alloys by cementing or nitriding

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1255438B (en) * 1965-04-28 1967-11-30 Degussa Process for nitriding and / or carbonitriding of metals, especially of iron and iron alloys, in fused salt baths containing alkali cyanide and alkali cyanate
EP0637637A1 (en) * 1993-08-06 1995-02-08 CENTRE STEPHANOIS DE RECHERCHES MECANIQUES HYDROMECANIQUE ET FROTTEMENT Société dite: Process for nitriding iron workpieces, with improved oxidation resistance

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1255438B (en) * 1965-04-28 1967-11-30 Degussa Process for nitriding and / or carbonitriding of metals, especially of iron and iron alloys, in fused salt baths containing alkali cyanide and alkali cyanate
EP0637637A1 (en) * 1993-08-06 1995-02-08 CENTRE STEPHANOIS DE RECHERCHES MECANIQUES HYDROMECANIQUE ET FROTTEMENT Société dite: Process for nitriding iron workpieces, with improved oxidation resistance
FR2708623A1 (en) * 1993-08-06 1995-02-10 Stephanois Rech Mec Nitriding process for ferrous metal parts, with improved corrosion resistance.
US5518605A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-05-21 Centre Stephanois De Recherches Mecaniques Hydromecanique Et Frottement Method of nitriding ferrous metal parts having improved corrosion resistance

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