DE60202419T2 - explosive projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

Munition (1) comprises an explosive charge (2) inside a casing (3) around its axis (4), divided into two or more sectors (3a, 3b), one of which is designed to create fragments when a detonator (7) adjacent to the opposite sector is set off. <??>Preferred Features: The casing is made from at least two adjoining shells (8a, 8b), one covering an angle of 180 degrees or less, and made from a material such as steel or tungsten that breaks into fragments, and the other of a different material, such as a plastic or composite material or aluminum.

Description

The Technical field of the invention relates to explosive ammunition. These Ammunition comprises an explosive charge placed in a shell, which encloses an axis of ammunition.

It is known as a shaped charge ammunition, which is a sheath which is covered by the shock wave of the explosive is deformable. Such ammunition delivers in dependence from the geometry of the coating a shaped charge jet or also a forged core.

It are also splitter-generating ammunition known. These ammunition include a pre-fragmented sheath, which ejects a sheaf of splinters upon initiation. The spatial Splinter sheaf distribution is generally 360 ° around the axis the ammunition around.

It is known to provide a plurality of detonators distributed around the envelope of such ammunition to allow for preferential bundling of the fragments along one or more directions. The patent US5544589 describes such ammunition.

Yet These known ammunitions have disadvantages in certain cases on.

Around to ensure the close defense of vehicles, one is today actually induced ammunition in the direction of detected threats, such as missiles or antitank missiles, shoot.

These Ammunition, of which by document US-A-3646888, which is the preamble of claim 1, an example is shown, ensure the destruction the threat of ejection of splinters. This protection However, it is ensured at a short distance from the vehicle to be protected (on the order of 5 m). The splinters are thus not only thrown out to the threat, but also in the direction of the vehicle to be protected or the Escort objects surrounding this.

A bundling the splitter is enough not to prevent such a side effect, since the shell of the Ammunition over 360 ° pre-split is and they thus the splinters in the entire, surrounding the envelope Space is thrown away.

task the invention is to propose an ammunition which allows to eliminate such disadvantages.

The Ammunition according to the invention allows, for example, the distribution of splinters to be destroyed threat in a more effective way. she allows it is so to avoid the side effects that are capable to the vehicle to be protected to destroy or to hurt the troops that accompany it.

The Invention proposes also an ammunition with modular mode of action, whose final effect before the launch or on the trajectory depending can be programmed by the characteristics of the threat.

The Ammunition according to the invention allows it also to optimize the mass of the entrained explosive. This results in a lighter ammunition whose ultimate effectiveness is equivalent to that of known ammunition.

object The present invention is thus an explosive ammunition, the an explosive charge, which is arranged in a shell, which is an axis the ammunition encloses, and at least one first detonator for this Cargo includes, with the shell comprises at least two sectors, wherein a first sector means which ensure the formation of splinters when a first Igniter, the near a second sector is initiated, this being second sector without means, which ensure the formation of splinters, is provided, wherein the ammunition is characterized in that the case a sleeve comprising, formed from at least two abutting shells and is in contact with the explosive charge, the first sector of a first of the two shells is formed, consisting of a first Material is made that is intended to splinter to generate, wherein the second sector of a second of the two Shells is formed, which is made of a second material, which is of a different nature than that of the first material.

Of the The first sector may preferably have an angle of less than or equal to 180 ° around cover an axis of ammunition.

The first material may have a density of greater than or equal to 7, while the second material has a density of less than or equal to 3.

The The first material can be formed, for example, from steel or tungsten and the second material may be made from the following materials be selected: Plastic, composites, aluminum.

The Means for initiation can at least a second detonator include.

According to one embodiment, the second igniter can be arranged in the vicinity of the first shell, wherein the initiation of this second igniter which ensures the explosion of the cargo with an air pressure effect.

According to one another embodiment the ammunition comprises a concave sheath that is in the area of a first end of the shell arranged and is attached to the explosive charge, the second detonator in nearby a second end of the shell is arranged.

According to one another embodiment the ammunition at least three detonators include, with one nearby the first shell arranged, another near the second Shell arranged and another arranged near one end of the shell is.

The fuze are connected to a control means, which is the selection of the one or the other detonator allows.

The Explosive charge can pass through two levels and through the first shell be limited, the space being the second shell and the two Layers separates, now from a wedging and / or hedging and loading device is taken.

Further Advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following description various embodiments and the description refers to the attached drawings relates, in which:

1 FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of an ammunition according to a first embodiment of the invention, FIG.

2 a cross section of the preceding along the plane whose section line AA in 1 is set, represents

3 FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of an ammunition according to a second embodiment of the invention, FIG.

4 a cross section of the preceding according to the plane whose section line BB in 3 is set, represents

5 shows a cross section of an ammunition according to an embodiment variant of the invention,

6 a cross section of an ammunition according to another embodiment of the invention,

7 FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of an ammunition according to a third embodiment of the invention, FIG.

8th a cross section of the preceding along the plane whose section line CC in 7 is set, represents

9 FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of an ammunition according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, FIG.

10 a cross section of the preceding along the plane whose section line DD in 9 is fixed.

Referring to the 1 and 2 includes an explosive ammunition 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, an explosive charge 2 in a sheath 3 is arranged, which is an axis 4 the ammunition encloses.

The case 3 Here, on a global scale, it runs cylindrically to the axis 4 ,

The ammunition shown here 1 also includes a fuel system 5 , which is not shown in detail and in a conventional manner a propellant charge 6 in the form of a block arranged in a chamber elongated by a tube (not shown). This fuel system is not the subject of the present invention and it is possible to define an ammunition according to the invention without a fuel system.

The Ammunition is finally provided with a tail (not shown), which provided for it is, their stability to ensure in the rolling motion.

The ammunition comprises at least a first detonator 7 that allows the explosive charge 2 to detonate. This first detonator 7 is in the range of a generatrix of the shell 3 arranged. It is connected in a conventional manner to a securing and loading device (not shown), which can be firmly connected to the shell of the ammunition.

• – Einen ersten Sektor 3a, der Mittel umfasst, welche die Bildung von Splittern gewährleisten, wenn der erste Zünder 7 initiiert wird, und
• – einen zweiten Sektor 3b ohne Mittel, welche die Bildung von Splittern gewährleisten.

According to an essential feature of the invention, the casing comprises 3 at least two sectors:

• - A first sector 3a that includes means that ensure the formation of splinters when the first detonator 7 is initiated, and
• - a second sector 3b without means, which ensure the formation of splinters.

The first detonator 7 is near the second sector 3b the shell arranged. So goes through the detonator 7 initiated detonation wave in the explosive charge 2 along a substantially radial direction in the direction of the first sector 3a This ensures optimal speed for the ejection of splinters.

According to this first embodiment, the sheath comprises 3 a sleeve that consists of two bowls 8a and 8b is formed, which hit each other and the explosive charge 2 enclose. According to the in the 1 and 2 variant shown are the two shells 8a and 8b semi-cylindrical. Every sector 3a . 3b thus covers an angle of 180 ° about the axis 4 the ammunition around.

The two bowls 8a and 8b are in a pipe 9 arranged, which is made of a lightweight material, for example aluminum, plastic or a composite material.

The first sector 3a is from the first shell 8a educated. This first shell is made of a first material intended to produce splinters.

This first shell 8a For example, it can be made of steel or dense material (for example, tungsten).

The first material can become brittle to be a precursor of splinters. The embrittlement can on conventional Be achieved by mechanically grooves are introduced, which form a grid with a grid size in the desired size of the splitter. It can also be embrittlement by electron bombardment or thermal treatment that goes along of such a network is limited executed.

It can also be a modulation of the shock wave, which is the first shell subject is guaranteed according to the desired network be by stakes or zones are provided without explosives between the Explosive and the first shell are provided (for example, a Grid or grooves introduced in the explosive).

These solutions are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be further detailed described.

Inserts (metal or plastic mesh) can also be provided between the first shell and the pipe 9 arranged or in the material of the pipe 9 are admitted.

The second sector 3b is from the second shell 8b formed of a second material which is of a different nature than that of the first material.

As a second material, we chose a material that produces little or no splinters in the initiation of the charge. Suffice it to choose a material with low density (less than or equal to 3000 kg / m ³ ), which allows to ensure the mechanical resistance of the assembly, but that produces only splinters with low vulnerability in operation.

The second shell 8b For example, can be made of a plastic, for example a polyamide.

The second shell can also be made of a composite material, such as a filament winding, or also made of aluminum.

A radial pin 10 ensures the axial and angular positioning of the two half-shells with respect to the tube 9 ,

According to the embodiment shown here, the first igniter becomes 7 formed from a compact of a detonating composition, in one in the explosive charge 2 arranged hole is arranged. This compact is itself by a detonator 11 initiated by a wire 12 is connected to a device for ignition control (not shown), which is firmly connected to the launcher system (not shown) or fixed to the ammunition itself. The detonator is with the detonator compact 7 by means of a radial opening 13 brought into contact in the second shell 8b is appropriate.

A stopper 19 is on the pipe 9 screwed or glued and it ensures the axial union of the explosive charge and the shells 8a and 8b in relation to the pipe 9 ,

The one by the detonator 11 , the explosive charge 2 and the first shell 8a formed assembly represents a fragment generating charge.

The assembly of this ammunition takes place in the following manner:
An explosive block is made, for example, as a hexogen or octogen, inside which is introduced a radial hole intended to receive the igniter.

The ignition 7 is placed inside this hole, then the explosive is inside the two shells 8a and 8b arranged by making sure that the detonator 7 opposite the hole 13 the Bowl 8b located.

The bowls 8a . 8b , which are equipped with the explosive charge, are in the interior of the pipe 9 while being careful to orient the charge at the right angle. The pencil 10 is now placed in the tube and glued to ensure the axial union of the charge of the shells and the tube.

The percussion fuse 11 that with his wire 12 is equipped in the pipe 9 and towards the detonator 7 arranged.

The thus described ammunition works in the following manner.

The detonator 7 is on the trajectory of ammunition through a through the wire 12 transmitted control command triggered. The explosive charge 2 will now be detonated. The detonation wave proceeds substantially radially to the second shell 8b to the first shell 8a continued. This decomposes in the form of splinters, which are ejected at a speed of the order of 1800 m / s.

Since the second shell, which is made of a light material, does not produce splinters or minor injurious splinters, it ensures an effective sheaf corresponding to a well-defined sector, maximized by the directions d1 and d2, in 2 are limited.

It So the side effects are avoided.

To simplify the drawings, a warhead was described here, the triggering of which is effected by means of a throwing system by means of a wire. To ensure that the splinters are actually sent towards the threat, the ammunition is advantageously equipped with an igniter (not shown) based on radar or infrared technology and having a detection direction parallel to or adjacent to the direction of action of the fragmentation charge runs. This direction is the bisecting line of the angle formed by the straight lines d1 and d2 (FIG. 2 ). The detonator will go with the detonator 7 connected and he ensures the triggering of the charge in the direction of the threat that will be detected.

Various Variants are possible without over go beyond the scope of the invention.

5 shows for example an ammunition 1 on average, different from that of 2 this distinguishes that the explosive charge 2 the volume coming from the cups 8a and 8b is not completely filled.

Considering the fact that only the shell 8a has an injurious effect, it is actually not necessary to completely fill the inner volume of the ammunition with explosives. The explosive charge is now produced in the form of a "gusset", passing through the surfaces 21a and 21b and through the first shell 8a is limited.

The detonator 11 is placed at the top of the gusset. The surfaces 21a and 21b can be attached to a sheet metal panel that is fixed to the second shell 8b connected, be scheduled.

You can by means of filler blocks 20a . 20b made of, for example, synthetic foam with respect to the second shell 8b simply kept stable.

Such a variant makes it easier to make the ammunition without reducing its efficiency. It also makes it possible to reduce repercussions, with the wedging 20a . 20b ensures damping of the shock wave, which is absorbed by the second shell.

The Volume occupied by wedging may also be used to accommodate a backup and loading device.

It is also possible as a variant to produce an ammunition in which the first sector 3a an angle of less than 180 ° about the axis 4 covered in ammunition. 6 shows, for example, in section an ammunition in which the angle passing through the first sector 3a is covered, 120 °.

It should be noted that the tube 9 in the 5 and 6 not shown.

3 and 4 show an ammunition according to a second embodiment of the invention.

This ammunition is different from the one in the 1 and 2 is represented by the fact that they also have a concave sheath 14 includes, the explosive charge 2 is scheduled. This sheath is in the region of a first end (or front end) of the sheath 3 arranged. It has a rotational symmetry about the axis 4 the ammunition.

The edge of the shell fits into a groove, which is inside the shells 8a and 8b is attached, thus ensuring the axial union of the sheath.

A stop ring 18 is with screw on the pipe 9 attached. It ensures the axial fixing of the shells and the load with respect to the pipe 9 ,

A second detonator 15 in the form of a Preßlings is made of a detonating composition is disposed in the vicinity of a second end of the shell. He is in an axial hole in the explosive charge 2 is attached, used.

This compact 15 even by a percussion fuse 16 initiated by a wire 17 connected to the ignition device.

The wires 12 and 17 can be folded in the form of a strand of four wires. It can also be percussion 11 and 16 are used, each of which is provided with a logic circuit which includes a memory containing an address, which allows using a communication protocol (conventional communication technology by "BUS") to recognize one or the other percussion fuse.

In this case, it allows a single pair of wires, depending on the selection of one or the other of the two percussion fuses 11 or 16 to initiate.

To facilitate the assembly of ammunition, the wire fits 17 in a groove, in the wall of the pipe 9 is attached, and in a groove 24 one in the ground 25 of the pipe 9 is appropriate.

The second percussion fuse 15 , the explosive charge 2 and the sheath 14 formed assembly represents a core-generating charge. The triggering of the igniter 15 causes a shock wave, which is essentially axial in the explosive charge 2 progresses. The shock wave leads to the formation of an automatically forged core by everting the sheath 14 , The core is traveling at a speed of the order of 2000 m / s along the axis 4 ejected.

These Ammunition thus has two different modes of operation.

If the first detonator 7 triggered, the ammunition produces a splinter sheathing with reduced back and side effects, thanks to the presence of the second shell 8b as well as the soil 25 of the pipe 9 ,

If the second detonator 16 triggered, generates the ammunition thanks to the sheathing 14 an axial core. In this case, there is also ejection of splinters through the first shell 8a However, the speed of the splinters is lower than that of ammunition 1 in view of the substantially axial orientation of the shockwave.

The choice of one or the other detonator 7 or 16 is ensured by the device for ignition control, which is firmly connected to the launcher system or with the ammunition fuze.

These Selection is dependent from the properties of the detected threat. The splinter charge is against missiles effective, their shell she destroys. The nucleating charge has a penetrating effect against armored targets. It can be used to direct attack a target such as a vehicle or a missile with a reinforced warhead, counter.

If the transfer the ignition command it is of course possible to transfer from a Werfersystem on the ground by radio or optical means. In this case includes the ammunition a special electronic detonator, which is a receiver of the Werfersystem includes outgoing control commands.

Of the ammunition fuze can also be a programmable igniter, which is in the range of Werfersystems a programming of the triggering time as well as the desired Operating mode receives. These Programming can be done by contact or by induction. The detonator can now also include means for detecting the threat.

When Variant can the sheathing is given various forms that allow to combine the formation of a nucleus with that of the splinters. For that it is sufficient in the Area of an annular Edge zone of the sheathing embrittlement to install, with an axial zone ensures the formation of a core.

It can also be made a sheath that only splinters generated.

7 and 8th show an ammunition according to a third embodiment of the invention.

This form differs from the according to 1 in that a second detonator 22 near the first shell 8a is arranged.

This second detonator is by a wire 23 connected to the device for ignition control.

It may be the same as in the second embodiment ( 3 ) a common wire of the wires 12 and 23 or a single "bus" can be used for ignition control.

From the point of view of assembly is the second detonator 22 in a radial hole arranged in the explosive block 2 is executed, and the wire 23 fits into a longitudinal groove on the explosives block 2 is incorporated.

The wire 23 is thus between the explosive 2 and the first shell 8a , It is thus not necessary to machine this latter to assemble the second igniter 22 to ensure. There is thus no loss of injurious efficacy in the first shell.

The wire 23 also fits in a groove 24 one in the ground 25 of the pipe 9 is executed.

plug 26a . 26b (which are shown schematically dotted) can be inserted in the region of this groove to facilitate the assembly of the ammunition.

In fact, on the one hand, the assembly of the explosive charge is carried out, with its two detonators 7 and 22 and a first part of the with a plug 26a provided wire 23 equipped.

On the other hand, the assembly of the pipe is carried out, which is a second part of the plug 26b provided wire 23 receives.

The plugs are then connected before the charge enters the tube 9 is introduced.

It may also advantageously be a floor 25 be provided for the tube which is removable. So the electrical connection after insertion of the explosive charge in the pipe 9 facilitated.

The ammunition according to this third embodiment also has two modes of operation:
The already described mode splinter charge, which is achieved when the first detonator 7 is triggered.

a Charge mode with air pressure effect achieved when the second one fuze is triggered.

In fact, the second detonator is 22 essentially in the area of the splitter-producing first shell 8a arranged.

The shock wave that it generates travels in the charge along a substantially radial direction and towards the second shell 8b continued.

The splinters generated by the first shell now have a reduced speed. The second shell is not designed to produce injurious splinters. The only main effect achieved with this ammunition is thus an air pressure acting radially towards the second shell 8b is aligned, and in part through the first shell 8a is bundled.

This air pressure effect can be amplified by an explosive charge 2 is used, which includes aluminum powder.

The Operating mode air pressure action is used in particular to balance projectiles counter. The operating mode splitter is used to missiles or To counteract missiles.

9 and 10 Finally, show an ammunition according to a fourth embodiment, which differs from the preceding in that the ammunition three detonators 7 . 15 and 22 includes.

These Ammunition thus has three different modes of operation: Limited Splinter charge, charge with bundled Air pressure effect, nuclear generating charge.

The Selection of one or the other of these modes is by a control device (on the ground or fixed to the ammunition) dependent on determined by the threat, and the appropriate firing order is then on the Trajectory triggered.

Claims (10)

Explosive ammunition ( 1 ), which is an explosive charge ( 2 ), which are in a shell ( 3 ), which is an axis ( 4 ) encloses the ammunition, and at least comprises a first detonator for this charge, wherein the envelope ( 3 ) at least two sectors ( 3a . 3b ), whereby a first sector ( 3a ) Has means which ensure the formation of splinters when a first fuze ( 7 ), which is located near a second sector ( 3b ), this second sector being provided without means ensuring the formation of splinters, the ammunition being characterized in that the envelope comprises a sleeve consisting of at least two abutting shells ( 8a . 8b ) and with the explosive charge ( 2 ), the first sector ( 3a ) from a first ( 8a ) is formed of the two shells, which is made of a first material, which is intended to produce splinters, wherein the second sector ( 3b ) from a second ( 8b ) is formed of the two shells, which is made of a second material, which is of a different nature than that of the first material. Explosive ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the first sector ( 3a ) an angle of less than or equal to 180 ° about an axis ( 4 ) of ammunition. Explosive ammunition according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first material has a density of bigger or equals 7, while the second material has a density of less than or equal to 3. Explosive ammunition according to Claim 4, characterized that the first material is made of steel or tungsten, and the second material is selected from the following materials: plastic, Composite materials, aluminum. Explosive ammunition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for initiating at least one second detonator ( 15 ). Explosive ammunition according to claim 5, characterized in that the second igniter ( 15 ) near the first shell ( 8a ), the initiation of this second igniter ensuring the explosion of the charge with an air pressure effect. Explosive ammunition according to claim 5, characterized in that it has a concave sheath ( 14 ), which in the region of a first end of the shell ( 3 ) and at the explosive charge ( 2 ), the second igniter ( 15 ) near a second end of the envelope ( 3 ) is arranged. Explosive ammunition according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that it comprises at least three detonators ( 7 . 15 . 22 ), one ( 22 ) near the first shell ( 8a ), another ( 7 ) near the second shell ( 8b ) and another ( 15 ) near one end of the envelope ( 3 ) is arranged. Ammunition according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the detonators ( 7 . 15 . 22 ) are connected to a control means which allows the selection of one or the other igniter. Ammunition according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the explosive charge ( 2 ) through two levels ( 21a . 21b ) and through the first shell ( 8a ), the space being the second shell ( 8b ) and the two levels ( 21a . 21b ) separates from a wedging ( 20a . 20b ) and / or a securing and loading device is taken.