DE602004008682T2 - Process for conditioning and heat setting of textile products - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of conditioning and heat-setting textile products in an autoclave (21) is disclosed comprising: two or more thermal cycles (C1, C2), at least one of which comprising a transfer phase (16) of water present in the autoclave (21) to inside a recovery tank (22), a suction phase (10, 12) to put the autoclave (21) under vacuum, a water return phase (14, 15) from the recovery tank (22) to the autoclave (21), a heating phase (11, 13) of water contained in the autoclave (21) to generate saturated steam, a stay phase (35, 36) in the autoclave (21) for a predetermined time (tc, tp) of the reached conditions of temperature (t11, t13) and pressure (p11, p13), restoring in the autoclave (21) the ambient pressure (Pa) at the end of the last stay phases (36). Each phase of transfer (16) and return (14, 15) of said water occurs spontaneously by suction produced by the difference of pressure existing between autoclave (21) and recovery tank (22). <IMAGE>

Description

The The present invention relates to a method of conditioning and heat fixation of textile products, in particular yarns of natural fibers such as For example, wool or cotton or natural and synthetic mixed fibers.

The The invention further relates to a system for carrying out the conditioning and Hot fixing process.

It is known that wound on bobbins or rolls of yarn before their use in looms or in circular knitting machines to be treated to absorb a predetermined amount of moisture. It is one exact moisture content in the yarn required to his To be able to stabilize spin and a tearing when processing in looms or Prevent knitting machines. In addition, one allows exact dimensional stabilization of the yarn, the working speed in the machines increase.

Especially causes in synthetic blended yarns the high temperature at which the treatment was done will, a heat fixation the synthetic fiber. The treatment of the fiber also allows one Conditioning the product in the sense that this is a legal allowed maximum amount of water can absorb, depending on Of the fiber type varies because the yarns depending on a particular Moisture content can be sold at a fixed price. If that is the case Yarn is sold with a moisture content that is higher than is allowed, it is obvious that the customer is the product too an inflated price acquires. Conversely, if the yarn sells with a moisture content which is less than the allowable Salary is, the manufacturer has the damage, since he the customer one Yarn delivers, its weight higher is as the weight that is paid to him.

The Yarn treatment can be carried out in suitable rooms, where the yarn is over one relatively long Time remains, generally between 16 and 24 hours in one Room with constant humidity. Such a treatment process is now obsolete due to the required long period of time has been replaced with autoclave treatments with saturated steam, which has the advantage that these treatments are faster and ensure a repeatability of the treatment.

at one of these known techniques is wound on spools or conical sleeves Yarn introduced into an autoclave, where the coils or sleeves be placed on support structures. The treatment cycle sees one Air intake phase from the autoclave, followed by a heating phase, at the inside of the vacuum autoclave one certain amount of water is evaporated, which is located on the ground.

• – eine Saugphase, die durch die Linie 1 gekennzeichnet ist und während der gleichzeitig mit dem Druckabfall im Autoklaven vom Umgebungsdruck Pa bis zum Druck P1 aufgrund des endothermen Verdampfungsprozesses des Wassers im Autoklaven auch die Temperatur von dem Anfangswert Ti bis zum Endwert T1 sinkt;
• – eine Heizphase, die durch die Linie 2 dargestellt ist und während der aufgrund der Verdampfung des Wassers innerhalb des Autoklaven die Temperatur auf den Wert T2 und der Druck auf den Wert P2 ansteigen;
• – eine Haltephase bei der Temperatur T2 und dem Druck P2, die durch die Gerade 3 verdeutlicht ist und während der das Garn eine Feuchtigkeit aufnimmt, so dass die gewünschten Feuchtigkeitsbedingungen erreicht werden;
• – Rückkehr zum Umgebungsdruck im Autoklaven, gekennzeichnet durch die Linie 4, so dass der Autoklav und das Gut zu den Temperatur- und Druckwerten T2 und Pa zurückkehren;
• – Entnahme des behandelten Gutes im Punkt 5.

The 1 and 2 show the course of the temperature and the pressure within the autoclave during the treatment cycle according to this prior art, comprising:

• - a suction phase through the line 1 and during which, simultaneously with the pressure drop in the autoclave from the ambient pressure Pa to the pressure P1, the temperature also decreases from the initial value Ti to the final value T1 due to the endothermic evaporation process of the water in the autoclave;
• - a heating phase through the line 2 and during which the temperature rises to the value T2 and the pressure to the value P2 due to the evaporation of the water within the autoclave;
• A holding phase at the temperature T2 and the pressure P2 passing through the straight line 3 is clarified and during which the yarn absorbs moisture, so that the desired humidity conditions are achieved;
• - Return to ambient pressure in the autoclave, indicated by the line 4 so that the autoclave and the product return to the temperature and pressure values T2 and Pa;
• - Taking the treated good at a point 5 ,

• – ein Zeitintervall t1 für die Saugphase, um im Autoklav den Unterdruck zu erzeugen (Geraden 1);
• – ein Zeitintervall t2 zum Aufheizen des Autoklaven und zur Herstellung des Sattdampfes (Geraden 2);
• – ein Zeitintervall t3, während dessen das Garn die im Autoklaven vorhandene Feuchtigkeit aufnimmt (Geraden 3);
• – ein Zeitintervall t4 für die Rückkehr des Autoklaven zu den anfänglichen Druckbedingungen (Linien 4).

The treatment time t varies with the requirements of the user and includes:

• - A time interval t1 for the suction phase to produce the vacuum in the autoclave (straight line 1 );
• - A time interval t2 for heating the autoclave and for producing the saturated steam (straight line 2 );
• A time interval t3 during which the yarn absorbs the moisture present in the autoclave (lines 3 );
• A time interval t4 for the return of the autoclave to the initial pressure conditions (lines 4 ).

The described thermal cycles are for all known treatments essentially the same and done in an autoclave, which is the advantage has that Treatments much faster than previously explained Treatments are.

However, there are also some drawbacks, the main drawback being that it is almost impossible to condition the yarn homogeneously to achieve the same moisture conditions both outside and in the middle of the coil or sleeve. In fact he For example, after the treatment, there is a distribution of moisture in the yarn gradually decreasing in the spool from outside to inside, since there is great difficulty that the steam will get to the yarn and condense to the innermost areas near the spool or sleeve on which the yarn is wound to replace the air.

There are also known modified thermal cycles in which the cycle described is followed by another similar cycle which is described in US Pat 1 and 2 With 6 is designated and which allows to achieve a more uniform distribution of moisture from the inside out in the yarn. These modified thermal cycles improve the uniform distribution of moisture without, however, achieving perfect homogeneity. Indeed, even with a double treatment cycle, it is not possible to replace in the innermost and coldest zones of the coil all the air present there by the moisture that results in the condensation of the saturated steam.

It is also known a treatment method for conditioning and heat-fixing of textile products as well as a suitable apparatus for performing this method, which in the international patent application with the publication number WO 98/21390 and the corresponding one U.S. Patent 6,094,840 are described. The process described there is an improvement on the previously described methods, since after each treatment cycle the hot water is removed from the autoclave and collected in a receiver so that it can be reused in a subsequent cycle, taking advantage of the amount of heat contained therein. However, this method has some known disadvantages, the first of which is that after each evaporation cycle from the environment air is introduced, which thus penetrates again into the material to be treated. It is obvious that the proportion of air introduced into the product "dilutes" the vapor present in the product and that the same conditions result in each following cycle, so that an increase in the number of subsequent cycles for the treatment is no longer efficient must be used for the discharge of hot water from the autoclave into the collection tank and vice versa pumps.

Of the present invention is based on the object mentioned To avoid disadvantages.

So In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a method and a facility for conditioning and heat setting of textile products to disposal to make that compared to the known treatment methods to a more homogeneous distribution of moisture between inside and Outside of the good.

Especially in the case of on spools or sleeves Wrapped yarn should have a more homogeneous moisture distribution between achieved inside and out become.

A Another object is that the method and the system according to the invention compared to the known methods and equipment, the same Provide number of treatment cycles, in the treated good one lower air concentration and better moisture distribution is produced.

Not Finally, the method and the system according to the invention should also have a shorter treatment time enable.

• – Einsetzen des zu behandelnden Garns in den Autoklaven;
• – Schließen des Autoklaven;
• – Durchführung von zwei oder mehr thermischen Zyklen, von denen wenigstens einer aus der nachstehenden Schrittfolge besteht:
• – eine Phase zum Überleiten des Wassers aus dem Autoklaven in einen Auffangbehälter;
• – eine Saugphase, um in dem Autoklaven einen Unterdruck zu erzeugen;
• – eine Phase zur Rückführung des Wassers aus dem Auffangbehälter in den Autoklaven;
• – eine Phase zum Erhitzen des Wassers in dem Autoklaven für die Erzeugung von Sattdampf;
• – eine Haltephase in dem Autoklaven für eine bestimmte Zeit, bei der die Temperatur- und Druckbedingungen konstant gehalten werden, welche am Ende jeder Heizphase erreicht wurden;
• – Wiederherstellung des Umgebungsdrucks im Autoklaven am Ende der letzten Haltephase;
• – Öffnen des Autoklaven,
• – Entnahme des behandelten Gutes aus dem Autoklaven,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Überleitungsphase für das Wasser aus dem Autoklaven in den Auffangbehälter und jede Rückführphase des Wassers aus dem Auffangbehälter in den Autoklaven spontan erfolgt durch den Unterdruck, der sich aus der Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Autoklaven und dem Auffangbehälter ergibt.Said objects are achieved by a treatment process for conditioning and heat setting of textile products in the autoclave and in particular of wound on bobbins or sleeves yarns, which comprises according to the main claim the following steps:

• - placing the yarn to be treated in the autoclave;
• - closing the autoclave;
• - carrying out two or more thermal cycles, at least one of which consists of the following sequence of steps:
• - A phase for passing the water from the autoclave into a collecting container;
• A suction phase to create a vacuum in the autoclave;
• A phase for returning the water from the receiver to the autoclave;
• A phase for heating the water in the autoclave for the production of saturated steam;
• A holding phase in the autoclave for a certain time, during which the temperature and pressure conditions, which have been reached at the end of each heating phase, are kept constant;
• - Restoration of the ambient pressure in the autoclave at the end of the last holding phase;
• - opening the autoclave,
• Removal of the treated material from the autoclave,

characterized in that each transfer phase for the water from the autoclave into the collecting container and each return phase of the water from the collecting container into the autoclave is spontaneous by the negative pressure resulting from the pressure difference between the autoclave and the collecting container.

During the said phases for the transfer and the return of the water, there is no connection between the interior of the autoclave and the ambient air, so that in the autoclave an atmosphere with saturated vapor at ei at a pressure lower than the ambient pressure.

The Method and system according to the invention advantageously allow it inside the coil or sleeve bigger amount of saturated steam and thus to bring in moisture, which in it air is almost complete replaced.

It is also advantageous that also the moisture distribution is much more homogeneous.

One Another advantage is that the treatment time of the process lower according to the invention as in the known methods, so that the cycles faster and Expire at a lower cost.

The mentioned goals and advantages of the invention will become apparent the following description of a preferred embodiment of the Method and apparatus for carrying out this method according to the invention, which in non-limiting Way are shown in the drawing. Show it:

1 and 2 a thermal treatment cycle according to the prior art,

3 and 4 a treatment cycle according to the invention,

5 to 7 a plant for carrying out the treatment process according to the invention in different phases of operation.

• – ein Autoklav 21,
• – einen Wasserauffangbehälter 22,
• – eine Vakuumpumpe 23.

The treatment method according to the invention is based on the temperature-pressure diagrams of 3 and 4 explained and in a total with 20 designated plant carried out in the 5 and 6 is shown. This includes:

• - an autoclave 21 .
• - a water collector 22 .
• - a vacuum pump 23 ,

The Method and system according to the invention are described below using the example of the treatment of yarns. However, the same procedure and the equipment may also be used for the treatment used by other textile products.

In the treatment process, the bobbins or tubes with the yarn to be treated are placed in the autoclave 21 placed on suitable support structures allowing free circulation of vapor between the coils.

It is convenient, but not essential that two thermal cycles are provided in the 3 and 4 denoted by C1 and C2. There it can be seen that every cycle is a suction phase 10 . 12 includes to in the autoclave 21 to create a negative pressure, followed by a heating phase 11 . 13 for the water contained in the autoclave to produce saturated steam.

At the end of each heating phase there is a holding phase 35 . 36 over a time tc, tp, to keep the conditions reached with respect to temperature, humidity and pressure constant. This will be the end of the holding phase 36 of the second cycle C2 prior to removal of the treated yarn in the autoclave 21 the ambient pressure Pa restored.

• – eine Saugphase 10, um in dem Autoklaven 21 ohne darin befindliches Wasser ein Vakuum zu erzeugen,
• – eine Einfüllphase 14 für das Wasser in den Autoklaven 21,
• – eine Heizphase 11 zum Erhitzen des Wassers im Autoklaven 21, wodurch Sattdampf erzeugt wird,
• – eine Haltephase 35, während der die erreichten Bedingungen hinsichtlich Temperatur und Druck konstant gehalten werden.

The first thermal cycle C1 consists in detail of the following phases in the order given:

• - a suction phase 10 to get into the autoclave 21 without creating a vacuum in the water,
• - a filling phase 14 for the water in the autoclave 21 .
• - a heating phase 11 for heating the water in an autoclave 21 , which produces saturated steam,
• - a holding phase 35 while maintaining the conditions reached in terms of temperature and pressure constant.

• – eine Überleitungsphase 16 für die Überführung des Wassers aus dem Autoklaven 21 in einen Auffangbehälter 22,
• – eine Saugphase 12, um in dem Autoklaven 21 Unterdruck zu erzeugen,
• – eine Rückführphase 15 für das Wasser aus dem Auffangbehälter 22 in den Autoklaven 21,
• – eine Heizphase 13 zum Erhitzen des Wassers im Autoklaven 21, wodurch der Sattdampf erzeugt wird,
• – eine Haltephase 36, während der die erzielten Bedingungen hinsichtlich Temperatur und Druck aufrecht erhalten werden.

The second thermal cycle C2 has the following phases in the order given:

• - a transition phase 16 for the transfer of water from the autoclave 21 in a collection container 22 .
• - a suction phase 12 to get into the autoclave 21 Create negative pressure
• - a return phase 15 for the water from the collection container 22 in the autoclave 21 .
• - a heating phase 13 for heating the water in an autoclave 21 , whereby the saturated steam is generated,
• - a holding phase 36 while maintaining the temperature and pressure conditions achieved.

According to the invention, each transition phase runs 16 for the water from the autoclave 21 in the collection container 22 and every return phase 14 . 15 for the water from the collection container 22 in the autoclave 21 spontaneously due to the suction caused by the pressure difference between the autoclave 21 and the collection container 22 is produced.

Also according to the invention is the interior of the autoclave 21 during the transition phase 16 and the return phase 14 not in connection with the outside air, so that in the interior space sets a saturated steam atmosphere whose pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure.

From the temperature-pressure diagrams of 3 and 4 it can be seen that the second cycle C2 after a predetermined time tc of the holding phase 35 of the first cycle C1 begins, during which the values of the temperature T11 and the pressure P11 at the end of the heating phase 11 have been achieved, remain constant.

Furthermore, results from the temperature-pressure diagrams of 3 and 4 in that the temperature is T10 at the end of the suction phase 10 of the first cycle C1 in an autoclave 21 is lower than the initial temperature Ti and also as the temperature T12, which is at the end of the suction phase 12 of the second cycle C2 has been reached.

The pressure P10, which is autoclave 21 C1 at the end of the suction phase of the first cycle is greater than the pressure P12 at the end of the suction phase 12 of the second cycle C2, both pressures being less than the ambient pressure Pa.

With regard to the heating phases, it should be noted that the temperature T11 within the autoclave 21 at the end of the heating phase 11 of the first cycle C1 is lower than the temperature T13 at the end of the heating phase 13 of the second cycle is C2.

Finally, the pressure P11 is in the autoclave 21 at the end of the heating phase of the first cycle C1 higher than the pressure P13 at the end of the heating phase 13 the second cycle C2; in any case, both pressures are lower than the ambient pressure Pa.

It is obvious that the values for temperature and pressure in the autoclave 21 depend on the yarn to be treated and on the final properties to be imparted to the yarn.

Also dependent on the type of yarn to be treated and the final properties, which are to be generated in this, the times t10, t14, t16, t12, t15, t13, tc, tp for the duration of the corresponding, previously explained treatment phases chosen.

It can be seen that the duration t10 of the suction phase 10 in the first cycle C1 longer than the duration t12 of the suction phase 12 in the second cycle is C2. It can also be seen that the duration t11 of the heating phase 11 of the first cycle C1 greater than the duration t13 of the heating phase 13 in the second cycle is C2.

• – einen Autoklaven 21,
• – einen Wasserauffangbehälter 22,
• – eine Vakuumpumpe 23, die vorzugsweise, jedoch nicht unbedingt eine Flüssigkeitsringpumpe ist.

The method according to the invention, based on the temperature-pressure cycles of 3 and 4 is shown in the aforementioned attachment 20 performed in the 5 to 7 is shown and comprises:

• - an autoclave 21 .
• - a water collector 22 .
• - a vacuum pump 23 which is preferably, but not necessarily, a liquid ring pump.

The autoclave 21 , the container 22 and the pump 23 are connected to each other via lines, are used in the check valves.

That's the autoclave 21 with the water collector 22 via a water supply pipe 24 with a shut-off valve 24a and a water return line 28 with a shut-off valve 28a connected. It can be seen that both the supply line 24 as well as the return line 28 with the autoclave 21 in the area of a hydraulic contactor 21a which is arranged at the bottom and serves to a flow of water from the container 22 in the autoclave 21 to ensure without air enters the autoclave. The hydraulic contactor 21a is of a type known per se and consists essentially of a conduit which is filled with water, which acts as a barrier against the ingress of air during the flow of water from the container 22 in the autoclave 21 acts.

In this context, it can also be seen that the return line 28 to the bottom of the container 22 connected to largely the entry of air into the autoclave 21 during the transfer of water into the container 22 to avoid while the supply line 24 For the water supply from the autoclave to the container 22 serves, is connected to the upper portion of the container.

Both the autoclave 21 as well as the container 22 are with the vacuum pump 23 via a first suction line 25 with an associated valve 25a or via a second suction line 26 with a corresponding valve 26a connected. Finally, there is an auxiliary suction line 27 with an associated valve 27a provided, which is the first suction line 25 with the container 22 combines.

Inside the autoclave 21 not shown heat exchange elements are provided which serve to heat the water for the production of saturated steam.

The intended for the treatment yarn is in the autoclave 21 used, in which there is no water. The possibly existing water is supplied via the supply line 24 in the container 22 in which there is already water A, which is in 5 is indicated.

The yarn is thus within the autoclave 21 at an in 3 indicated initial temperature Ti and an atmospheric pressure Pa, which in 4 is drawn, both the starting point of the suction phase 10 of the first thermal cycle C1.

After the valves 24a . 28a . 26a and 27a are closed in the autoclave 21 a negative pressure via the vacuum pump 23 generated by the first suction line 25 Air sucks after the check valve 25a was opened. During this suction phase, the temperature and pressure reach in the autoclave 21 the values T10 and P10, wherein the temperature T10 is lower than the initial temperature Ti.

The Steam expansion occurs with the adiabatic cooling due to the phase transition.

At the end of the suction phase 10 and after closing the valve 25a becomes the check valve 28a the water return line 28 opened so that according to 6 a part Aa of the water A from the container 22 spontaneously in the autoclave 21 flows where it is sucked in by the prevailing negative pressure.

It can be seen that the transfer of water from the container 22 in the autoclave 21 spontaneously due to the suction effect and without the use of pumps.

During the recycling phase of the water from the container 22 in the autoclave 21 becomes the container 22 brought into contact with the ambient air while inside the autoclave 21 Furthermore, the saturated steam atmosphere prevails, which is generated by the negative pressure therein.

In effect, cause the hydraulic contactor 21a and the fact that the removal of the water from the container 22 takes place at its lowest position that no air enters the autoclave.

On this way it is achieved that the treated good does not give off any moisture it previously absorbed has, in contrast to the known system, in the above-explained Patent is described.

The introduction phase 14 for water has a time t14 and occurs with an increase in pressure and temperature inside the autoclave 21 due to the evaporation of the water content Aa.

The supply of water to the autoclave is in the points 30 the diagrams of 3 and 4 finished what the situation of the plant 20 corresponds to that in 6 is shown.

Then the heating phase begins 11 of the autoclave 21 for which the already mentioned heating elements are provided, which may for example be heat exchanger coils or other known systems.

The heating phase extends over the time t11 until the temperature and pressure conditions of the points T11 and P11 in the 3 and 4 are reached.

During the Heating phase, there is another pressure increase in the autoclave one caused by the saturated steam inside the autoclave.

The Conditions for the temperature T11 and the pressure P11 are maintained over a period tc received, so that the Saturated steam enters the yarn and in the innermost areas of the Coil can condense, where he replaces the air there.

There execution only the first cycle C1 is insufficient to exhaust all the air to displace the yarn, includes a second cycle C2 analogous to the first.

This is again a transition phase for the water from the autoclave 21 in the collection container 22 performed, which is evident from the diagrams of the 3 and 4 shows where this transition phase with 16 is designated. This transfer takes place via the supply line 24 after the valve 24a was opened so that the container 22 via the second suction line 26 after opening the valve 26a according to 7 is placed in a negative pressure state. In this way it turns into the container 22 a pressure less than the pressure in the autoclave 21 is and still in the autoclave water in the container 22 transferred. It can be seen that even in this transition phase for the water from the autoclave 21 in the container 22 no pumps are necessary, which are required in the known systems.

This results in the yarn same conditions of 5 , wherein all the water A in the container 22 is.

As As can be seen from the diagrams, the pressure falls in this phase in the autoclave, and the temperature drops.

At the end of the phase of water drainage from the autoclave 21 according to point 31 in the diagrams follows the beginning of the suction phase 12 inside the autoclave 21 What happens after closing the valve 24a and opening the valve 25a through the first suction line 25 expires. At the end of this suction phase se 12 stand in the autoclave 21 the temperature and pressure conditions T12 and P12 with an increase of the negative pressure in the autoclave relative to the vacuum at the end of the suction phase 10 of the first thermal cycle C1 has been reached.

After that will be in the return phase 15 water again in the autoclave 21 filled, which in the same way as in the corresponding phase 14 of the first thermal cycle C1, ie by negative pressure via the return line 28 after the check valve 28a opened and the valve 25a were closed.

In the plant thus turns into the 6 shown situation, according to the passage of the water after the time t15 with reaching the point 32 finished.

Further heating of the water in the autoclave takes place over a period t13 corresponding to the phase shown in the figures 13 so that the temperature and pressure conditions T13 and P13 are achieved. This is followed by a long holding phase in which the values achieved for the temperature and the pressure are kept constant over a period tp. During this time tp, the saturated steam re-enters the coil, causing condensation in the inner areas, which are coldest, to effect a "washing operation" during which the condensate displaces the remaining air molecules.

On this way one essentially achieves a complete suppression of remaining air and thus a moistening of the innermost area the coil with moisture levels equal to those in the outer areas are.

By a combination of the two thermal cycles C1 and C2 becomes one much more even distribution the moisture between the inner and the outer region of the coil achieved.

At the end of time tp within the autoclave 21 the atmospheric pressure is restored and the temperature and pressure conditions become the end point 33 the diagrams reached so that the treated yarn is removed.

From the description of the method and the system according to the invention, it follows that all the objectives set have been achieved. In particular, the spontaneous transfer of water by suction from the autoclave 21 in the container 22 and vice versa makes the use of pumps superfluous. Furthermore, allow the hydraulic contactor 21a in the autoclave 21 and the connection of the return line 28 at the bottom of the container 22 to pass the water without at the same time air flows into the autoclave, so that no moisture loss occurs in the treated material and the cycle time is shortened.

Of course, vary the achieved temperature values in the individual treatment phases and the duration of these phases depending on the type of yarn and the Degree of heat fixation, which is to be reached on the yarn.

Also can made amendments to the annex; For example, the vacuum pump of any type be and you can several autoclaves and several water collecting containers are provided.

The mentioned Variants of the process and the plant are determined by the scope of the claims covered.

Claims (15)

Process for conditioning and heat-setting textile products in autoclave ( 21 ), in particular of yarns wound on bobbins or tubes, comprising the following steps: - introducing the product to be treated into the autoclave ( 21 ); - closing the autoclave ( 21 ), - carrying out two or more thermal cycles (C1, C2), of which at least one successively comprises the following phases: - a phase for the transfer ( 16 ) of the autoclave ( 21 ) contained in a collecting container ( 22 ), - a suction phase ( 10 . 12 ) for generating a negative pressure in the autoclave ( 21 ), - a return phase ( 14 . 15 ) for the water from the collecting container ( 22 ) in the autoclave ( 21 ), - a heating phase ( 11 . 13 ) for heating the water in an autoclave ( 21 ) for the production of saturated steam, - a holding phase ( 35 . 36 ) to maintain at the end of each heating phase ( 11 . 13 ) conditions in terms of temperature (T11, T13) and pressure (P11, P13) in the autoclave ( 21 ) over a predetermined time (tc, tp), - restoration of the ambient pressure in the autoclave ( 21 ) at the end of the last holding phase ( 36 ), - opening the autoclave ( 21 ), - removal of the treated product from the autoclave ( 21 ), characterized in that each of the phases of transfer ( 16 ) of the autoclave ( 21 ) contained in the collecting container ( 22 ) and the return ( 14 . 15 ) of the water from the collecting container ( 22 ) in the autoclave ( 21 ) takes place spontaneously due to a suction caused by the pressure difference between the autoclave ( 21 ) and the collecting container ( 22 ) is produced. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that during the transfer phases ( 16 ) and the return phases ( 14 . 15 ) the interior of the autoclave ( 21 ) is not communicating with the outside air and that within the autoclave ( 21 ) there is an atmosphere of saturated vapor at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two thermal cycles (C1, C2) are provided, each of which has the following steps in succession: - a phase of the transfer ( 16 ) of the water from the autoclave ( 21 ) in the collecting container ( 22 ), - a suction phase ( 10 . 12 ) for generating a negative pressure in the autoclave ( 21 ), - a phase ( 14 . 15 ) for filling the water from the collecting container ( 22 ) in the autoclave ( 21 ), - a heating phase ( 11 . 13 ) for heating the water in the autoclave ( 21 ) for the production of saturated steam, - a holding phase ( 35 . 36 ) for a predetermined time (tc, tp) to maintain at the end of each heating phase ( 11 . 13 ) conditions with respect to the temperature (T11, T13) and the pressure (P11, P13) in the autoclave ( 21 ). Process according to claim 2, characterized in that the autoclave ( 21 ) at the end of the suction phase ( 10 ) of the first cycle (C1) of the two cycles (C1, C2) reached temperature (T10) is lower than the temperature (T12), which at the end of the suction phase ( 12 ) of the second cycle (C2). Process according to claim 2, characterized in that the autoclave ( 21 ) at the end of the suction phase ( 10 ) of the first cycle (C1) of the two cycles (C1, C2) is higher (P10) than the pressure (P12) at the end of the suction phase (P10) 12 ) of the second cycle (C2). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the in the autoclave ( 21 ) at the end of the heating phase ( 11 ) of the first cycle (C1) of the two cycles (C1, C2) reached temperature (T11) is less than the temperature (T13), which at the end of the heating phase ( 13 ) of the second cycle (C2). Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the in the autoclave ( 21 ) pressure (P11) at the end of the heating phase of the first cycle (C1) of the two cycles (C1, C2) is higher than the pressure (P13) which at the end of the heating phase ( 13 ) of the second cycle (C2). Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the time duration (t10) of the suction phase ( 10 ) of the first cycle (C1) of the two cycles (C1, C2) is greater than the duration (t12) of the suction phase ( 12 ) of the second cycle (C2). Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the duration (t11) of the heating phase ( 11 ) of the first cycle (C1) of the two cycles (C1, C2) is greater than the duration (t13) of the heating phase ( 13 ) of the second cycle (C2). Investment ( 20 ) for carrying out the treatment process according to claim 1, comprising: - an autoclave ( 21 ) for receiving the yarn to be treated, - a water collecting container ( 22 ), hydraulically with the autoclave ( 21 ), - a vacuum pump ( 23 ), characterized in that the vacuum pump ( 23 ) to the upper part of the autoclave ( 21 ) via a first suction line ( 25 ) with a check valve ( 25a ) and to the upper area of the water collecting container ( 22 ) via a second suction line ( 26 ) with a check valve ( 26a ) connected. Investment ( 20 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the first suction line ( 25 ) with the upper portion of the water collecting container ( 22 ) via an auxiliary suction line ( 27 ) connected is. Investment ( 20 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the vacuum pump ( 23 ) is a liquid ring pump. Investment ( 20 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the autoclave ( 21 ) with the water collecting container ( 22 ) is hydraulically connected by: - a water supply line ( 24 ) equipped with a check valve ( 24a ), and - a water return line ( 28 ) equipped with a check valve ( 28a ) is equipped. Investment ( 20 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the water supply line ( 24 ) the bottom of the autoclave ( 21 ) with the upper portion of the water collecting container ( 22 ) and that the water return line ( 28 ) the bottom of the water collecting container ( 23 ) with the bottom of the autoclave ( 21 ) connects. Investment ( 20 ) according to claim 14, characterized in that the water supply line ( 24 ) and the water return line ( 28 ) both with the bottom of the autoclave ( 21 ) via a in the autoclave ( 21 ) arranged hydraulic contactor ( 21a ) are connected.