DE60212358T2 - BALLISTIC RESISTANT OBJECT - Google Patents

Abstract

A flexible ballistic resistant article is disclosed that includes a plurality of layers of fabric having an areal density of 2 to 10 kg/m2, wherein at least two of the layers of fabric are loosely woven. The loosely woven fabric layers include fabric woven with a fabric tightness factor of 0.3 to 0.6 and are made using continuous filament yarns with a linear density of at least 200 dtex, a tenacity of at least 10 grams per dtex and a tensile modulus of at least 150 grams per dtex. Adjacent loosely woven fabric layers are joined together by means for securing the layers to restrict the movement of the loosely woven fabric layers relative to one another.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

These This invention relates to the field of ballistic resistant articles.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE STAND TECHNOLOGY IN THIS FIELD

To There is a continuing need for a prior art Supply of items like for example with vests, dresses and the like, which improved ballistic resistance exhibit while they are comfortable to wear at the same time. After the previous state In terms of technology, efforts are focused on increasing the ballistic resistance an object, either to increase the strength or to reduce the denier of the fibers used in these articles.

To the Example discloses International Publication no. WO 93/00564 ballistic structures, which layers of a para-aramid yarns with a high strength woven textile product for use bring.

The United States Patent No. 4850050 discloses a body protection, made of p-aramid yarns made, which filaments of a small individual have linear density. about the ballistic efficiency according to that Invention produced body protection is reported to have an improvement of 5% across from a comparative textile product according to the prior art.

melliand Textile Reports, Structure and Action of Bullet-Resistant Protective Vests, No. 6, pages 463-8 (1981) discloses that fabrics of fine aramid fibers with the Example 220 or 440 dtex, better ballistic protection deliver as textile products made from coarser yarns.

The United States Patent No. 5187003 discloses one for the ballistic Protection useful textile product, which uneven fibers in the direction of the warp and in the Weft direction has. With reference to the coverage factor of the fabric it is noted that the textile product with a coverage factor of less than 0.6 for effective ballistic protection would be too loose.

The United States Patent No. 4287607 discloses a ballistic Vest, which is made of a variety of double-material layers a loosely woven aramid fiber with a nylon film or one Nylon textile product, which is between several of the layers double woven fabric is placed in between. These double-material layers have a fabric tension factor as defined herein is about 0.71.

The Document WO 01/96805, which only after the priority date of the present application has revealed ballistic objects facing one Knife stab resistant are. Things include a variety of loosely woven, versus one Knife stab resistant Textile layers which, except for a textile firmness factor of less are woven as 0.65, and a variety of ballistic layers. These loosely woven textile layers are not the one to the other attached, creating a relative movement between adjacent Layers possible remains.

SUMMARY THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a flexible, ballistic resistant article comprising a plurality of layers of a textile product having an areal density of 2 to 10 kg / m ² , wherein at least two of the layers of the textile product are loosely woven. The loosely woven textile layers of a textile product comprise a woven textile product having a fabric tension factor of 0.3 to 0.6 and are prepared using continuous filament yarns having a linear density of at least 200 dtex, a tenacity of at least 10 grams per dtex, and one Tensile modulus of at least 150 grams per dtex. Adjacent loosely woven textile layers are joined together by means of securing the layers to relative movement of the loosely woven textile layers to restrict each other.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The The present invention is directed to a flexible, ballistic tough Object. The object contains a plurality of woven textile layers of a textile product, wherein at least two of these layers are loosely woven. The Loosely woven textile layers are connected to each other restrict relative movement of these layers to each other. Of the Subject shows surprisingly an improved ballistic resistance.

Of the The inventor named herein has discovered that the ballistic resistance of a textile product is dramatically improved when the item Layers of a textile product with yarns containing a textile tension factor are woven of less than 0.6. It is believed that a textile tension factor, which is as low as 0.3, improved ballistic resistance supplies. As used herein, the term "loosely woven" in reference to his Application on textile layers of a textile product one layer of a textile product with yarns having a textile tension factor are woven from about 0.3 to about 0.6.

To at the time of the present invention are ballistic resistant textile products been woven tightly. The inventor named herein has in his Efforts that are completely contrary to the ongoing technical understanding now discovered that textile products that are loosely woven show improved ballistic resistance. While you are Expected that all textile products diminished with any Strain factor show some improvement, you will find the biggest improvement with a tightening factor of less than 0.6. If the firmness factor is further reduced, then the ballistic resistance further improved until the firmness factor reaches about 0.3, in which the fabric of the textile product is so loose that a unacceptably high areal density for one effective ballistic protection would be required.

Of the ballistic article according to the invention is made using a variety of layers of a Protective textile product and it contains at least two layers of a loosely woven textile product. The loosely woven textile layers are equipped with tools for Set these layers firmly together to complete the movement restrict these layers relative to each other. These aids to Can set be any tools that are normally used to attach layers of a textile product together such as a sewing together, a step-through, adhesives and / or adhesive tapes. There is no restriction, like the loosely woven layers are sewn together and / or stitched together. The sewing and / or stitching can be done around the edges of these layers or across the layers, such as by diagonal stitching and / or Quilting or by sewing and / or quilting similar to the stitching table.

The Other layers of the textile product can also be stuck together be connected using tools for setting or backing up, but it's not critical that these other layers are stuck be connected with each other so that there is no relative movement of these layers to each other.

The Construction of the ballistic article according to this Invention is in contrast to an object which is opposite to a Penetration by a knife stitch is resistant and in which adjacent layers of a protective textile product not held together, but are free, relative to each other to move around the resistance of this object to a penetration to increase by a knife cut.

The here present invention is entirely constructed from a woven textile product without the need for rigid plates or plates and without the need for stencil resin or binders which coat or impregnate the materials of the textile product. Such rigid plates or platelets or however, matrix resins or binders may be related be used with the object of the invention.

The objects according to this Invention are more flexible, lighter in weight, softer when touching, more comfortable to wear and more flexible and supple than the conventional, ballistic resistant Constructions according to the prior art.

The textile products according to the present invention, including the loosely woven Textilschich All or some of these yarns are made from yarns with a strength of at least 10 grams per dtex and a tensile modulus of at least 150 grams per dtex. Such yarns can be made from aramids, polyolefins, polybenzoxazole, polybenzothiazole and the like; and, if desired, the textile products can be made from blends of such yarns. For example, the textile products in the weft direction may contain yarns of one type and in the direction of picking yarns of a different type.

"Aramid" is a polyamide understood, in which at least 85% of the amide bonds (-CO-NH-) directly are bound to two aromatic rings. Suitable aramid fibers have been described in Man-Made Fibers - Science and Technology, Volume 2, in the section there called Fiber-Forming Aromatic Polyamides, page 297, W. Black et al., Interscience Publishers, 1968. Aramid fibers have also been disclosed in U.S. Pat. patents 4172938; 3869429; 3819587; 3673143; 3354127; and 3094511.

Accessories can with Aramid are used together and it has been found that as much as up to 10 percent by weight of another polymer Material can be mixed with the aramid or that copolymers can be used that have as much as 10 percent of another diamine which has been exchanged for the diamine of aramid, or so much as up to 10 percent of another diacid chloride, the against the diacid chloride of the aramid has been exchanged.

Para-aramids are the primary ones Polymers in the aramid yarn fibers of this invention and poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) is the preferred para-aramid. With PPD-T is the homopolymer meant that from a mole-by-mole Polymerization of p-phenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride, and also copolymers resulting from the incorporation of small amounts of other diamines with p-phenylenediamine and small amounts of other diacid chlorides with terephthaloyl chloride. As a general rule It is understood that other diamines and other diacid chlorides are used can in quantities as big as up to about 10 mole percent of p-phenylenediamine or terephthaloyl chloride or maybe a bit more, just assuming that the others Diamines and diacid chlorides have no reactive groups which the polymerization reaction affect. PPD-T also stands for Copolymers resulting from the incorporation of other aromatic diamines and other aromatic diacid chlorides such as 2,6-naphthaloyl chloride or chloro- or dichloroterephthaloyl chloride or 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether. The preparation of PPD-T is in the United States patents No. 3869429; 4308374 and 4698414 have been described.

By "polyolefin" is meant polyethylene or polypropylene. By polyethylene is meant a predominantly linear polyethylene material which preferably has a molecular weight greater than one million and which contains minor amounts of chain branches or comonomers which do not exceed the number of 5 modifying units per 100 carbon atoms of the main chain, and also as an admixture may contain no more than about 50% by weight of one or more polymeric additives, such as alkene-1 polymers, especially low density polyethylene, propylene and the like, or low molecular weight additives such as antioxidants, lubricants, ultraviolet protectants, dyes and the like, which are usually incorporated. Such is commonly known as extended chain polyethylene (ECPE). Similarly, polypropylene is a predominantly linear polypropylene material, preferably having a molecular weight of more than one million. High molecular weight linear polyolefin fibers are commercially available. The production of polyolefin fibers is described in US 4457985 discussed.

polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole are preferably prepared from mers with the following structure:

Even though the aromatic groups shown with the nitrogen atoms are linked, they may be heterocyclic, they are preferred carbocyclic; and although they are condensed or uncondensed polycyclic Can represent systems they preferably consist of individual six-membered rings. Even though the group shown in the main chain of bis-azoles from the preferred Para-phenylene group, this group can by any divalent organic group, which does not comply with the Production of the polymer interferes, or by at all no group. For example, this group may be an aliphatic group be, with up to twelve Carbon atoms, such as tolylene, biphenylene, bis-phenylene ether and like.

The Polybenzoxazole and the polybenzothiazole which are used to make the fibers of this invention should be at least 25 and preferably at least 100 mering units. The Preparation of these polymers and spinning of these polymers will be mentioned in the aforementioned international publication WO 93/20400 discloses.

"Textile Tension Factor" and "Cover Factor" are terms that are given to the weave density of a textile product. The coverage factor is a calculated value which is related to the geometry of the fabric and which indicates the percentage of that total areal extent of a textile product covered by yarns of the textile product. The equation used to calculate the coverage factor is as follows (from Weaving: Conversion of Yarns to Fabric, Lord and Mohamed, published by Merrow (1982), pages 141-143):
d _w = width of the warp yarn in the textile product
d _f = width of the weft yarn in the textile product
p _w = distance of the warp yarns (the ends per unit length)
p _f = distance of weft yarns
C _w = d _w / p _w C _f = d _f / p _f Coverage factor of the textile product = C fab = Total covered area / enclosed area C _fab = [(p _w -d _w ) d _f + d _w p _f ] / p _w p _f
= (C _f + C _w - C _f C _w )

Depending on the type of fabric of a textile product, the maximum coverage factor may be quite low, even if the yarns of the textile product are close together. For this reason A more useful indicator of tissue trueness is called the "textile stretch factor".

Fabric tension factor is a measure of the strength of a textile fabric as compared to the maximum fabric strength as a function of the coverage factor. Textile Strain Factor = actual coverage factor / maximum coverage factor

To the Example is the maximum coverage factor, which is for a simple Textile fabric possible is at 0.75; and a simple textile fabric with an actual Coverage factor of 0.45 therefore becomes a fabric tension factor of 0.60. Various textile fabrics such as a simple one Textile fabric, twill or satin fabric and its variants can be considered the textile product for this Invention can be used. The preferred tissues for the practice of this invention are twill and satin fabrics and their variants, including the tissue with buttercup pattern, sometimes known as 4-harness satin fabric, as they are more flexible and more supple than the simple fabric and better at complex Curves and surfaces to adjust.

The Yarns used in this invention must have high strength of have at least 10 grams per dtex (11.1 grams per denier) and there is no known upper limit to the strength. Below At a limit of about 5 grams per dtex, the yarn does not show adequate Strength for a significant protection. The yarns must have a tensile modulus of at least 150 grams per dtex because too low a modulus results in excessive fiber elongation and an ineffective restriction the movement of a projectile or a ball will lead. There are no known ones upper limit for the tensile modulus.

A single layer of the woven textile product according to this invention would provide a measure of ballistic resistance and therefore a measure of protection; but a plurality of layers having at least two loosely woven layers of a textile product are required in an article having a basic ballistic resistance. A plurality of layers of a textile product having a total surface density, which is measured by the total weight of the textile layers per unit area, of at least 2 to 10 kg / m ² , preferably from 2.5 to 8 kg / m ² , wherein at least two of the Textile layers are loosely woven layers of a textile product, and here the present invention shows its most pronounced and surprising improvement. It has been discovered that the loosely woven layers of a textile product according to this invention, when brought together, preferably in a variety of layers, provide surprisingly effective ballistic resistance when the loosely woven layers of a textile product are joined together and secured to restrict the relative movement between the adjacent layers to each other.

The Construction of protective objects according to this Invention may also be used in conjunction with other networks from fibers of woven or non-woven ballistic layers, such as about unidirectional layers, unilaterally woven layers or like. The layers can are prepared from aramids, polyolefins, polybenzoxazoles, Polybenzothiazoles or other polymers, which usually for a ballistic protection can be used. The layers of a textile product according to this Invention can placed underneath or over other ballistic layers underneath or between two other ballistic layers become. The textile product of this invention may also be used with matrix resin or coated with binders or impregnated to the stiffness to increase the layer of the textile product, if needed.

PROCEDURE

linear Density. The linear density of a yarn or a filament becomes determined by weighing a known length of yarn or filament. The term "dtex" is defined as the weight, expressed in grams, of 10,000 meters of material. The term "denier" is defined as the weight, expressed in grams, of 9,000 meters of material.

In the actual Practice is the measured dtex value of a yarn sample or a Filament sample, the test conditions and the sample identification fed into a computer before starting a test; the computer is drawing the stress-strain curve of the sample until it breaks will, and then calculate the properties.

Tensile properties. Yarns tested for tensile elongation properties are first conditioned and then spun to a twist multiplier factor of 1.1. The yarn multiplication factor ^TM (TM = twist multiplier) of a yarn is defined as: TM = (twisted turns / cm) (dtex) -1/2 / 30.3 = (twisted turns / inch) (dtex) -1/2 / 73

The Yarns to be tested are at 25 ° C and 55% relative humidity during a minimum of 14 hours and the tensile tests are executed under these conditions. Toughness (fracture toughness), Elongation until breakage and the modulus are determined by using test yarns on an Instron Tester (Instron Engineering Corp., Canton, Mass.) breaks down.

The Toughness, Elongation and tensile modulus as defined in ASTM D2101-1985. are determined by measuring yarn lengths of 25.4 cm and a strain rate of 50% elongation / minute. The module is calculated from the slope of the curve in the stress-strain diagram 1% stretch and it is the same as the tension at 1% elongation (absolute) times 100 divided by the linear density of the test yarn.

The Toughness, the elongation and the tensile modulus of the individual filaments are on the same way as for the yarns; but the filaments are subjected to no twisting and it is a Maßlänge of 2.54 cm used.

Ballistic Performance. Ballistic tests of the multilayer panels are carried out to to determine the ballistic limit (V50) according to MIL-STD-662e with one exception, when selecting projectiles, such as follows: A panel to be tested becomes against the backing material from Roma Plastilina No. 1 clay arranged in a sample structure, around the panel taut and perpendicular to the path of the test projectile to keep. The projectiles consist of 9 mm all-metal shell projectiles of handguns weighing 124 grains (.0648 grams) and made of 0.357 magnum bullets with sheath and soft tip with weighing 158 grains and they are powered by a test gun tube which is capable of projectiles at different speeds fire. The first firing for each panel is made for a projectile speed, which is believed to be the Probable Ballistic Limit (V50). If the first Firing a full one Panel penetration results, then the next firing takes place for a projectile speed about 15.5 meters (50 feet) per second less, to a partial penetration of the panel to achieve. On the other hand, if the first firing no penetration or partial penetration, then the next firing takes place for one Speed which is about 15.2 meters (50 feet) per second higher, to a complete To achieve penetration. After achieving a partial and a complete Projectile penetration becomes the subsequent speed increases or decreases of about 15.2 meters (50 feet) per second used for so long until enough kills placed have been added to the ballistic boundary (V50) for the panel in question determine.

The ballistic limit (V50) is calculated by taking the arithmetic Average of an equal number of at least three of the highest partial Penetration impact speeds and the smallest complete penetration rates seeks out, provided that a difference of no more as 38.1 meters (125 feet) per second between the highest and the smallest single impact velocity.

EXAMPLES

In the following examples, composites of a variety of layers of a textile product are tested for resistance to ballistic penetration. 40.6 × 40.6 cm (16 "× 16") ballistic panels are constructed for the test in which all layers of the textile product are sewn together around the corners and additionally stitched diagonally with cross stitches. Several different textile products with different firmness factors, made from yarns of different materials, are tested at different textile firmness factors and with surface densities between 5.4 and 6.2 kg / m ² .

EXAMPLES 1-4 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5

A variety of layers of woven aramid yarn have been made for these examples. The Yarn is a aramid yarn, which is sold by EI du Pont de Nemours and Company under the trademark Kevlar ^®. The aramid is a poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide).

In Example 1, forty (40) layers of a textile product are woven from 1111 dtex ^Kevlar® 29 in a plain fabric at 6.3 x 6.3 ends per centimeter with a fabric tension factor of 0.59 and an areal density of about 5 , 8 kg / m ² . In Example 2, 40 layers of a textile product are made as in Example 1, except that the textile product is made in a crowfoot pattern fabric at 6.7 x 6.7 ends per centimeter and that the textile product has a fabric tension factor of 0, 53 and has a surface density of about 6.2 kg / m ² .

In Example 3, forty (40) layers of a textile product are woven from 933 dtex ^Kevlar® 129 in a plain fabric at 7 x 7 ends per centimeter with a fabric tension factor of 0.6 and an areal density of about 5.4 kg / m ² . In Example 4, 40 layers of a textile product are made as in Example 3, except that the textile product is made in a crowfoot pattern fabric at 7.9 x 7.9 ends per centimeter and that the textile product has a fabric tension factor of 0, 56 and has an areal density of about 5.8 kg / m ² .

In Comparative Example 5, a textile product is prepared which has approximately the same surface density as that of the textile products in Examples 1-4. The fabric product contains twenty-two (22) layers of a 933 dtex ^Kevlar® 129 woven fabric in a plain fabric at 12.2 x 12.2 ends per centimeter with a fabric tension factor of 0.93 and an areal density of about 5, 4 kg / m ² .

The Construction of the textile products in Examples 1-4 and in the comparative Example 5 is summarized in Table 1 below.

The Layers of textile products in Examples 1-4 and in the comparative Example 5 are tested for the ballistic speed V50 compared to the 9 mm and the 0.357 Mag Shot. The results of the ballistic shown in Table 2 Tests indicate that the V50 results for the items of this Invention, as shown in Examples 1-4, are significantly larger as the V50 results of the subject of the comparative example 5. In summary, the objects of the invention show an improvement from about 7.5 to 13%, compared with the subject of the comparative Example 5.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

EXAMPLES 6-7 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8

A variety of woven polybenzoxazole (PBO) yarn layers have been made for these examples. The yarn is manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. sold under the trade name Zylon ^®.

In Example 6, forty (40) layers of fabric woven from 1111 dtex product Zylon ^® in a plain weave at 6.3 x 6.3 ends per centimeter with a fabric tightness factor of 0.59 and an areal density of about 5, 8 kg / m ² . In Example 7, thirty-five (35) layers of a textile product are made as in Example 6, except that the textile product is made in a crowfoot fabric at 7.5 x 7.5 ends per centimeter and that the textile product is a fabric tension factor of 0.58 and an areal density of about 5.9 kg / m ² .

In Comparative Example 8 are woven from 1111 dtex Zylon ^® thirty (30) layers of a textile product, prepared at 8.7 x 8.3 ends per centimeter with a fabric tightness factor of 0.76 and an areal density of about 5.8 kg / m ² .

The Construction of the textile products in Examples 6-7 and in Comparative Example 8 is summarized in Table 3.

The Layers of textile products in Examples 6-7 and in the comparative Example 8 are tested as above for Examples 1-4 and for Comparative Example 5 has been described. Those shown in Table 4 Results of the ballistic test against the 9 mm and 0.357 Mag Shots indicate that the V50 results for the objects of this Invention are significantly larger as the V50 results of Comparative Example 8. In summary show the objects The invention compared an improvement of about 5.9 to 13% with the subject of Comparative Example 8.

TABLE 3

TABLE 4

Claims (12)

A flexible, ballistic resistant article comprising a plurality of layers of a textile product having an areal density of 2 to 10 kg / m ² , at least two of the layers of the textile product being loosely woven and the loosely woven textile layers being a woven textile product having a fabric stretch factor of 0, 3 to 0.6, and which comprises continuous filament yarns having a linear density of at least 200 dtex, a tenacity of at least 10 grams per dtex, and a tensile modulus of at least 150 grams per dtex, with adjacent loosely woven textile layers having adjuvants for securing the layers together to restrict the movement of the loosely woven textile layers relative to one another. A flexible ballistic resistant article according to claim 1, wherein the article has an areal density of 2.5 to 8 kg / m ² . Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 1, in which the loosely woven textile layers are a resin matrix or a binder. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 1, in which the loosely woven textile layers contain aramid yarns. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 4 in which the aramid yarns are made of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) yarns consist. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 1, in which the loosely woven textile layers of polyolefin yarns consist. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 1, in which the loosely woven textile layers of polybenzoxazole or polybenzothiazole yarns. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 1, in which the yarns in the direction of the warp and those different in the direction of feeding the loosely woven textile layers are. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 8, in which the yarns contain aramid in the direction of the warp and the yarns in the weft direction polybenzoxazole or polybenzothiazole contain. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 8, in which the yarns in the direction of the warp polybenzoxazole or polybenzothiazole and the yarns in the weft aramid contain. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 1, in which the loosely woven textile layers yarns with a linear density of 0.5 to 8 dtex included. Flexible, ballistic resistant item according to claim 1, which contains a sufficient number of loosely woven textile layers contains so that the item has a ballistic V50 limit of greater than 320 m / sec for a 9 mm projectile ball has.