DE19601069A1 - Solar energy installation for pitched roof - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar energy installation has a number of solar panel elements (6), positioned on either side (9, 10) of the roof ridge (7). The solar panel elements act as solar collectors, photovoltaic modules, or water heating elements and are coupled together along the roof ridge via linkages allowing the weight of the panels on either side of the ridge to be counter-balanced, with each panel lying parallel to the roof surface. Pref. the panels on the south side of the roof are provided by solar collectors, while those on the north side of the roof are provided by storage batteries, high capacity capacitors and/or water storage or heat exchanger elements.

Description

The invention is directed to a device for fastening production of flat components of a solar energy system on or on flat surfaces with preferably together the stackable, frame-shaped mounting elements for mounting one component each of the solar energy system.

The attachment of solar panels on house roofs So far, calls for considerable renovation work on the roof that many homeowners due to the high Installation costs depend on the use of solar energy be frightened. The main invention is looking for here Remedy that about equally heavy components of the solar energy system on different sides of the The roof of the house is arranged and connected across the ridge be so that the downhill forces against each other act and for a tight fit of the solar panels at least in the area of the roof ridge, so that none there additional fastening devices are necessary. On this success-reducing effect of the main invention must be seen in the fact that even with such Construction of the solar panels in the lower area of the Roof need to be anchored to loosen the solar com components at high wind speeds and / or with doors exclude men. For this was in the main invention as before screwing solar collectors with single rafters required. However, this has - in particular the other with arched roof tiles such as "monk and nun", tile or hollow pans, the disadvantage that at the festival  screw the solar panels perpendicular to the roof surface running contact forces on the partially self-supporting Roof tiles are exercised, causing individual shattering Roof tiles can hardly be excluded.

The invention therefore aims at the fastening technology of the to ver individual components of the solar energy system improve that, on the one hand, if possible, no injury to the Roof skin is required, and on the other hand no high standards press forces act on the roof skin, so that the roof tile gel are not subjected to excessive stress.

To solve this problem, the invention provides a starting point of a generic fastening device, before that wires parallel to the plane concerned are, which in corresponding recesses of the Montageele elements are inserted to fix them. As a result of the stabi len, preferably made of metal wires can Parallel alignment of the flat solar components on one Roof area without additional screwing with the Roof structure can be guaranteed so that the inclined surfaces roofs remain completely unharmed and a Damage to the roof tiles is excluded. The invent Fixing wires according to the invention can be attached to the respective Length and pitch of each roof can be easily adjusted, so that such a fastening device is highly uni is universally applicable.

For roofs, the wires are in the area of the eaves Anchored roof structure so as not to injure the roof skin. For this purpose, the roof is on the front of the eaves rafter anchoring elements attached, especially ver hammered in using a pen similar to a large nail From the rear end of such a ver  anchoring element protrudes approximately a flag-like tab right up over the roof skin. This flag is in yours upper area with an eyelet for hanging one or more wire provided, which from here approx a constant distance over the roof skin (tension).

To an undesired relative movement of individual solar columns To avoid lecturers in the event of gusts of wind or the like, the fastening wires according to the invention to be taut. For this purpose, clamping elements serve to facilitate the Tensioning are arranged in the area of the eaves. For Reduction of the installation effort can also be provided hen be a tensioning element with an anchoring element integrate.

In the case of gable roofs, it has proven to be favorable that the Wires from a eaves over the ridge to are stretched to the opposite eaves. Preferential for this purpose the wires are guided over webs which support yourself on the ridge beam. As a result of the compen sation of the downhill forces of the attached solar compo elements act on the ridge beams via the webs finally vertical forces, which one of these easily can pass on to the roof structure.

By attaching the ridges to the rear to secure the webs passes through appropriate fastening pins, wood screw ben and / or engagement elements is pierced is a Removing roof tiles is unnecessary, and the installation the webs according to the invention can with a minimum of Ar be made.

No rainwater on the pierced ridge tiles can penetrate is according to the invention in this area  Cover provided, which is fixed to the web in question can be placed. This cover surrounds the ridge tiles at some distance in the form of an inverted gutter and can be placed on the top row of regular roof tiles to sit. The attachment is preferably done by snap onto one or more bridges.

The tension wires according to the invention bring back in particular holding forces, which take off and a lateral Counteract displacement of the solar panels. To one Fixation of the solar panels in the longitudinal direction of the wires can make on the outside of the invention Covering the ridge tile elements for hanging Mon Tag elements be arranged.

The invention further provides that the solar panel gates in approximately rectangular, frame-shaped mounting elements are included, such a mounting frame at least on two opposite sides as a hollow profile is formed, the cavity as a shaft for receiving the Fastening wires is used. By the tension wires of such measured by a completely closed outer side take the mounting frame are threaded through a particularly intimate connection, and the mounting frame can withstand even the greatest mechanical stress do not detach from the tensioned wires. This on Delivery shafts can also be used to pull in electrical connection lines of the solar collectors, of Connecting hoses for hot water collectors, Lightning arrester grounding, antenna cables, electrical cables for Outdoor lights or the like can be used. For these purposes there may also be several parallel cable ducts, z. B. at lightning strikes not the solar system can be damaged.  

To the subsequent, electrical wiring and / or Ver pipe of the Son used in the assembly elements To be able to carry out collector collectors comfortably is fiction according further provided that the top of the frame hollow Profiles at least partially as a removable cover is designed. The fixing of such a cover can For example, by means of a snap mechanism, so that no tools at all are required for attachment. If the lid is a removable upper running all around part is trained, it is possible to use tops with un to produce different colors and thus the Mon day elements optically match the color of the roof to be covered adapt.

The mounting elements according to the invention can be used on several Pages elements, e.g. hooks to attach to / from others Have mounting elements and / or on the ridge cover. It is also possible to have adjacent assembly elements completely push together and by means of an or of several, mutually aligned holes in each other the front face of the machine screws / threaded element connections immovable fix each other. However, the invention sees one additional mounting option in the form of a be above prescribed cover, which ver is widened that he simultaneously adjoins two Mounting elements overlaps. If such a cover for connecting two along the sloping roof arranged mounting elements is used, it is for Improve the drainage of rainwater beneficial if the widened lid from a tab of the upper mon day element is partially covered, the adjacent Be  range of the lower mounting element, however, over itself covers.

The assembly elements according to the invention can preferably be is already in stable packaging during transport can be used for the sensitive solar modules or the like and this directly from production to the final month days and constantly provide protection for operation. Here is a further advantage that the assembly elements according to the invention are stackable on top of each other and thus in the simplest way Way can be summarized into larger units.

Another advantage is that the inventions inventive assembly elements made of plastic who can because the material is very weatherproof stable and on the other hand is relatively light, so that even if the wire tension decreases damage to the roof skin is to be feared. Unless as Plastic is a connectable plastic of the garbage return is currently used, so can recycling art substances are used in an extremely sensible way will.

Furthermore, the invention provides that the mounting elements in two, a maximum of three directly next to each other the columns are arranged so that at regular intervals lead to the unoccupied roof areas for laying ladders ben. As a result, the installation, commissioning, war maintenance and repair of the solar energy system to that extent easier tert, as a worker at any time and without expensive, free supporting special conductors all solar panels of the So lardachs can reach. If still in the area of empty space between two assembly elements Columns of roof hooks are provided to the above  standard at any time ladders placed on the roof and by hanging on the Roof hooks are secured against sliding down.

While predominantly an arrangement on gable roofs is selected in which the individual assembly elements approximately are aligned parallel to the roof skin Flat roofs, especially garage roofs, he benefits aim that beef so two assembly elements to each other Stigt that they are at their contact edge an angle include with each other. This makes it possible to do one align the two assembly elements exactly to the south, and in this assembly element, for example, a photovoltaic module to arrange the efficiency of which is maximized in this way, while the other mounting element facing north For example, may contain energy storage elements. Such, in Shape of a triangle "leaning against" assembly elements can either with their riot edges in the invent befe form according to the invention on parallel wires be increased over the entire flat roof area are tense; in addition, it is also possible to go through to guide these edges of the assembly elements a wire and to connect its ends together. By the two Then separate the assembly elements as far as possible be spread, this wire tensions and now fulfills also the fastening function according to the invention, esp especially if he is, for example, by stones or the like sword.

More details, features and benefits based on the invention will become apparent from the following description some preferred embodiments of the invention as well based on the drawing. This shows in:  

Fig. 1 a house roof constriction device having an inventive Fixed To, wherein by way of example a solar collector is mounted;

FIG. 2 shows a section through FIG. 1 along the line II-II;

. Fig. 3 is a section through Figure 2 along the line III-III;

FIG. 4 shows an illustration corresponding to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 shows an entire roof area, covered with solar panels, which are included in assembly elements according to the invention;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the detail VI of Figure 5, seen perpendicular to the roof skin and rod in an enlarged scale.

Fig. 7 is a section through Figure 6 along the line VII-VII. such as

Fig. 8 further use of Montageele elements according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, for understanding the principle of effectiveness of the fastening device 1 according to the invention only those components are shown which are necessary for fixing a single solar panel 2 on the roof skin 3 of a house 4 . As Fig. 2 shows even more clearly, for this purpose two wires 5 , 6 above the roof skin 3 from one eaves 7 to the ridge 8 and over this to the opposite eaves 9 ge. In order to relieve the ridge tiles 10 , the wires 5 , 6 are supported in the area of the roof ridge 8 on web elements 11 , which are anchored to the ridge beam 12 of the roof structure 13 .

The webs 11 extend in the longitudinal direction of the roof ridge 8 and are provided in the region of their end faces 14 with nail-like pins 15 that run vertically downwards for driving into the ridge beam 12 . In order to enable a de-like anchoring of the webs 11 , the ridge tiles 16 are pierced in their uppermost point 17 ; the holes 18 have the same distance as the pins 15 egg Nes web 11 , so that such a web 11 with its pins 15 through the holes 18 through the ridge beam 12 can be nailed without the ridge tile 16 increase. The web 11 is driven so far into the ridge beam 12 that a narrow space 19 remains between the underside of the web 20 and the pierced ridge tile 16 , and this tile is therefore completely unloaded.

So that the wires 5 , 6 cannot slide off the webs 11 as a result of strong gusts of wind acting on the solar collector 2 , they are provided with bores 21 for threading a wire 5 each.

The web 11 shown in Fig. 4 'differs from the web 11 acc. Figs. 1 to 3 only as regards the elements for attachment to the ridge beam 12. Here, after drilling 18 of the roof tile gel 16 , wood screws 22 are first screwed into the ridge beam 12 . The head 23 of the screws 22 is provided with an external hexagon, onto which an approximately nut-like counter element 24 of the web 11 'is then placed. Splitting of the ridge beam 12 is avoided here, and the web element 11 is nonetheless immovable in the horizontal plane and is also secured against tipping. A vertical fixing is not necessary due to the contact forces of the tension wires 5 .

Anchoring elements 25 serve to anchor the tensioning wires 5 , 6 in the area of the eaves 7 , 9 . This white sen a nail-like pin 26 with a length of about 10 to 20 cm, which is hammered into the eaves-side end face 27 of a rafter 28 to fix the anchoring element 25 on the roof structure 13 . In the area of its rear end 29 a flag-like ra dial projecting outward tab 30 is arranged on the pin 26 . When hitting the pin 26 in the rafters 28 that is rotated so that the flag-like tab 30 protrudes upwards in an approximately vertical plane. The tab 30 has such a length that its free end 31 is located above an inclined surface spanned by the roof skin 3 . Just in the area of this free end 31 , the tab 30 is seen with an eyelet 32 for hanging a tension wire 5 ver.

In order to be able to tension the wires 5 , 6 , the same are cut apart in the area of a eaves 7 and thereby divided into two sections 5 a, 5 b. The free ends 33 a, 33 b are attached to rear eyelets 34 a, 34 b each of a threaded bolt 35 a, 35 b. The two threaded bolts 35 a, 35 b have opposite thread pitch and are screwed into aligned end-side bores of an elongated rotating element 36 . For tensioning the wire 5 a, the rotary element 36 is ro roiert about its longitudinal axis that both setscrews 35 a, 35 b screw into the same.

As FIGS. 2 and 3 further show, a cover 37 is provided to cover the bores 18 in the ridge tiles 16 , which covers the ridge tiles 16 together with the webs 11 on the upper side. The cover 37 can be produced, for example, by cover elements 38 lined up, the length of which corresponds approximately to the width of one solar collector 2 each. The individual cover elements 38 have approximately the shape of an inverted channel, the free longitudinal edges 39 of which rest on the top row of regular roof tiles 40 . To fasten these cover elements 38 , tabs 44 , which protrude from the inside 42 and are provided with a longitudinal slot 43 , are used along the axis of symmetry 41 . The free longitudinal edges 45 of the two tab halves 44 are provided with einan the facing locking lugs 46 . This makes it possible to set the cover elements 38 on the ridge 8 in such a way that the web elements 11 engage in the longitudinal slot 43 of the tabs 44 , to the extent that the locking lugs 46 engage under the underside 20 of each web 11 .

The cover 38 may be of the hood-shaped gebo genes Ridge element 72 of the main patent application 49 may be verse hen with web-like fasteners 48 for mounting a mounting member according to the invention on its outer side 47 similarly. The mounting elements 49 are similar to the main invention of a frame-like construction, in which a solar panel 2 can be used. As with the main invention, the frame 50 is also designed as a hollow profile with a circumferential cavity 51 . In addition, openings 55 for threading the tension wires 5 , 6 are provided on the face 52 facing the roof ridge 8 and on the face 53 facing the eaves 7 , 9 in the region of the corners 54 of the frame 50 . As far as the wires 5 , 6 are drawn into the shaft-shaped cavities 51 and then tensioned by means of the rotating elements 36 , the relevant mounting elements 49 can at most still move in the longitudinal direction of the wires 5 , 6 . In order to exclude this, still remaining possibility of movement, 49 fastening elements 56 , 57 are provided on the upper end face 52 and on the lower end face 53 of each Mon element 49 . Hi erbei are in the embodiment. Fig. 2 arranged on the top 52 hook-shaped elements 56 which can be hung in the horizontal webs 48 of the cover members 38 or in corresponding horizontal webs 57 of another Mon day element 49 .

As Fig. 5 shows, are thus lower a number from Monday members 49 to form a solar roof and ne arranged next to one another. However, according to the inven tion does not occupy the entire roof with assembly elements 49 , but it is left at intervals of about two assembly elements 49 unoccupied gaps 58 which serve to place conventional conductors on the roof skin 3 . To hang such conductors 58 roof hooks 59 are arranged in the first side area of the spaces. This makes it possible for tradespeople to reach all solar panels 2 for installation, commissioning, maintenance and repair work at any time, even without expensive special conductors.

In particular when commissioning a solar roof, it is necessary to connect all solar panels 2 to a central energy collection system. Here, the ent speaking, electrical connecting cables of photovoltaic modules or connecting hoses of hot water collectors in the shaft-shaped cavities 51 of the Montagerah men 49 laid and thus led up to the ridge-side cover 37 , where they are connected to manifolds 60 , which are in the cavity between Cover 37 and roof tiles 16 run along ridge 8 .

In order to be able to carry out this wiring or piping conveniently, the invention further provides that at least parts of the mounting frame 50 are designed as removable covers 61 . Such a cover 61 is shown in Fig. 6 in plan view and in Fig. 7 in cross section ben. One recognizes that the cover 61 does not only cover a single mounting element 49 , but a total of four mounting frames 50 adjoining one another. This has the advantage of additional stabilization of the solar roof. Since the cover 61 can be removed for mounting the frame 50 , it is possible to fix adjacent mounting elements 49 by machine screws 62 to each other. As a result, it keeps the entire construction with a high degree of rigidity. After completing the cabling work, the lid 61 can be put on, with mutually complementary latching noses 63 , 64 and grooves 65 , 66 forming a snap mechanism which can be operated very easily. In order to obtain a construction that is as watertight as possible, 50 tabs 67 are formed in the lower region of the first assembly side of the cover 61 , under which the cover 61 is pushed when it is put on. On the other hand, the Dec angle 61 partially covers the mounting frame 50 on the eaves side, so that the shafts 51 are kept free of rainwater.

According to a further aspect of the invention, not shown in the drawing, the underside of the mounting frame 50 can be curved convexly or concavely in the area of the vertical shafts 51 so that the mon day elements 49 can engage in appropriately curved roof tiles (hollow tile) and thereby are additionally protected against lateral displacement.

As shown in FIG. 8, the webs 11 can be dispensed with on flat base surfaces, in particular flat roofs. There it is possible to connect two assembly elements 49 according to the invention in an articulated manner to one another on each side, to set them up in the form of a triangle and to connect the lower edges with one another by a horizontally circumferential tension wire 69 .

Claims (28)

1. Device for fastening flat components ( 2 ) of a solar energy system on or on flat surfaces, in particular on roofs, over walls and fences, as well as for free installation in a triangular shape on flat roofs and areas not used for agriculture, with preferably side-by-side, frame-shaped mounting elements ( 49 ) for receiving one component ( 2 ) each of the solar energy system, characterized in that approximately parallel wires ( 5 , 6 ) are tensioned to the plane in question, which wires in corresponding recesses ( 51 ), in particular channels, of the mounting elements ( 49 ) are inserted. 2. Device according to claim 1 for roofs, in particular saddle or flat roofs, characterized in that the wires ( 5 , 6 ) are anchored approximately in the area of the eaves ( 7 , 9 ) on the roof structure ( 13 ). 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the wires ( 5 , 6 ) are attached to anchoring elements ( 25 ) which are fixed to the eaves-side end faces ( 27 ) of the rafters ( 28 ). 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the anchoring elements ( 25 ) have one or more pins ( 15 ) for driving into the end faces ( 27 ) of the rafters ( 28 ). 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the anchoring elements ( 25 ) have a fah NEN-like tab ( 30 ) which rises above the roof skin ( 3 ) and in its upper region with egg ner eyelet ( 32 ) Hooking one or more wires ( 5 , 6 ) is provided. 6. Device according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that for each wire ( 5 , 6 ) a clamping element ( 33 a- 35 a, 33 b- 35 b, 36 ) is present, which is approximately in the range Eaves ( 7 , 9 ) is located. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the clamping element is integrated with an anchoring element ( 25 ). 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims for gable roofs, characterized in that the wires ( 5 , 6 ) from an eaves ( 7 ) over the roof first ( 8 ) to the opposite eaves ( 9 ) are stretched. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the wires ( 5 , 6 ) over webs ( 11 ; 11 ') are guided, which are supported on the ridge beam ( 12 ). 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the webs ( 11 ; 11 ') with holes ( 21 ) for threading the wires ( 5 , 6 ) are provided. 11. The device according to claim 9 or 1 0, characterized in that the webs ( 11 ) with underside pins ( 15 ) are provided for driving into the ridge beam ( 12 ). 12. The apparatus of claim 9 or 10, characterized in that on the top of the ridge beam ( 12 ) wood screws ( 22 ) are screwed in, on the heads ( 23 ) of the webs ( 11 ') with complementary, arranged on their underside engaging elements ( 24 ) are fixed. 13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the ridge tile ( 16 ) for passing through the pins ( 15 ), wood screws ( 22 ) and / or a handle elements ( 24 ) are pierced. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the pierced ridge tiles ( 16 ) are provided with a cover ( 38 ) for protection against the ingress of rainwater, which is fixed to the relevant web ( 11 ; 11 '). 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the cover ( 38 ) has approximately the shape of an inverted trough which surrounds the ridge tile ( 16 ) at a distance and sits on the top row of re gular roof tiles ( 40 ). 16. The apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that on the outside ( 47 ) of the cover ( 38 ) elements ( 48 ) for attaching mounting elements ( 49 ) are arranged. 17. Device according to one of the preceding claims with approximately rectangular mounting elements ( 49 ), characterized in that the recesses ( 51 ) for inserting fastening wires ( 5 , 6 ) run parallel to two opposite longitudinal sides of the mounting elements ( 49 ). 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the frame ( 50 ) of the mounting elements ( 49 ) is formed at least on two opposite sides as a hollow profile, the cavity ( 51 ) serves as a shaft for receiving the fastening wires ( 5 , 6 ). 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that in the region of the frame corners ( 54 ) openings ( 55 ) for passage of the fastening wires ( 5 , 6 ) are provided. 20. The apparatus of claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the top of the frame hollow profile ( 49 , 50 ) is at least partially designed as a removable cover ( 61 ). 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the removable cover ( 61 ) by means of a snap mechanism ( 63-66 ) on the body of the frame ( 49 , 50 ) is releasably attached. 22. The apparatus of claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the cover ( 61 ) is widened such that it overlaps two adjacent mounting elements ( 49 ) and defines the same to each other. 23. The device according to claim 22 for connecting two mounting elements ( 49 ) arranged one below the other along the roof slope ( 3 ), characterized in that the cover ( 61 ) for improving the outflow of rainwater from a tab ( 67 ) of the upper mounting element ( 49 ) is covered, however, the adjacent areas of the lower mounting element ( 49 ) uncovered itself. 24. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on two mutually opposite sides ( 52 , 53 ) of the mounting elements ( 49 ) elements ( 56 , 57 ; 62 ) for attaching to / from further mounting elements ( 49 ) and / or are present on the ridge cover ( 38 ). 25. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mounting element ( 49 ) on two adjacent, mutually parallel wires ( 5 , 6 ) is fastened in parallel orientation to the flat surface be. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the mounting elements ( 49 ) are each arranged in two, a maximum of three adjacent columns, so that unoccupied areas ( 58 ) for walking and / or laying on conductors remain ben. 27. The apparatus according to claim 26 for gable roofs, characterized in that roof hooks ( 59 ) for hanging conductors are arranged in the region of the unoccupied inter mediate space ( 58 ) between two mounting element columns. 28. Device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that a mounting element ( 49 ) on one side on a wire ( 5 , 6 ), on the opposite side on a further mounting element ( 49 ) is fastened such that the include two coupled Mon day elements ( 49 ) at their contact edge a Win angle with each other.