DE4444439A1 - Solar-energy installation and mounting element therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates, on the one hand, to a solar-energy installation having sheet-like parts, in particular solar collectors (6), such as photovoltaic modules and/or hot-water collectors, arranged on the saddleback roof (2) of a house (1), the sheet-like parts (6) being arranged on both sides (9, 10) of the roof ridge (7) and being connected to one another beyond said roof ridge, with the result that the forces pulling them down the slope are approximately in static equilibrium in the region of the roof ridge (7); and, on the other hand, to a mounting element for sheet-like parts of solar-energy installations, in particular for solar collectors (6), such as photovoltaic modules and/or hot-water collectors, comprising a planar frame with a receiving opening, corresponding approximately to the circumference of a sheet-like solar element (6), and with devices for fastening on adjacent mounting elements or on connecting elements fitted in between these, the mounting element being specially designed in order to permit rapid and inexpensive mounting of solar collectors (6) on house roofs, masonry walls, soundproofing walls, etc. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a solar energy system flat, arranged on the gable roof of a house Components, especially solar panels like Photovol taik modules and / or hot water collectors, as well as on a Mounting element for the flat components of such a gen solar energy system to an inexpensive installation enable.

For years there has been an intensification of the use of solar energy is discussed in order to meet the requirements despite increasing energy requirements Reduce consumption of fossil fuels. The The advantages of such a procedure are on the one hand Saving valuable raw materials, on the other hand in a re Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, which reduces the negative The greenhouse effect is counteracted.

However, these undeniable advantages are also clear Disadvantages compared to: The investment costs for solar Energy systems are currently still relatively high, so that Solar energy with the price of electricity from fossil energy carriers and / or cannot compete for nuclear power. This is u. a. because of the limited beam large areas are required, in order to achieve the same output as conventional power plants produce. Because here large areas of our densely populated The country would be deprived of further use is the construction central solar power plants also from environmental policy Reasons not to endorse.

The much larger and more promising market for Sola Renewable energy systems lie in private use in particular on house roofs, since no additional space is required  a large part of the investment on costs are eliminated. In addition, the current is direct ter proximity of the consumer generated, so no transport losses occur.

To these currently almost completely fallow Using resources is now private sun in Bavaria, for example generators have been given the opportunity to Electricity at a cost-covering price in the public To feed the grid. It can be expected that from all for the reasons mentioned, solar energy in one will be used to a much greater extent. It should be done see that by further reducing investment cost the practical implementation of solar energy systems could be accelerated in the private sector.

In reducing the investment cost of solar energy so far, the focus has mainly been on a reduction in the cost of the solar panels themselves directed. However, it should not be overlooked that ge rade when mounting solar panels on Hausdä a significant proportion of the investment costs the fastening devices as well as on the work of the In installers is to be used.

It is common nowadays to have a large number of Fixing bolts on the beams of a roof structure these bolts above the roof tiles through rails to connect with each other and the actual on the rails to arrange solar collectors. This attachment technology has the serious disadvantage that initially a Variety of roof tiles removed and after installing the Fastening bolt must be replaced. It must special roof tiles in the area of the fastening bolts  used or gaps left, and moreover is a seal is necessary, so that this work very time are complex and therefore costly.

Known from these disadvantages from the prior art ter solar energy systems this results in the invention basic problem, an arrangement for fastening To create solar panels on house roofs that one on the one hand is inexpensive and on the other hand with as little as possible Workload especially on tiled roofs can be installed.

This problem is solved with a generic essen solar energy system in that its solar panels or other flat parts on both sides of the roof Firsts arranged and over them ver are bound, so that the downhill forces in the area of Roof ridge are about in static equilibrium. At a such an arrangement compensate for each other in the area of Roof ridge occurring horizontal components of the hangab driving forces of those placed on the two sloping ceilings Solar elements so that the resulting force component approximately vertically downwards and consequently an ab the connected solar components do not slip fear. Since the solar components in the area of Roof ridges are basically not further fastenings necessary to ensure a stable arrangement to accomplish. Nevertheless, the solar components can work on some Points on the roof structure of the house to be set at high winds and / or gusts to lift the solar compo exclude from the roof of the house. This attachment however, agents can generally run weaker than with previous constructions, where on them the entire weight of the solar components was constantly under load.  

In a further development of this arrangement it is provided that two roof surfaces are arranged solar panels. These Embodiment is particularly suitable for roofs whose First runs in a north-south direction, so that a roof area facing east and the other facing west. In this case is from the solar panel facing east gates the morning sun exposure while the afternoon energy exposure from the west inclined solar panels is collected. But also with Houses with a ridge in the east-west direction can do this Arrangement can be used as this is where the collectors the south side with high efficiency throughout the day work while also the collectors on the north side due to the diffuse, atmospheric light scatter work with an efficiency of about 30-40%.

Especially for roofs with an east-west direction trending roof ridge has proven to be favorable that on the south side of the roof solar panels and on the North side counterweights are arranged. If all Son be collectors with the highest possible efficiency should be driven, it is favorable to do the same as possible all to be arranged on the south side of the roof, so that on the North side counterweights are necessary to the hangab to compensate for the driving force of the solar panels.

It is possible that energy as counterweights memories such as accumulators, high-capacity capacitors and / or hydrogen tanks can be used. Especially There are several different types of photovoltaic modules Possibilities to feed the electrical energy gained chern. On the one hand, there are accumulators and recently used capacitors higher in their place  Capacity, but also an electrolysis of Water with subsequent storage of the ge recovered hydrogen. In the sense of the invention, it is without further possible to use flat accumulators or a variety of high-capacitance capacitors into one to combine flat arrangement or hydrogen tanks to use a flat shape and this on the north side of the house roof as counterweights. In particular the arrangement of hydrogen tanks outside the House increases the security of the solar energy system, because in In the event of a leak in a hydrogen tank, the relevant one Gas immediately escapes into the atmosphere and consequently no highly concentrated oxyhydrogen gas inside the house can collect, so that an explosion risk effectively pre is bowed.

On the other hand, it is also possible that as counterweights Heat exchangers used between a primary ren, via hot water collectors arranged on the roof closed circuit and a secondary circuit are tet, the ge arranged in the house heating elements is closed. While running for the outside of the roof the liquid circuit is a frost-proof liquid must be used is such a precaution for the secondary heat cycle within the house necessary. In many cases, therefore, is the liquid circuit of the hot water collectors compared to the actual chen radiators via an intermediate heat exchanger shear isolated. To the required heat exchanger not to have to be accommodated in an attic, because of that Any further use that is lost can result in this Purpose used heat exchanger - to the outside air thermally insulated - on the north side of the house roof in  installed and at the same time as a counterweight for the warm water collectors can be used on the south side.

It is within the scope of the invention that on the roof ordered, flat components to one another flat unit are connected. This creates an in stable construction, the total of only a few Places must be anchored without the need for increased wind dizziness damage is to be feared.

This embodiment therefore allows such a further education that the flat unit in the area of its lower Edges connected to the roof truss. Because the flat Unity, so to speak, like a saddle on the roof similar to that arranged in the lower area of a saddle Fastening strap anchoring the lower edges of the flat unit completely sufficient to do this on the roof fix immovably and before an undesirable move protect from wind gusts. Granted at the same time such a flat construction an additional Stop for the roof tiles underneath, so that too they are better protected against the effects of wind.

An additional anchoring option is that the flat unit is connected to the ridge beam. At this central area of the flat unit can be a additional anchoring may be provided for stability to increase the order further.

It is within the scope of the invention that the flat parts are fastened in / on assembly elements which form the flat unit are interconnectable. Almost all Solar panels have a metallic frame on; however, this should not be pierced to the  Do not expose solar cells to the risk of damage Zen. In addition, the module's own metal frames have none very high stability and could with changing stress cracks due to storms and the like or even break. These disadvantages are avoided by the solar panels in / on stable mounting elements are determined, which are fixed to each other and thereby on the other hand, a modular structure of the flat unit arbor, on the other hand a highly connected manure-strong supporting structure for the So attached lar components result.

To complete the flat support structure looks the invention elements with which a connection of the flat solar components and / or the receiving them Mounting elements over the ridge is possible. It can be bracket or shell-like elements act which the ridge tiles as far apart as possible cover to ho the same from damage as a result to maintain pressure. These fasteners should also an adaptation to different nei allow angle of inclination of the roof.

The invention further provides a solution to the problem Mounting element for flat components from Solarener gieanlagen, especially for solar panels, before from a flat frame with a roughly the circumference of one flat solar component corresponding receiving opening as well as devices for attachment to neighboring Assembly elements or on inserted between them Fasteners. By Mon most of the day elements of the solar panels rectangular perimeter, it ensures that two Assembly elements arranged side by side in the same plane  always have a common contact edge so that the assembly elements according to the invention via corresponding Fasteners among themselves into a single, in itself stable surface can be connected. As a result of thus formed, truss-like construction for a plurality of solar panels do not have to be each Mounting element itself, for example, on the roof structure of a house be anchored. Rather, it is sufficient if - via the ge Entire area of the interconnected assembly elements distributed - about four to eight attachment points with the Roof structure can be provided if, for example, the roof of a Single-family house area with solar panel should be documented. Due to their modular structure individual mounting elements can be a support structure according to the invention extremely flexible to the specific number of used solar panels, the shape and area of the House roof as well as specific circumstances such as chimney stones and / or roof windows can be adjusted. The he Accordingly, invention creates an extremely inexpensive holding con construction for solar panels, which moreover with minimal Workload can be installed on house roofs.

For the advantageous development of the invention are Verbin tion elements with a curved and / or curved Ver suitable for connecting adjacent assembly serve elements with mutually inclined basic planes. In many applications, it is necessary to use two each other opposing sloping surfaces of a saddle or hip to cover the roof with solar panels, especially if the roof ridge runs approximately in a north-south direction and therefore one sloping roof to the east and the other to the west shows, so that about half of the solar panels Sunshine in the morning and the other half Can collect radiation in the afternoon. In such  Use cases, it is favorable if the top one Ver assembly elements over the ridge together can be bound. Because this makes it possible for everyone mechanical solar panels on both roof halves to connect with each other, so that the number of befe points reduced by half. As a result of Angle in the area of the roof ridge can be there mutually coupled mounting elements do not depend on the roof ben, even if there are no attachment points in this area are provided. It is therefore sufficient to hold the entire stop construction in the area of their two lower edges on the roof anchor chair.

The invention achieves further advantages in that the Radius of curvature of a connecting element is greater than the radius of standard roof ridge tiles. This way he is particularly apparent in a connecting element rigid material freely surrounding the ridge tile Construction, so that on the one hand this brick is spared and on the other hand a cavity is created which leads to the through Management of electrical cables and / or liquid hoses can be used. Here, for example, a busbar be laid to which the connecting wires of the individual Son nominal collectors are connected in parallel. Could also in in this area, a collector pipe is laid to which something similar Lich like radiators with separate, verti kale ribs and horizontal horizontal inlet pipe Output connections from hot water collectors connected are. In the present case, however, would be in the area of the roof ridge not the inlet pipe, but the outlet pipe, as the water heated in the collectors rises. In the space between ridge tiles and inventions Inventional, curved fastener are the ent speaking busbars or pipes before weather  rivers protected; especially hot water collecting pipes are additionally still largely turned on in the cavity closed air volume thermally insulated.

It is within the scope of the invention that the Verbindungsele elements with a curved and / or curved course to the their axis of curvature parallel sides connecting tabs or have protrusions that are related to the crumb mung axis extend approximately radially outwards. Such La can, for example, on the top of an inventive ß assembly element are screwed so that the zu assembly is easier for geometrical reasons than for an attachment of the curved area itself to the um front side of a coupled mounting element, where a Screw connection is relatively inaccessible.

The elasticity of connecting elements according to the invention can caused or increased by a joint. Such Arrangement has the further advantage that by choosing one relatively stiff material is a stable connecting element can be created that is not necessarily on the ridge brick must rest, but also unsupported can grip, so that no pressure on the ridge tiles is practiced. Nevertheless, the connection according to the invention element can be moved by the joint and can therefore be placed under different roof pitches can be adjusted.

It has proven to be favorable that the connecting elements elements from two cylinder cylinders sliding against each other partial surfaces each with an approximately semicircular curve Cross section are formed. This is a advantageous realization of the joint according to the invention. By the two halves of such a connecting element elements in the angular direction with respect to the central axis of the  two cylinder jacket partial surfaces rotated against each other can be, the angle of the connecting edges of the cylinder jacket partial areas vary. At the same time bil due to the semicircular curved cross section of the adjacent cylinder jacket partial surfaces an overall curved profile with a cross section in Shape of a circular ring sector, in its central recess there is room for the ridge tiles of a roof. Unless at least one of the two cylinder jacket partial surfaces from a rigid Material, for example made of metal, changes Radius of the circular sector-shaped cross section also at a moderate tension of the coupled assembly element not towards the sloping roof, so that neither Damage to the connecting element according to the invention still the ridge tile is to be feared.

On the other hand, it is also within the scope of the invention that the Gefer connecting elements made of an elastic material are required. As a result of this elasticity such connections are elements are able to adhere to roofs with differences licher slope by adjusting different nei angle coupled together, inventive Mon Allow daily elements.

The invention can be further developed so that the pre directions for fastening a mounting element to cont beard mounting elements and / or on between them added fasteners, especially those with gebo genem and / or curved course, as releasable connections are designed. This feature facilitates the modular Building a support structure from each other completely identical assembly elements, because this allows the Mon daily elements on site, d. i.e., directly on a house roof to be assembled. In the case of broken roof tiles  is a subsequent removal of individual assembly elements elements easily possible.

It has proven favorable that the Fasteners interlocking Have coupling elements. Such a form fit the fastest way to connect represents, the connection is detachable and ideally will not Tools needed.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that on at least one side each mounting element one or more, cross-section about hook-shaped coupling elements and on the opposite opposite side of the mounting element and / or angren corresponding side of a connecting element Number of cross-sectionally approximately web-shaped coupling elements are arranged so that a positive interlock One coupling hook and one coupling bridge possible is. Such a simple hook connection uses the Um always said that along the sloping surface of a house roof a downhill force is effective which is a lower one Pull down the mounting element along the sloping roof is striving, whereby, for example, a hook-in connection other assembly elements constantly on train bean is spoken, so that the hook-shaped element on his Pendant, which is designed as a web, but similar an eyelet is at least partially gripped against one unintentional opening is secured. It results a construction that is easy to assemble, in which the Mounting elements according to the invention beginning at the ridge can simply be hung one below the other.  

The invention provides a further development of this embodiment before that the coupling hooks to the back of the assembly element-pointing hook noses are provided. This will Continuous assembly enables each next assembly element with its coupling hook from above / outside on the relevant coupling webs above located, already assembled mounting element lowered becomes.

It has proven to be advantageous for the coupling webs to the relevant side of the mounting element or the connector tion elements have parallel longitudinal axes, along their the cross section of the web does not change. By the coupling therefore parallel to the (lower) side of one already assembled assembly element run, they form an on hanging option with horizontal longitudinal axis, see above that an attached mounting element in one in different equilibrium state and in horizon taler direction can be shifted slightly to the Connection to horizontally adjacent assembly elements to be able to manufacture and / or solve.

In this invention training, the coupling webs are with their end faces on over the relevant side of the Monta geelements or the connecting element projecting before jumps anchored, in particular molded. This is it is possible to have none at all in the central region of the webs Provide a connection to the relevant assembly element, so that this together with the front projections and the relevant outside of the mounting element Enclose eyelets into which the coupling hooks fit optimally can.  

Further advantages result from the fact that the coupling webs have a round or rounded cross-section. By making the coupling bars a round cross granted cut, it creates the possibility that the Kopp be hooked relative to the coupling webs can, so that the mounting elements in their Connection areas are inclined towards each other and there by also on roof surfaces with variable inclination keln can be adjusted, such as in older Dä still to be found.

In a slightly modified embodiment of the invention are the cross-sectionally hook-shaped coupling elements through a slit-shaped opening in the back of the mounting element. So there are not several, discrete coupling hooks on the relevant side of a Distributed assembly element, but this is instead with an almost continuous, slit-shaped depression see, the peripheral to the slit-shaped depression remaining part of the mounting frame of the nose of the ha ken-shaped coupling element corresponds. At match the inclination of the slot plane towards the back of the Mounting element can also create an arrangement here fen, in the event of an unintentional detachment from one led footbridge solely due to weight or hangab driving force of the attached mounting element not possible is.

In the context of this embodiment, the coupling webs with one of its long sides on one to the ground plane of the Anchored to the frame parallel mounting bracket, in particular molded onto them. Because the mounting bracket for this inven ideally cover the entire side of the Mounting element extends, would be an end fastening  not stable enough. So in such a case it is sensible, the coupling web along its entire length with the mounting frame or one molded onto it Fixing tab. The angle of inclination of the The web should be approximately the angle of inclination of the slit-shaped Opening on the opposite side of the mounting element correspond to the joining of several Montageele elements on one level without clamping.

Especially with assembly or connecting elements Metal mounting tabs can have other advantages thereby achieve that to the longitudinal edge in question of the mounting element or the connecting element parallel Outside edge of the mounting bracket one to the front of the Mounting element or to the outside of the connecting element bent web for hanging in the slit-shaped opening tion of a mounting element. If the fastener tion tab in the area facing the roof tiles Back of a mounting element or a connecting element ment is created by the bending according to the invention regulation a right-angled or acute-angled wedge between the Fastening tab and its bent web on which the peripheral boundary surface of the slot-shaped opening hooks, so that the positive connection thus formed Slope downforce of the lower assembly element and, if applicable can accommodate additional, attached mounting elements.

Within the scope of the invention there are approximately parallel extending outwards to the base plane of the mounting element Tabs lying on an adjacent one, in the same plane ing mounting element and / or on an adjacent Connection element can be determined. This mounting position in contrast to the above, curved and / or curved connecting elements have an approximately straight shape,  and their longitudinal axis run approximately parallel to the base plane of the mounting element. They are used on the same Installation of a saddle or hipped roof elements to one another to form a rigid scaffolding tie. Here, by means of such a mounting position a variety of assembly elements side by side the as well as a larger number arranged one below the other become. It is easily possible to use both halves of one Gable roof completely with one another according to the invention of the connected assembly elements.

It has proven to be favorable that the mounting position are arranged on the top of the mounting elements. This makes it possible that the frame of neighboring Mon full-day elements and thus on the one hand on the other hand, they rest against each other, which holding scaffold according to the invention a particularly high stabili lends activity. Nevertheless, the fasteners are from the outside ß / accessible at the top and can be used or used easily be solved.

The invention prefers an embodiment in which the Fastening tabs with at least one hole for through occurs a fastening screw are provided. This enables light a coupling between neighboring fastening layers between each other or between a mounting bracket on the one hand and a mounting element according to the invention on the other hand with fastening screws, which are approximately plumb be screwed right to the base level of the mounting element. The most versatile is an invention training, at with the approximately straight fastening tabs releasable at least one screw each on the two adj beard mounting elements are arranged so that they Recesses in the area of chimneys or roof areas  windows or in the area of the roof ridge or the circumference the support structure according to the invention can be omitted can and therefore a highly flexible modular scept results.

The invention further provides that the scope of it assembly elements according to the invention one or more, perpendicular recesses for receiving that run to its basic level of fastening screws or bolts. These Recesses can be in connection with the Invention Use the modular concept highly universally: Herewith can on the one hand use adjacent mounting elements Fastening tabs are fixed to each other; in the Be rich the ridge tile is possibly the connection of a ge curved and / or curved fastener possible. Finally, these recesses can also be used to fastening bolts anchored to the roof structure in order to the stable support structure on a few To fix points on the roof structure and thereby also with him high wind load a lifting of the structure from the roof to prevent. Because of the ver bound solar collector lying on the roof tiles roof tiles are given additional security, see above that as a further effect the loosening of individual roof tiles in is avoided by gusts of wind.

It is within the scope of the invention that the mounting takes the frame of the assembly elements of the invention enforce completely. On the one hand, this has the advantage that all mounting recesses both for attachment Fasteners according to the invention as well as through occurs on the roof truss anchored mounting bolts are suitable. When connecting approximately straight, like also of curved and / or curved fastening elements  ten offer continuous fastening recesses part that either thread themselves into the frame cutting screws as well as one on the bottom of the frame arranged counter element secured machine can be used so that the Installa different depending on stability requirements can choose fastening techniques. It is beyond that too possible, the mounting recesses with an internal ge winch to screw in machine screws directly to be able to. The continuous fastening recesses offer the further advantage that in unused recesses no water can stand still, which can be caused by freezing damage to the frame in winter could.

Furthermore, the invention provides flat elements for abdec kung the butt joint and / or the fasteners to egg ner or more adjacent mounting elements. Such Covers have a protective function on the one hand, and others on the one hand, they contribute to an optical standardization of the area covered with solar panels and increase there with the aesthetics of the overall impression, what with single-family houses is particularly important. It is also conceivable that the Be to form fastening tabs as cover surfaces.

The covers of the invention are preferably with egg ver or two adjacent mounting frames screws. As such, they can be resolved quickly if in the event of a repair, access to the underlying Be fastening elements is necessary.

Another advantageous feature of the invention is that that the bottom of the frame with a bottom plate or at least provided with a circumferential contact surface  is. A base plate increases the stability of the frame, so that this can be easily made of plastic can. This in turn has the advantage that a fiction moderate mounting element is very light and therefore neither roof Brick roof structure is even more stressed than a thick one Layer of snow. Lighten the base plate or contact surface the installation of a solar panel.

When using a base plate, it has proven to be cheap proven to provide in the same water drain openings. This feature also serves to stop what to prevent puddles, so that not at temperatures un below the freezing point the formation of cracks in the To fear mounting element and / or the solar panels is.

Further advantages come to light when two are against each other overlying sides of the frame that are fully assembled Condition of the mounting element on an inclined base are at different levels, each in the range of front edge of the inner frame circumference to the frame parallel retention webs are formed on the ground plane, the one with the back of the mounting element Storage pocket for one edge of the insert Form solar panel. Here is a screw connection of the Solar panel not provided with the mounting element. Rather, it is inserted into both receiving pockets and in this position by the slope downforce of one on the one hand, through the retaining webs on the other hand in front of a ago fail to keep. Since no tools are required for this either the mounting element according to the invention is suitable suitable for assembly by technical amateurs.  

In a further development of this inventive idea, that the distance of the free edge of the fully assembled Condition of the mounting element lower-lying restraints bridges to the bottom of the opposite pocket is greater than the corresponding extension of a one the solar panel. This is an assembly technique enables a solar panel first from below fully inserted into the upper pocket closing over the free edge of the lower retaining web completely into the recess of the mounting element swung in and finally along the bottom plate or along the bearing surfaces of the mounting element so far is lowered until its bottom edge on the bottom of the un tere recording bag sits on.

In addition to this feature, it has proven to be inexpensive sen that the in the fully assembled state of the Montageele The higher insertion pocket has a larger insert depth than the lower one in this state Pocket. Because in this case the upper one covers Retaining bar the top edge of the inserted solar panel tors even after it has been completely lowered, so that the top of the solar panel swings out tors even completely out against its weight is closed.

A preferred embodiment of the invention stands out characterized in that on the underside of the frame and / or the Base plate spacing knobs or strips are available. This will make the distance between the bottom of it mounting elements according to the invention and / or inserted therein Solar panels and roof tiles enlarged so that air circulation is possible, for example after a re  ensures that the roof tiles can dry quickly nen.

If spacer strips are used, be special advantages from the fact that they are below two, opposite longitudinal sides of the frame parallel are arranged to these. This allows the air between circulate two spacer strips each over the entire roof area ren.

This embodiment offers a fiction, ge moderate further training in which in the mouth area of Ab footbridges favoring a chimney-like flow mung baffles are arranged. The between two neighboring beard mounting elements located fasteners can have the consequence that the spacers in this Be richly do not connect flush and consequently uncontrollable air vortices arise, which a ka min-like train in which each of two neighboring distance stones affect the shaft formed. To be called too Optimal cooling especially in summer for photos voltaic modules ensure their efficiency is not reduced, the corresponding currents through manholes in the area of the fasteners appropriate flow baffles are continued, so that air ducts are as completely closed as possible in which the air experiences sufficient draft, to maintain a constant flow rate guarantee.

Can also favor a chimney-like flow be provided that on the ridge element in the mouth area the spacer webs are arranged air outlet openings. Because the ridge element is largely closed  Shell can be formed with its longitudinal edges sits on the roof tiles, creates a barrier in front of the Mouths of the upward air ducts of the un mutually suspended mounting elements, so that by ent speaking air outlet openings of the air ducts concern must be worn. It is here, for example, with a Embodiment with hori arranged between projections zontal webs for hook-like fastening with tel to the additional air outlet openings in the area to arrange the extensions between two adjacent webs.

The invention has the additional advantage that in the Frame of the mounting elements according to the invention openings Passage of electrical cables and / or fluid snooze Chen can be provided. As stated above, it is a concern of the invention, the connecting lines or tubes of all solar panels in the area of To collect roof ridges and a central energy storage or the like. To the within the relevant framework arranged solar collectors below possibly existing whose covers on these central busbars to be able to conclude, the invention sees openings in the Frame in front, through the appropriate cable and / or slack che can be passed.

Training the Er has similarly beneficial effects finding, in which the frame as a circumferential hollow profile is formed. As already stated, there is a another object of the invention is to provide a variety of monta elements along the sloping roof nen, but all to the central busbars in the loading connected to the roof ridge. For those who need it provides agile connecting lines and / or hoses the invention laying shafts in the form of the cavities inside  half of the assembly elements available. As a result of this too Additional features are assembly elements according to the invention extremely universally applicable, for example because of the connecting pipes of warm arranged in the lower roof area water collectors in the cavities of the upper assembly element elements past the solar cells installed there Can collect pipe in the area of the roof ridge.

Further advantages result from the fact that the frame there are two superimposed half-shells. Hereby there is a possibility that the lower half first ten of the mounting elements on a house roof can, so that a stable holding frame is created. In the interconnected lower halves of the assembly element elements are then used. On then the wiring or piping is carried out men, the connecting wires or hoses from above in the now open shafts of the all-round hollow profile can be inserted. Eventually the top ones Halves of the mounting elements on the lower halves mon tiert, while at the same time the contained solar panels and connecting elements are fixed. Another advantage is that the anchoring and / or fastening screws only in the lower halves of the mounting elements screwed and then covered by the top, so that they are protected against corrosion etc.

It is advantageous here that the two half-shells of Frames with snap locks can be fixed together. This reduces the assembly work to a minimum graces.

It has proven favorable that the scope of the inventions mounting elements according to the invention have a rectangular base area  having. This allows the assembly elements to be one gapless grid like the shape of a chessboard put together. In addition, this form corresponds to the custom format of commercially available solar collectors. Such Mounting elements are equally for photovoltaic modules as well as for hot water collectors, both of which have a rectangular base, so that a station wagon nation of these different energy collectors with only one egg ner only type of assembly elements according to the invention is possible. For all possible varieties of Sonnenkol proofread only a single mounting element molding is, its manufacturing costs can be kept to a minimum be reduced.

Finally, it is in accordance with the teaching of the invention that the Frame and possibly the base plate made of plastic is. This material combines the advantages of a minor Weight with an extremely high corrosion resistance and very low raw material and manufacturing costs.

More details, features and benefits based on the invention will become apparent from the following description a preferred embodiment of the invention and hand of drawing. This shows in

Fig. 1 is a single family assistants having a number of a multiplicity of inventive mounting members together gege translated holding structure for an approximately equally large number of Sonnenkol,

Fig. 2 is a side view of the Fig. 1,

Fig. 3, some of the mounting members according to the invention in an assembled state,

Fig. 4 is a section through the Fig. 3 along the Li never IV-IV,

Fig. 5 shows the detail V from Fig. 2, in a ten to magnified scale

Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the invention in FIG. 5 corresponding representation,

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the Fig. 6 along the arrow VII,

Fig. 8 shows a section through the Fig. 7 never along the Li VIII-VIII,

Fig. 9 shows a detail from Fig. 6 with a one assembly element when inserting a solar panel, and

Fig. 10 shows the embodiment of FIGS. 6 to 9 in a different use.

Fig. 1 shows a single-family house with a gable roof 2 , which is occupied in its upper region 3 with a support structure 5 for solar collectors 6 formed from mounting elements 4 according to the invention.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the bevel surface 9 of the gable roof 2 facing away from the viewer, like the visible inclined surface 10, is provided with solar collectors 6 accommodated in assembly elements 4 . The mounting elements 4 on both inclined surfaces 9 , 10 are connected to one another by the roof ridge 7 via cross-fastening means 8 , so that a single supporting structure 5 results. Also, since two rows 11 are available on the rear inclined surface 9 of mounting elements 4, the constructive Tragkon tion 5 of a total of forty mounting elements. 4

Instead of dividing the supporting structure 5 according to the invention into horizontal rows 11 , it can also be said that it consists of ten columns 12 , each column 12 having four mounting elements 4 , of which the two middle by a fastening element 8 over the ridge 7 with each other are connected. Fig. 3 shows a section with the middle parts 4 , 8 of a column 12 , wherein the movable fastener 8 is spread so far that all the mounting elements 4 according to the invention are in one plane and aligned with each other, as is the case, for example, during assembly a flat roof is the case.

In Fig. 3 it can be clearly seen that each mounting element 4 is formed from a rectangular frame 13 with a rectangular profile cross section. A stiffening base plate 14 is arranged within this frame, which is approximately aligned with the underside 15 of the frame 13 , so that the inside 16 of the frame 13 forms a flat depression 17 together with the base plate 14 . The base area of the recess 17 is slightly larger than the base area of commercially available photovoltaic modules 18 or hot water collectors 19 . On the other hand, the height of the depression corresponds approximately to the strength of such solar collectors 18 , 19 , so that they can be fitted into the depression 17 fairly precisely.

To fix the solar panels 18 , 19 , the bottom plate 14 can be drilled at a suitable point before mounting the solar panels 18 , 19 , so that fastening screws can be inserted through these openings and provided with an orderly, threaded thread on the rear of the relevant solar panel 18 , 19 Holes can be screwed.

How the sectional representations acc. FIGS. 4 and 5 show, the frame is ausgebil det as a round circular hollow section 20 13, the frame is provided with openings 22 13 especially in the region of the four corners of the 21st The openings 22 enable the passage of electrical cables 23 as well as liquid hoses 24 , so that the cavity 20 of the frame 13 can be used as a cable and / or hose duct. This makes it possible to lead the connecting cables 23 and / or hoses 24 of the solar collectors 18 , 19 in a lower row 11 through the hollow shafts 20 of the mounting elements 4 in the rows 11 above them to the central or uppermost fastening element 8 , for example there to be connected to a busbar and connected to a central energy store or the like.

In addition to the feed-through openings 22 , the frame 13 has mounting holes 25 directed perpendicular to its base plate 14 . In the area of these fastening bores 25, however , the cavity 20 is not open, but is closed off by a cylindrical sleeve 27 which extends from the top 26 to the bottom 15 of the frame 13 . Although the cylindrical sleeve 27 is not provided with an internal thread in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, fastening screws 28 can be screwed in if they are able to cut the thread themselves.

Between the head 29 of a fastening screw 28 and the top 26 of the frame 13 , a fastening tab 30 can be clamped, which is used to mechanically fix two adjacent mounting elements 4 . When using compared to Fig. 2 shortened mounting tabs 30 there is an intimate fit between adjacent mounting elements 4 , so that the entire support structure 5 is very stable in itself.

Since the mounting holes 25 completely penetrate the frame 13 , they are also able to take on fastening bolts anchored to the roof structure of the family house 1 , which can be secured in the area of the upper side 26 of the frame 13 by a corresponding counter element. Such fastening bolts are necessary due to the ho hen stability of the support structure 5 only in the region of the lower edge 33 thereof in order to prevent lifting of the support structure 5 from the roof 2 in strong wind gusts. Two to three fastening bolts in the area of an inclined surface 9 , 10 of the roof 2 are already sufficient for this.

In the area of the roof ridge 7, however , anchoring with the aid of fastening bolts is not necessary, since here a fastening element 8 specially constructed for this purpose fixes the mounting elements 4 of the two uppermost rows 11 of the supporting structure 5 to one another, so that they hold each other and also at higher wind strengths there is no need to fear lifting of the supporting structure 5 in this area.

The fastening element 8 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4 in a side view. It consists of two halves 34 , 35 which are articulated together. Each of the two halves 34 , 35 has approximately the shape of a tube cut apart in two halves along one of its radial planes, so that there is approximately the cross section of a groove 36 , 37 .

In the area of an outer edge 38 , 39 of the channel-shaped curved area 36 , 37 of the two halves 34 , 35 are radially outwardly directed connection loops 40 , 41 are formed with respect to the central axes of the approximately channel-like curved areas 36 , 37 and / or by bending educated. In their outer area, the connecting straps 40 , 41 have a vertical bend 42 , 43 , so that the outermost regions 44 , 45 of the connecting straps 40 , 41 are due to the double bend 38 , 42 and 39 , 43 relative to the adjacent area 46 , 47 of the channel-like curvature 36 , 37 are deflected by almost 180 °.

The two halves 34 , 35 lie with their curved areas Be 36 , 37 flat against each other. This flat form circuit is ensured by arranged on both end faces of the fastening elements 8 guide elements 48 . The guide elements 48 are each formed by an extension of the channel-like curvature 36 of a shell-like half 34 which is bent over by approximately 180 ° and which engages around the relevant end face of the curved region 37 of the other shell-like half 35 in a form-fitting manner.

The two guide elements 48 ensure that the two adjacent shell halves 34 , 35 can only be rotated 49 against one another along the curved lateral surface 36 , 37 . With such a rotation changes the angle 50 , which the two connecting lugs 40 , 41 enclose with each other, while their approximately radial direction with respect to the central axis of the two curved regions 36 , 37 is retained. By twisting 49 , it is therefore possible to adjust the angle 50 between the two connection plates 40 , 41 to the angle of inclination of the roof 2 .

The radius of the curved areas 36 , 37 of the two half-shells 34 , 35 is significantly larger than the radius of a ridge tile 51 , so that it is completely cantilevered by the fastening element 8 when its rotation 49 is set so that the two connecting plates 40th , 41 are aligned approximately parallel to the base surfaces of the uppermost roof tiles 52 , 53 . The ridge tile 51 is therefore not pressurized and thus protects against damage. In addition, a cavity 54 remains between the ridge tile 51 and the fastening element 8 , which can be used to lead through electrical cables 23 and / or liquid hoses 24 .

In order to be able to mount the uppermost mounting elements 4 quickly and yet safely on the fastening element 8 , the frame 13 has in the region of its upper cross member 55 a slot 56 which is open towards its underside 15 and whose depth is approximately the width of the 42 bent outwards, 43 area 44 , 45 of the connecting lugs 40 , 41 speaks ent. By sliding the slot 56 onto the outer region 44 , 45 of a connecting plate 40 , 41 , a mounting element 4 is mounted on the fastening element 8 which is slipped over the ridge 7 .

The mounting elements 4 placed on opposite inclined surfaces 9 , 10 of the roof 2 exert approximately symmetrical downward slope forces on the fastening element 8 , which thus largely compensate each other. As a result, none of the mounting elements 4 hanging on the same fastening element 8 succeeds in pulling it onto its side. Therefore, the fastener 8 remains centrally on the ridge 7 , and it is not necessary to occupy both inclined surfaces 9 , 10 of a roof 2 with an identical number of mounting elements 4 and solar panels 18 , 19 . In particular, it is possible in single-family houses 1 , de ren First 7 runs approximately in an east-west direction to occupy the southern roof half 10 with solar panels 18 , 19 , while on the northern roof half 9 other, but also flat elements of the solar energy in question system can be installed.

Depending on the type of energy generation and storage, plate capacitors can be arranged on the north side 9, for example to form flat modules, which are used for storage in the form of electrical energy or flat hydrogen storage, which is used when the electrical energy is used to cleave of water in hydrogen and oxygen are needed. In addition, it is also conceivable, flat on the north side 9 of the roof 2 heat exchanger inner half of inventive mounting elements 4 to be arranged, with which the lecturers of arranged on the south side Warmwasserkol supplied heat to a secondary side, closed on the inside in the house installed radiator circuit is transmitted.

In order to prevent rainwater from entering the butt joints between adjoining fastening elements 8 and, for example, collector pipes or the like laid underneath, can be destroyed by corrosion, the fastening elements 8 arranged in the region of the roof ridge 7 are completely covered by a likewise curved hood 57 . The hood 57 can be screwed 58 to the tops 26 of the top row 11 of mounting elements 4 .

The mounting elements 4 according to the invention are preferably made of plastic, on the one hand to save weight and on the other hand to enable subsequent processing for the purpose of adaptation to the specific conditions of a roof 2 . For example, it is easily possible to cut a recess corresponding to the area required by a chimney 59 into the mounting element 4 in question, so that a mounting element 60 of such a reduced size is no longer able to accommodate a solar collector 6 ; However, it serves to fill the remaining space between the adjacent mounting elements 4 and thereby increases the stability of the supporting structure 5th

On the underside 15 of the frame 13 as well as the bottom plate 14 of a mounting element 4 , spacing knobs 111 are arranged, which ensure that a minimum distance is maintained between the mounting elements according to the invention and the roof tiles 52 , 53 , through which air can circulate quick drying of the roof tiles after rain.

A somewhat modified embodiment of assembly elements 61 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 6 to 10. Here, the directly arranged Mon day elements 61 a, 61 b are not screwed together, as in the previous embodiment, but they are - similar to the connection between a mounting element 4 and the corresponding ridge element 8 - hung together. For this purpose, on the respective overhead transverse side 62 a, 62 b of a mounting element of the invention 61 a, 61 b hook-shaped coupling elements 63 to the back 64 of the respective mounting element sen 61 a, 61 b directed Hakenna formed 65th

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 6, are formed on the lower transverse sides 66 a of the mounting elements 61 a, 61 b against the hook-shaped coupling elements 63 offset projections 67 . Two adjacent extensions 67 are connected to one another in their lower region 68 by a web 69 . Thus, between the lower transverse side 66 a, two adjacent extensions 67 and a cross bar 69 connecting them to the rear 64 of the mounting element 61 a, 61 b open recesses 70 for hanging a hook-shaped coupling element 63 . The webs 63 have a rounded upper edge 71 , at the radius of curvature of which the corresponding recess in the hook-shaped coupling elements 63 is adapted, so that two mutually attached mounting elements 61 a, 61 b can take a limited deviating angle of inclination.

As shown in FIG. 6, in this embodiment, the fir element 72 can be designed as a rigid, cross-sectionally approximately semicircularly shaped hood that surrounds the ridge tile 51 at a distance, so that 54 collecting tubes 73 and electrical cables 23 can be laid in the cavity formed between them . The ridge element 72 is placed centrally on the roof ridge 7 and can be screwed several times with the help of long fastening screws 74 to the ridge beam 75 of the roof chair 76 in order to create a stable starting point for the further assembly of the mounting elements 61 a, 61 b.

In the area of the two longitudinal edges 77 , extensions 79 are arranged on the outside 78 of the ridge element 72 at approximately equidistant intervals, which are connected to one another in the area of their outside edge 80 by horizontally extending crossbars 81 . The radius of curvature of the transverse webs 81 speaks approximately to that of the upper edges 71 of the transverse webs 69 , so that the hook-shaped coupling elements 63 of the uppermost assembly elements 61 a can be easily attached to the transverse webs 81 . As a result of the round cross section of the webs 81 , the suspended mounting elements 61 a are able to pivot relative to the ridge element 72 at a large angle, so that an adaptation to different angles of inclination of the inclined surfaces 9 , 10 of the roof 2 is possible.

On the inclined sides 82 , 83 of the Montageele elements 61 a, 61 b 84 parallel mounting tabs 85 , 86 are arranged to the base plane, which largely overlap in the assembled state of the supporting structure 5 . Each of the mounting tabs 85 , 86 is provided with holes 87 which are in the overlapping state of the La's 85 , 86 aligned with each other, so that when assembling the support structure 5 through two mutually aligned holes 87 a common mounting screw 88 pushed and by means of one Counter element can be determined by friction. This gives the supporting structure maximum strength.

On the back 64 of the mounting elements 61 a, 61 b according to the invention, parallel to the inclined sides 82 , 83 are spacer webs 89 which serve the purpose of creating cavities between the mounting elements 61 a, 61 b and the roof tiles 52 , 53 , which a enable optimal air circulation even below the mounting elements 61 a, 61 b.

Since the cooling of photovoltaic modules 18 is particularly important on hot summer days in order to achieve an optimum degree of efficiency, there is a large-area recess 112 in the rear 64 of each mounting element 61 , so that the solar panels 6 used are also directly on their rear side Cooling air flows around, which rises in the wide central shaft between the inner two spacer webs 89 from a mounting element 61 upwards.

As can also be seen in FIG. 8, the frame 90 is also embodied as a cross-sectional rectangular hollow profile in this embodiment 61 a, 61 b. In order to use the inner space 91 of the hollow profile 90 for the laying of electrical cables 23 or fluid tubes 24, 90 of the frame arranged voltages Durchführöff also here in the region of the corners 92nd In addition, in this area there are neither hook-shaped coupling elements 63 nor extensions 67 or transverse webs 69 and also no fastening tabs 85 , 86 . In order to protect the exposed electric cables 23 or liquid hoses 24 from the weather, cover plates 93 can be fastened in the relevant areas 92 from 93 , which in the fully assembled state of the supporting structure 5 covered the upper transverse side 62 b of the mounting element 61 b suspended below.

The attachment of a solar panel 6 in the recess 94 of a mounting element 61 a, 61 b serve two retaining webs 95 , 96 , which are approximately in the upper plane 97 and from the edge 94 bordering, to the transverse sides 62 , 66 parallel surfaces 98 , 99 of the frame 90 project into NEN. Through the bottom plate 84 of the Montageele element 61 , the two inner boundary surfaces 98 , 99 and the retaining webs 95 , 96 formed thereon, two receiving pockets 100 , 101 for a transverse edge 102 , 103 of the solar collector 6 are accordingly formed.

The distance of the free longitudinal edge 104 of the lower retaining web 96 to the base 98 of the upper receiving pocket 100 is slightly larger than the corresponding length of a sun collector 6 , so that this with its upper transverse edge 102 ahead in the upper receiving pocket 100 until it bears against it Reason 98 can be inserted 105. Subsequently, its lower transverse edge 103 is pivoted 106 past the free longitudinal edge 104 of the lower retaining web 96 into the recess 94 from the mounting element 106 . Upon subsequent release, the solar collector 6 slides downward along the base plate 84 as a result of the downward slope force until its lower transverse edge 103 abuts the base 99 of the lower receiving pocket 101 . Since the upper retaining web 95 is wider than the lower retaining web 96 , it covers the upper transverse edge 102 of the solar collector 6 even after it has slipped down and holds the solar collector 6 together with the lower retaining web 96 in the recess 94 , so that even in the event of strong gusts of wind and / or vibrations, lifting the solar collector 6 out of the mounting element 61 is excluded.

The mounting element 61 according to the invention can be made of plastic; However, it also lends itself to a position made of aluminum, since this is light and very stable and for this reason should also be used for the ridge element 72 . To further reduce the weight, slots can be seen in the aluminum profile.

The mounting elements 4 , 61 according to the invention as well as the corresponding ridge elements 8 , 72 are not restricted to the use on gable roofs. There are also applications on flat roofs or moderately inclined garage roofs, where the ridge elements 8 , 72 form a central cable duct 107 , which enables clear and weather-protected wiring or piping of the solar collectors. Another application is the cultivation on high soundproof walls along highways NEN, where also a flat extension as in Fig. 3 is geous.

Furthermore, the assembly elements 4 , 61 according to the invention can be hung over walls 108 or fences, as is shown in a playful manner in FIG. 10. This application, in contrast to the planar arrangement from FIG. 3, represents the other limit case, in which the two mounting elements 61 attached to a ridge 72 are pivoted so far that they hang parallel to one another on both sides 109 , 110 of the wall 108 . This arrangement is particularly suitable for walls running in a north-south direction, but can also be used successfully for walls in an east-west direction, since even on the north side of a wall or a building due to the diffuse light scattering in the atmosphere an efficiency of 30-40% is still achieved.

For transport, the assembly elements according to the invention are placed one on top of the other, by means of the alignment of the fastening recesses 25 or 87 , rods are pushed and the same is fixed at both ends with threaded elements, so that a compact transport unit results even without additional packaging. In addition, solar panels used in the assembly elements are protected against damage, which therefore also does not have to be packed.

The solar power generated can be in the household and / or on charge of batteries used by electric cars.

Claims (48)

1. Solar energy system with on the gable roof ( 2 ) of a house ( 1 ) arranged, flat components, in particular solar panels ( 6 ) such as photovoltaic modules ( 18 ) and / or hot water collectors ( 19 ), characterized in that the flat components ( 6 ) on both sides ( 9 , 10 ) of the ridge ( 7 ) is arranged and connected to each other across them, so that the downhill forces in the area of the ridge ( 7 ) are approximately in static equilibrium. 2. Solar energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that solar collectors are arranged on both roof surfaces ( 9 , 10 ). 3. Solar energy system according to claim 1, in particular for a roof ( 2 ) with a roof ridge in the east-west direction ( 7 ), characterized in that on the south side ( 10 ) of the roof ( 2 ) and solar panels ( 6 ) the north side ( 9 ) counterweights are arranged. 4. Solar energy system according to claim 3, characterized records that as counterweights energy storage such Accumulators, high-capacitance capacitors and / or Hydrogen tanks can be used. 5. Solar energy system according to claim 4, characterized records that used as counterweights heat exchanger be that between a primary, over on the roof arranged hot water collectors closed circuit run and a secondary circuit are switched,  the closed over heating elements arranged in the house is. 6. Solar energy system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat components ( 6 ) arranged on the roof are connected to one another to form a flat unit ( 5 ). 7. Solar energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that the flat unit ( 5 ) in the region of its lower edges ( 33 ) with the roof structure ( 76 ) is the verbun. 8. Solar energy system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the flat unit ( 5 ) is connected to the ridge beam ( 75 ). 9. Solar energy plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat components ( 6 ) in / on mounting elements ( 4 ; 61 ) are BEFE Stigt, which are interconnectable to form the flat unit ( 5 ). 10. Solar energy system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by connecting elements ( 8 ; 72 ), with which a connection of the flat components ( 6 ) and / or the mounting elements ( 4 ; 61 ) over the roof ridge ( 7 ) is possible. 11. Mounting element for flat components of solar energy systems, especially for solar collectors ( 6 ) such as photovoltaic modules ( 18 ) and / or hot water collectors ( 19 ), characterized by a flat frame ( 13 ; 90 ) with an approximately the extent of a flat Solar component ( 6 ) corresponding to receiving opening ( 17 ; 94 ) and with devices ( 25 , 30 ; 43 , 44 , 56 ; 63 , 69 ; 85 , 86 , 88 ) for attachment to adjacent assembly elements ( 4 ; 61 ) or between this inserted connecting elements ( 8 ; 72 ). 12. Mounting element according to claim 11, characterized by connecting elements ( 8 ; 72 ) with a curved and / or curved course ( 36 , 37 ) for connecting adjacent mounting elements ( 4 ; 61 ) with mutually inclined base planes ( 14 ; 84 ). 13. Mounting element according to claim 12, characterized in that the radius of curvature of a connecting element ( 8 ; 72 ) is greater than the radius of commercially available ridge tiles ( 51 ). 14. Mounting element according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 8 ; 72 ) with a curved and / or curved course ( 36 , 37 ) on the sides parallel to their axis of curvature ( 38 , 39 ) fastening tabs ( 40 , 41 ) or projections ( 79 ) which extend approximately radially outward with respect to the axis of curvature. 15. Mounting element according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 8 ) have one or more joints ( 34 , 35 ). 16. Mounting element according to claim 15, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 8 ) from two sliding abutting cylinder jacket partial surfaces ( 36 , 37 ) each with an approximately semicircular curved cross section are formed. 17. Mounting element according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 8 ) are made of an elastic material. 18. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the devices ( 25 , 30 ; 43 , 44 , 56 ; 63 , 69 ; 85 , 86 , 88 ) for fastening a mounting element ( 4 ; 61 ) to adjacent ones Montageelemen th ( 4 ; 61 ) and / or between these inserted connecting elements ( 8 ; 72 ), in particular those with a curved and / or curved course ( 36 , 37 ), are designed as releasable connections. 19. Mounting element according to claim 18, characterized net that the fasteners positively have interlocking coupling elements. 20. Mounting element according to claim 19, characterized in that on at least one side ( 62 ) of each mounting element ( 61 ) one or more, cross-sectionally approximately hook-shaped coupling elements ( 63 ) and on the opposite side ( 66 ) of the mounting element ( 61 ) and / or on an adjacent side ( 77 ) of a connecting element ( 72 ) a corresponding number of cross-sectionally approximately web-shaped coupling elements ( 69 , 81 ) are arranged so that a form-fitting interlocking of one coupling hook ( 63 ) and one coupling web ( 69 , 81 ) is possible. 21. Mounting element according to claim 20, characterized in that the coupling hooks ( 63 ) with the rear ( 64 ) of the mounting element ( 61 ) facing hook lugs ( 65 ) are provided. 22. Mounting element according to claim 21, characterized in that the coupling webs ( 69 , 81 ) to the side ( 66 , 77 ) of the mounting element ( 61 ) or the connecting element ( 72 ) have parallel longitudinal axes, along which the web cross-section does not change. 23. Mounting element according to claim 22, characterized in that the coupling webs ( 69 , 81 ) with their end faces on the relevant side ( 66 , 78 ) of the mounting element ( 61 ) or the connecting element ( 72 ) projecting projections ( 67 , 79 ) anchored, in particular molded on. 24. Mounting element according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the coupling webs ( 69 , 81 ) have a round or rounded cross section. 25. Mounting element according to claim 21, characterized in that the cross-sectional approximately hook-shaped coupling elements through a slot-shaped opening ( 56 ) in the rear ( 15 ) of the mounting element ( 4 ) are ge. 26. Mounting element according to claim 25, characterized records that the coupling webs with one of their Long sides on one parallel to the base plane of the frame lelen anchoring bracket, especially attached are shaped. 27. Mounting element according to claim 26, characterized in that the ge to the relevant longitudinal edge of the Monta geelements or the connecting element ( 8 ) parallel outer edge of the mounting bracket ( 40 , 41 ) one to the front of the mounting element or to the outside of the connecting element ( 8 ) bent ( 42 , 43 ) has web ( 44 , 45 ) for hanging in the slot-shaped opening ( 56 ) of a mounting element ( 4 ). 28. Mounting element according to claim 18, characterized in that the fastening devices ( 30 ) are formed as parallel to the base plane of the mounting element outwardly extending tabs, the day element on an adjacent, in the same plane Mon and / or on an adjacent connecting element can be fixed are. 29. Mounting element according to claim 28, characterized net that the mounting tabs on the top of the Mounting element are arranged. 30. Mounting element according to claim 29, characterized in that the fastening tabs ( 30 ) are provided with at least one bore for the passage of a fastening screw ( 28 ). 31. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 30, characterized in that the frame ( 13 ) one or more, perpendicular to its base plane ( 14 ) duri fende recesses ( 25 ) for receiving fastening screws ( 28 ) or bolts . 32. Mounting element according to claim 31, characterized in that the fastening recesses ( 25 ) completely pass through the frame ( 13 ). 33. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 32, characterized by flat elements ( 57 ) for covering the butt joint and / or the fastening elements ( 8 ; 30 ) to one or more adjacent mounting elements ( 4 ). 34. Mounting element according to claim 33, characterized in that the covers ( 57 ) with the frame ( 13 ) of the mounting elements ( 4 ) are screwed ( 58 ). 35. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 34, characterized in that the underside ( 15 ; 64 ) of the frame ( 13 ; 90 ) is provided with a base plate ( 14 ; 84 ) or with a circumferential bearing surface. 36. Mounting element according to claim 35, characterized in that the bottom plate ( 14 ; 84 ) is penetrated by water drain openings. 37. Mounting element according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that on two opposite sides ( 62 , 66 ) of the frame ( 90 ), which in the fully assembled state of the mounting element ( 61 ) on an inclined base ( 9 , 10 ) are at different levels, each in the area of the front ( 97 ) edge of the inner frame circumference ( 98 , 99 ) to the frame base plane ( 84 ) approximately parallel retaining webs ( 95 , 96 ) are formed, which together with the rear side ( 84 ) of the mounting element ( 61 ) each form a receiving pocket ( 100 , 101 ) for an edge ( 102 , 103 ) of the solar collector ( 6 ) to be inserted. 38. Mounting element according to claim 37, characterized in that the distance of the free edge ( 104 ) of the lower retaining web ( 96 ) in the fully assembled state of the mounting element ( 61 ) to the bottom ( 98 ) of the opposite receiving pocket ( 100 ) is greater than the corresponding extent of a solar collector ( 6 ) to be inserted. 39. Mounting element according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that in the fully assembled state of the mounting element ( 61 ) located higher pocket ( 100 ) has a greater insertion depth than the lower pocket in this state ( 101 ). 40. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 39, characterized in that on the underside ( 15 ; 64 ) of the frame ( 13 ; 90 ) and / or the base plate ( 14 ; 84 ) spacer knobs ( 111 ) and / or webs ( 89 ) are present. 41. Mounting element according to claim 40, characterized in that the spacer webs ( 89 ) are arranged in the region of two opposite sides ( 82 , 83 ) of the frame ( 90 ) and parallel to these. 42. Mounting element according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that a chimney-like flow favoring flow guide plates are arranged in the mouth region of the spacer webs ( 89 ). 43. Mounting element according to one of claims 40 to 42, characterized in that on the ridge element ( 72 ) in the mouth region of the spacer webs ( 89 ) a chimney-flow flow favoring air outlet openings
44. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 43, characterized in that openings ( 22 ) for the passage of electric cables ( 23 ) and / or liquid hoses ( 24 ) are provided in the frame ( 13 ; 90 ). 45. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 44, characterized in that the frame ( 13 ; 90 ) is designed as a circumferential hollow profile ( 20 ; 91 ). 46. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 45, there characterized in that the frame is made up of two other half-shells. 47. Mounting element according to claim 46, characterized net that the two half-shells of the frame with Snap locks can be fixed together. 48. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 47, characterized in that the frame ( 13 ; 90 ) has a rectangular base. 49. Mounting element according to one of claims 11 to 48, characterized in that the frame ( 13 ; 90 ) and possibly the base plate ( 14 ; 84 ) is made of plastic.