DE4437322A1 - Motor brake in a driver-controlled vehicle with electric motor - Google Patents
Motor brake in a driver-controlled vehicle with electric motorInfo
- Publication number
- DE4437322A1 DE4437322A1 DE4437322A DE4437322A DE4437322A1 DE 4437322 A1 DE4437322 A1 DE 4437322A1 DE 4437322 A DE4437322 A DE 4437322A DE 4437322 A DE4437322 A DE 4437322A DE 4437322 A1 DE4437322 A1 DE 4437322A1
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- brake
- driver
- braking effect
- electric motor
- motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
- B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
- B60W50/085—Changing the parameters of the control units, e.g. changing limit values, working points by control input
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Motorbremse bei einem fahrerge steuerten Fahrzeug mit Elektromotor, der als Generator ge schaltet als Bremse mit definierter Bremswirkung dient.The invention relates to an engine brake in a Fahrerge controlled vehicle with an electric motor, the ge as a generator switches as a brake with a defined braking effect.
Bei Elektrofahrzeugen und Hybridfahrzeugen im Elektrobetrieb existiert keine Motorbremse wie bei Fahrzeugen mit Verbren nungskraftmaschinen. Da im Schiebebetrieb des Fahrzeuges, z. B. an Gefällstrecken oder beim Zurollen auf eine rote Am pel, eine stärkere Verzögerung als das einfache Rollen des Fahrzeuges häufig erwünscht ist, muß bei diesen Fahrzeugen häufiger das Bremspedal benutzt werden. Dieses verursacht ein Aufleuchten der Bremslichter, wodurch der nachfolgende Verkehr verunsichert wird.For electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles in electric operation there is no engine brake as in vehicles with combustion power machines. Since the vehicle is in overrun, e.g. B. on slopes or when rolling towards a red Am pel, a greater delay than simply rolling the Vehicle is often desired, must with these vehicles the brake pedal is used more often. This causes one The brake lights come on, causing subsequent traffic is unsettled.
Eine Verbesserung wird mit einem Motorbremsschalter erreicht, der den Elektromotor als Generator, z. B. zum Aufladen der Batterie, schaltet und hierdurch eine Motorbremse ähnlich der bei Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungskraftmaschinen simuliert. Hier bei wird die kinetische Energie des Fahrzeuges in elektrische umgewandelt und das Fahrzeug etwas stärker verzögert als im reinen Rollbetrieb, ohne daß die Bremslichter aufleuchten. Der Motorbremsschalter gibt ein definiertes Bremsmoment vor, das ein fahrzustandsabhängig vorprogrammierter Wert sein kann. Die definierte Bremswirkung kann dabei von der Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeuges, von der Drehzahl des Elektromotors und/oder vom eingelegten Gang abhängig sein, wobei auch diese Abhängigkeit vorgegeben festgelegt ist. Die definierte Bremswirkung kann außerdem auch ansteigend erreicht werden, d. h., daß sie in ihrer Wirkung ansteigend zugeschaltet wird, um einen möglichst hohen Fahrkomfort zu erreichen. Bei Fahrten, insbesondere an abschüssigen Bergstrecken, kann es nun vorkommen, daß die Bremswirkung, die durch Betätigen des Motorbremsschalters er reicht wird, nicht den Bedürfnissen des Fahrers entspricht. Er wird hier entweder nur über das Bremspedal die Geschwindigkeit regeln oder durch häufiges Ein- und Ausschalten der Elektromo torbremse.An improvement is achieved with an engine brake switch, the electric motor as a generator, for. B. to charge the Battery, switches and thereby an engine brake similar to that simulated in vehicles with internal combustion engines. Here at the kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted into electrical converted and the vehicle decelerated slightly more than in pure rolling operation without the brake lights lighting up. Of the Motor brake switch specifies a defined braking torque that can be a preprogrammed value depending on the driving condition. The Defined braking effect can depend on the speed of the Vehicle, the speed of the electric motor and / or selected gear may be dependent, this also being dependent is predetermined. The defined braking effect can can also be achieved in an increasing manner, d. that is, in their effect is switched on increasing in order to get one as possible to achieve high driving comfort. When driving, especially on downhill mountain routes, it can now happen that the Braking effect by operating the engine brake switch is sufficient, does not meet the needs of the driver. He the speed is either only via the brake pedal regulate or by switching the Elektromo on and off frequently gate brake.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Motorbremse für ein fahrergesteuertes Fahrzeug mit Elektromotor zu schaffen, die den Bedürfnissen unterschiedlicher Fahrer und unterschied lichen Situationen, wie Fahren an abschüssigen Bergstrecken, gerecht wird.The object of the present invention is an engine brake for to create a driver-controlled vehicle with an electric motor, which the needs of different drivers and different situations, such as driving on sloping mountain routes, justice.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Motorbremse der eingangs be schriebenen Art gelöst mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1.This task is at the beginning of an engine brake written type solved with the characteristics of the characteristic Part of claim 1.
Erfindungsgemäß hat das Fahrzeug eine Elektromotorbremse, die eine definierte Bremswirkung hat, die-jedoch in ihrer Wirkung vom Fahrer bewußt veränderbar ist, d. h., daß der Fahrer ins besondere im Fahrbetrieb, ggf. aber auch im Stand, die Brems wirkung des Elektromotors neu definieren kann, um beim Zu schalten der Elektromotorbremse gemäß seinen Wünschen eine stärkere oder schwächere Bremswirkung zu erreichen. So kann z. B. beim Befahren von Bergstrecken die definierte Bremswir kung auf einen hohen Wert eingestellt werden, um an abschüssi gen Bergstrecken eine entsprechend hohe Elektrobremswirkung zu haben. Ebenso können sportliche Fahrer die definierte Brems wirkung auf einen hohen Wert setzen, um beim Wegnehmen des Fußes vom Gaspedal sofort eine verhältnismäßig hohe Elektro bremswirkung zu haben. Erfindungsgemäß ist also die definierte Bremswirkung des als Generator geschalteten Elektromotors in dividuell, d. h. fahrerbedingt und/oder fahrstreckenbedingt einstellbar und/oder programmierbar. Diese Art von Motorbremse ist grundsätzlich in allen fahrergesteuerten Fahrzeugen mit Elektromotor einsetzbar. Insbesondere erfolgt der Einsatz in nicht schienengebundenen Fahrzeugen, wie z. B. in Elektromobi len, Elektrorollern (Zweirädern) und besonders vorteilhaft in Hybridfahrzeugen. Hierbei ist der Einsatz in Parallel-Hybrid fahrzeugen besonders günstig, da diese Fahrzeuge durch die Möglichkeit des Betriebes mit einem Verbrennungsmotor im Fahr verhalten auch einem nur verbrennungsmotorangetriebenen Fahr zeug ähnlich sein sollen. Parallel-Hybridfahrzeuge sind Fahr zeuge, die entweder mittels einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine oder mittels eines Elektromotors angetrieben werden.According to the invention, the vehicle has an electric motor brake that has a defined braking effect, but its effect is deliberately changeable by the driver, d. that the driver ins especially when driving, but possibly also when stationary, the brakes effect of the electric motor can be redefined in order to switch the electric motor brake according to his wishes to achieve stronger or weaker braking effect. So can e.g. B. when driving on mountain routes the defined Bremswir be set to a high value to prevent against mountain routes a correspondingly high electric braking effect to have. Sporty drivers can also use the defined brake effect to a high value in order to remove the Foot of the accelerator immediately a relatively high electric to have a braking effect. According to the invention is the defined one Braking effect of the electric motor connected as a generator in individually, d. H. driver-related and / or route-related adjustable and / or programmable. That kind of engine brake is always included in all driver-controlled vehicles Electric motor can be used. In particular, it is used in non-rail vehicles, such as B. in Elektromobi len, electric scooters (two-wheelers) and particularly advantageous in Hybrid vehicles. Here is the use in parallel hybrid vehicles particularly cheap because these vehicles through the Possibility of operation with an internal combustion engine while driving also behave when driving only with an internal combustion engine stuff should be similar. Parallel hybrid vehicles are driving witness either by means of an internal combustion engine or driven by an electric motor.
Auch beim Einsatz einer einstellbaren und/oder programmierba ren Bremswirkung ist es vorteilhaft, wenn diese fahrzustandab hängig vorprogrammiert ist, d. h., daß die Bremswirkung - wie oben beschrieben - entsprechend der Situation einen unter schiedlichen Wert haben kann, der jedoch vom Fahrer verändert werden kann. Diese vom Fahrer vornehmbare Veränderung der Bremswirkung wird vorteilhaft in Grenzen vorgegeben. Einer seits sollen keine zu hohen Bremswirkungen durch den Fahrer einstellbar sein, da beim Einsatz der Motorbremse üblicher weise die Bremslichter nicht aufleuchten und zu hohe Verzöge rungen beim Einsatz der Elektromotorbremse die Fahrsicherheit beeinträchtigen. Andererseits ist es wenig sinnvoll, wenn die Bremswirkung soweit abgesenkt werden kann, daß sie vom Fahrer nicht mehr bewußt wahrgenommen werden kann. Aus diesem Grund ist es meist ausreichend, wenn von der stärksten Bremswirkung, die vom Fahrer festlegbar ist, eine Abregelung durch den Fah rer um bis zu 80% möglich ist. Even when using an adjustable and / or programmable Ren braking effect, it is advantageous if this driving state pending is pre-programmed, d. that is, the braking effect - like described above - according to the situation one under can have different values, but the driver changes them can be. This change that can be made by the driver Braking is advantageously specified within limits. One on the one hand, the driver should not have excessive braking effects be adjustable because it is more common when using the motor brake the brake lights do not light up and delays are too high safety when using the electric motor brake affect. On the other hand, it makes little sense if the Braking effect can be reduced so far that the driver can no longer be perceived consciously. For this reason it is usually sufficient if the strongest braking effect, which can be determined by the driver, a limitation by the driver up to 80% is possible.
Grundsätzlich sind zwei Möglichkeiten der Veränderung der de finierten Bremswirkung durch den Fahrer möglich, die beide ihre Vor- und Nacheile haben und auch miteinander kombinierbar sind. Zum einen kann die definierte Bremswirkung mit einem Stellglied vom Fahrer eingestellt werden. Im einfachsten Fall erfolgt dies über ein Potentiometer, dessen Stellrad vorteil haft in der Nähe des Lenkrads angeordnet ist. Gemäß der ande ren Möglichkeit wird die Bremswirkung durch Übernahme einer vom Fahrer vorgegebenen Bremswirkung programmiert. Dies er folgt vorteilhaft über die Fußbremse. Eine Kombination ist möglich, indem der Fahrer entweder durch Einstellung des Stellgliedes oder durch Programmierung die zuvor festgelegte definierte Bremswirkung verändert.There are basically two ways of changing the de Finished braking effect possible by the driver, both have their advantages and disadvantages and can also be combined are. On the one hand, the defined braking effect can be achieved with a Actuator can be set by the driver. In the simplest case this is done via a potentiometer, the setting wheel of which is advantageous is located near the steering wheel. According to the other Ren braking is possible by adopting a programmed braking effect specified by the driver. This he follows advantageously via the foot brake. Is a combination possible by either setting the driver Actuator or by programming the previously defined defined braking effect changed.
Bei einer Programmierung der Bremswirkung über die Fußbremse ist eine Kombination aus bremspedalstellungabhängiger Genera torbremse und bremspedalstellungabhängiger mechanischer Bremse vorteilhaft, wobei die Generatorbremse der mechanischen Bremse vorgelagert ist. Beim Tritt auf das Bremspedal wird zuerst die Generatorbremse aktiviert und mit zunehmendem Bremspedaldruck vergrößert, bis zum Erreichen höherer Verzögerungswerte die mechanische Bremse sich zuschaltet. Der Fahrer kann hier vor teilhaft den Sollwert, den er durch Betätigung des Bremspedals im Bereich der Generatorbremse vorgibt, als definierte Brems wirkung neu festsetzen. Diese Festsetzung geschieht wieder insbesondere in Abhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeit, der Drehzahl und/oder des Ganges, wie sie oben beschrieben wird. Der vorge gebene Sollwert kann zum Beispiel durch Betätigung eines Ta sters übernommen werden.When programming the braking effect using the foot brake is a combination of genera depending on the brake pedal position Gate brake and mechanical brake depending on the brake pedal position advantageous, the generator brake of the mechanical brake is upstream. When you step on the brake pedal, the Generator brake activated and with increasing brake pedal pressure increases until the delay values are reached mechanical brake engages. The driver can go here part of the setpoint, which he by pressing the brake pedal specifies in the area of the generator brake as a defined brake redefine effect. This fixing happens again especially depending on the speed, the speed and / or the aisle as described above. The featured given setpoint can, for example, by pressing a Ta sters are taken over.
Der Vorteil der Einstellung der Bremswirkung mittels eines Stellgliedes ist der, daß der Fahrer die Bremswirkung in ein facher Weise zu höheren oder tieferen Werten verändern kann. Nachteilhaft ist, daß ein weiteres Bedienungselement im Be reich des Fahrers untergebracht werden muß. Die Programmierung kann auf weitere Bedienungselemente verzichten, da die Festle gung des neuen Wertes der Bremswirkung über den ohnehin schon vorhandenen Elektrobremsschalter und das Bremspedal erfolgen kann. Zur Umsetzung ist hierbei nur eine entsprechende Soft ware in der ohnehin schon vorhandenen Fahrzeugelektronik not wendig. Andererseits kann hierbei eine Veränderung der Brems wirkung nur durch erneuten Druck auf das Bremspedal und erneu ter Übernahme dieses Wertes mit dem Elektrobremsschalter er folgen, d. h. eine gezielte Variation dieses Wertes nach unten oder oben erfolgt vorteilhaft wieder über ein Stellglied. An dererseits erlaubt die programmierbare Veränderung der Brems wirkung verschiedene Varianten. So ist es beispielsweise vor teilhaft möglich, daß eine mittlere definierte Bremswirkung im Fahrzeug fest eingestellt ist, die entweder beim Einschalten der Zündung oder auch bei jedem Einsetzen der Elektromotor bremse aktiviert wird. Der Fahrer kann dann individuell für die Fahrt bzw. bei jedem Bremsvorgang (insbesondere bei ab schüssigen Bergstrecken) die definierte Bremswirkung neu fest setzen.The advantage of adjusting the braking effect using a Actuator is that the driver has the braking effect in one can easily change to higher or lower values. The disadvantage is that another control element in the loading driver's realm must be accommodated. The programming can do without additional controls because the Festle of the new value of the braking effect over the already existing electric brake switch and the brake pedal can. There is only a corresponding soft to implement this would be necessary in the already existing vehicle electronics agile. On the other hand, this can change the brake effect only by pressing the brake pedal again and renew After accepting this value with the electric brake switch following. H. a targeted variation of this value downwards or above is advantageously carried out again via an actuator. On on the other hand, the programmable change of the brake allows effect different variants. For example, it is partially possible that an average defined braking effect in Vehicle is fixed, either when switching on the ignition or every time the electric motor is inserted brake is activated. The driver can then individually for the journey or with every braking operation (especially with ab downhill mountain routes) redefine the defined braking effect put.
Die programmierbare Motorbremse erleichtert dem Fahrer eines Elektromobils oder eines Hybridfahrzeuges das Fahren insbeson dere an Gefällestrecken. Sie ist also eine Komfortsteigerung, dient aber auch der Vermeidung von Irritationen des nachfol genden Verkehrs durch zu häufig aufleuchtende Bremsleuchten.The programmable motor brake makes it easier for the driver Electric vehicles or a hybrid vehicle in particular other on slopes. So it's an increase in comfort, but also serves to avoid irritation of the successor traffic due to brake lights lighting up too often.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen und ei nem Ausführungsbeispiel näher beschrieben.The invention is based on drawings and egg NEM embodiment described in more detail.
Es zeigenShow it
Fig. 1 einen schematischen Aufbau der Motorbremse in einem Fahrzeug; und Figure 1 shows a schematic structure of the engine brake in a vehicle. and
Fig. 2 ein Kennliniendiagramm der Elek tromotorbremse. Fig. 2 is a characteristic diagram of the elec tromotor brake.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt eine programmierbare Elektromo torbremse in einem Parallel-Hybridfahrzeug 1. Am Bremspedal 2 ist ein Sollwertgeber 3 installiert, der einen Weg-proportio nalen Analogwert an eine Fahrzeugsteuerung 4 leitet. In der Fahrzeugsteuerung 4 sind Kennlinien abgelegt, aus denen je nach eingelegtem Gang und Motordrehzahl in Abhängigkeit vom eingelesenen Bremspedalwert ein Sollwert an eine Elektromotor steuerung 4a weitergeleitet wird. Die Elektromotorsteuerung 4a veranlaßt, daß die von Rädern 5 über ein Differential 6, ein Getriebe 7 auf einen Elektromotor 8 übertragene kinetische Energie in elektrische Energie umgewandelt und in eine Batte rie 9 geladen wird. Erst bei einem weiteren Druck auf das Bremspedal 2 wird das mechanische Bremssystem 10 aktiviert. Zur Erhöhung der Bremswirkung kann außerdem mit oder vor dem einsetzen der mechanischen Bremse 10 ein Verbrennungsmotor 11, der ebenfalls auf die Räder 5 wirkt, als weitere Motorbremse zugeschaltet werden. Beim Betätigen des Bremspedals 2 werden außerdem Bremslichter 12 eingeschaltet.The embodiment shows a programmable electromotor brake in a parallel hybrid vehicle 1 . On the brake pedal 2 , a setpoint generator 3 is installed, which directs a path-proportional analog value to a vehicle controller 4 . In the vehicle control system 4 characteristics are stored, from which, depending on the gear and the engine speed in dependence on the read-in brake pedal, a target value to an electric motor controller 4 a is forwarded. The electric motor control 4 a causes that of wheels 5 via a differential 6 , a transmission 7 to an electric motor 8 transmitted kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy and loaded into a battery 9 . Only when the brake pedal 2 is pressed again is the mechanical brake system 10 activated. To increase the braking effect, an internal combustion engine 11 , which also acts on the wheels 5 , can also be switched on as an additional engine brake with or before the mechanical brake 10 is used. When the brake pedal 2 is actuated, brake lights 12 are also switched on.
Die Programmierung der Elektromotorbremse erfolgt wie folgt:
Befindet sich das Fahrzeug 1 auf einer Gefällstrecke und rollt
es trotz nicht betätigten Gaspedals 13 zu schnell, kann ein
Fahrer 14, bevor er das Bremspedal 2 tritt, mit einem Elektro
bremsschalter 15 den Elektromotor 8 als Generator schalten.
Ist dem Fahrer die Bremswirkung des Elektromotors 8 zu gering,
wird er zwangsläufig das Bremspedal 2 betätigen. Dann ist die
elektrische Bremswirkung umso größer, je weiter das Bremspedal
2 gedrückt ist. Ist der Fahrer mit der erreichten Bremswirkung
zufrieden, dann drückt er erneut auf den Elektrobremsschalter
15 und der Bremssollwert wird festgehalten, auch wenn er das
Bremspedal 2 wieder losläßt.The electric motor brake is programmed as follows:
Is the vehicle 1 on a downhill slope and it rolls too quickly despite the accelerator pedal 13 not being actuated, a driver 14 can switch the electric motor 8 as a generator with an electric brake switch 15 before he presses the brake pedal 2 . If the driver's braking effect of the electric motor 8 is too low, he will inevitably press the brake pedal 2 . Then the electrical braking effect is greater the further the brake pedal 2 is pressed. If the driver is satisfied with the braking effect achieved, he presses the electric brake switch 15 again and the brake setpoint is held even if he releases the brake pedal 2 again.
Je nach gewünschter Realisierung kann die Programmierung der Elektromotorbremse entweder durch Ausschalten der Zündung oder durch erneutes Betätigen des Elektrobremsschalters 15, oder bereits durch Betätigen des Gaspedals 13 gelöscht werden. Depending on the desired implementation, the programming of the electric motor brake can be deleted either by switching off the ignition or by pressing the electric brake switch 15 again , or by pressing the accelerator pedal 13 .
Durch Wiederholen der Programmierung wird eine neuer Bremssoll wert als Bremswirkung des Elektromotors festgelegt. Beim Lö schen der Programmierung wird ein in der Steuerung 4 festge legter Wert der Bremswirkung aktiviert, so daß immer eine durchschnittlichen Fahrern oder durchschnittlichen Fahrten gerecht werdende Bremswirkung des Elektromotors zur Verfügung steht.By repeating the programming, a new brake target value is defined as the braking effect of the electric motor. When erasing the programming, a value defined in the controller 4 of the braking effect is activated, so that an average driver or average journeys that meet the braking effect of the electric motor is always available.
Fig. 2 zeigt in einem Diagramm die Abhängigkeit der Bremsver zögerung a von der Zeit t. Beim Einschalten der Elektromotor bremse durch Druck auf den Elektrobremsschalter 15 zum Zeit punkt x setzt in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl und des eingelegten Ganges die Bremsverzögerung entsprechend der Kurve 21 ein. Die Kurve 21 ist in der Elektromotorsteuerung 4a abgelegt und ist die Standardverzögerung. Mittels der oben beschriebenen Pro grammierung kann statt der Standardbremsverzögerung 21 inner halb der Grenzen a1 und a2 eine niedrigere Bremsverzögerung 22 oder höhere Bremswirkung 23 (beispielsweise) festgelegt wer den. Aus Komfortgründen wird hierbei gleichzeitig die Zeit spanne t1-3, die vom Zeitpunkt x bis zum Erreichen der ge wählten maximalen Bremsverzögerung vergeht, verändert. Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the dependence of the brake delay a on the time t. When you turn on the electric motor brake by pressing the electric brake switch 15 at the point x, the braking deceleration according to curve 21 sets in depending on the speed and the gear engaged. The curve 21 is stored in the electric motor control 4 a and is the standard deceleration. By means of the programming described above, instead of the standard braking deceleration 21, a lower braking deceleration 22 or a higher braking effect 23 (for example) can be defined within the limits a1 and a2. For reasons of comfort, the time period t1-3, which elapses from time x until the selected maximum braking deceleration is reached, is changed at the same time.
Claims (7)
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DE4437322A DE4437322B4 (en) | 1993-10-29 | 1994-10-19 | Engine brake in a driver-controlled vehicle with electric motor |
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DEP4336987.1 | 1993-10-29 | ||
DE4336987 | 1993-10-29 | ||
DE4437322A DE4437322B4 (en) | 1993-10-29 | 1994-10-19 | Engine brake in a driver-controlled vehicle with electric motor |
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DE4437322A1 true DE4437322A1 (en) | 1995-05-04 |
DE4437322B4 DE4437322B4 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
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