DE4427244A1 - Measuring physical and chemical parameters e.g. temp., resistance-conductivity or humidity, in building materials - Google Patents

Measuring physical and chemical parameters e.g. temp., resistance-conductivity or humidity, in building materials

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Publication number
DE4427244A1
DE4427244A1 DE19944427244 DE4427244A DE4427244A1 DE 4427244 A1 DE4427244 A1 DE 4427244A1 DE 19944427244 DE19944427244 DE 19944427244 DE 4427244 A DE4427244 A DE 4427244A DE 4427244 A1 DE4427244 A1 DE 4427244A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
temp
conductivity
humidity
measurement
transducer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19944427244
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German (de)
Inventor
Fritz Kohler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PROZESAUTOMATION KOHLER GmbH
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PROZESAUTOMATION KOHLER GmbH
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Priority to DE19944427244 priority Critical patent/DE4427244A1/en
Publication of DE4427244A1 publication Critical patent/DE4427244A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
    • G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
    • G01N27/07—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/12—Separate metal or non-separate or non-metal dowel sleeves fastened by inserting the screw, nail or the like
    • F16B13/124—Separate metal or non-separate or non-metal dowel sleeves fastened by inserting the screw, nail or the like fastened by inserting a threaded element, e.g. screw or bolt

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

The screw-probe (1) which fits into a plug (2) in a predrilled hole (3) in multi-layered building systems, such as floors or walls, integrates the sensors for measuring resistance, conductivity, temp. and moisture content at any chosen layer of the construction. It can be used in stone, concrete, cement or any similar construction substance. By the use of an integrated temp. sensor, the probe compensates automatically for this factor in taking measurements which are temp.-dependent. Consequently, results are accurate and reproducible. The probes are clean and simple to use, durable and reusable.

Description

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Meßwertgeber zur Messung von Parametern in Baustoffen, z. B. Temperatur, Widerstand, Leitfähigkeit oder Feuchte.The invention relates to a transducer for measuring parameters in Building materials, e.g. B. temperature, resistance, conductivity or humidity.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Beim Einsatz von Messungen an und in Stein- und Betonwänden, Stein- und Estrich- sowie Betonböden und -decken, ferner in Bauhölzern zur Feststellung bauphysikalischer und -chemischer Parameter fehlt es häufig bei der An- oder Einbringung von Meßwertgebern in die Konstruktionssubstanz an geeigneten Montagevoraussetzungen. Andererseits ist bei derartiger Aufgabenstellung immer eine oberflächenschlüssige Verbindung ohne Übergangswiderstände oder Lufteinschlüssen zu gewährleisten, um eine Meßwertverfälschung auszuschließen.When using measurements on and in stone and concrete walls, stone and screed as well as concrete floors and ceilings, also in timber for detection Building physics and chemical parameters are often missing in the attachment or Incorporation of sensors into the structure at suitable Installation requirements. On the other hand, with such a task there is always one surface connection without contact resistance or air pockets to ensure that measurement errors are excluded.

Am Markt bekannte Konstruktionen sind im Prinzip Nägel als Meßelektroden, die in die Baustoffe, sei es Holz, Mauerwerk, Beton oder andere geschlagen werden und damit z. B. Feuchte als Funktion der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit zu messen. Bei zu harten Baustoffen schlagen die Hersteller vor, Löcher zu bohren und die Löcher vor Einbringen der "Meßelektroden" mit einer leitfähigen Paste auszufüllen.Constructions known on the market are in principle nails as measuring electrodes, which are in the Building materials, be it wood, masonry, concrete or other are beaten and thus z. B. Measure moisture as a function of electrical conductivity. With too hard Building materials suggest the manufacturers to drill holes and the holes Filling in the "measuring electrodes" with a conductive paste.

Andere Konstruktionen werden als Anlegefühler bezeichnet und mit mehr oder weniger Erfolg reproduzierbar, je nachdem wie intensiv der Oberflächenkontakt mit dem Baustoff hergestellt wird, z. B. durch Kleben. Other constructions are called contact sensors and with more or less Success reproducible, depending on how intensive the surface contact with the Building material is manufactured, e.g. B. by gluing.  

Betrachtet man die elektrischen Belange der "Meßelektroden", so stellt man fest, daß die Sensoren nur mit Gleichspannung arbeiten, obwohl bekannt ist, daß dabei Polarisation als wesentlicher Meßfehler entsteht. Auch kann bei bekannten Meßgeräten dieser durch die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Leitfähigkeitswerte nur manuell kompensiert werden. Zwar ist bekannt, daß z. B. im Bereich industrieller Leitfähigkeitsmessungen in Wasser mit sogar höher frequenten Wechselspannungen gearbeitet und mit automatischer Temperaturkompensation gearbeitet wird, jedoch ist dies im Bereich der Baustoff-Feuchtesensoren hierzu keine adäquate Lösung zu finden.If one looks at the electrical concerns of the "measuring electrodes", one finds that the sensors only work with DC voltage, although it is known that this Polarization arises as an essential measurement error. Also in known measuring devices this is only done manually due to the temperature dependence of the conductivity values be compensated. It is known that, for. B. in the field of industrial Conductivity measurements in water with even higher frequency AC voltages worked and worked with automatic temperature compensation, but is this does not provide an adequate solution for this in the area of building material moisture sensors Find.

Problemproblem

Die bisherigen Lösungsansätze sind mit dem Problem behaftet, daß durch das Einschlagen nicht reproduzierbare Übergangswiderstände entstehen und auch bei Verwenden von Pasten die "Meßelektroden" nur bedingt reproduzierbare und verläßliche Messungen möglich sind, da bei selbst geringen Bewegungen auch hier die Übergangswiderstände variabel und somit die Meßergebnisse falsch sind.The previous approaches are fraught with the problem that Impact non-reproducible contact resistances arise and also at Using pastes the "measuring electrodes" are only partially reproducible and reliable measurements are possible, because even with small movements the Contact resistances are variable and therefore the measurement results are wrong.

Durch Integration der Sensoren in die Schraube eines Spreizdübels lassen sich diese bekannten Probleme beseitigen: Der Übergangswiderstand ist definierbar und reproduzierbar. Verbunden mit einer entsprechenden Montagevorschrift, die Spreizschraube mit einem definiertem Drehmoment anzuziehen, ergibt sich daraus eine sehr genaue Messung.By integrating the sensors into the screw of an expansion anchor, these can be Eliminate known problems: The contact resistance is definable and reproducible. Connected to a corresponding assembly instruction, the Tightening the expansion screw with a defined torque results in one very accurate measurement.

Erfindunginvention

Mit der Erfindung wird in den angegebenen Anwendungsfällen erreicht, daß ein Meßwertgeber, integriert in die Spreizschraube, in einen zuvor in die Bausubstanz über ein Bohrloch mit Standarddurchmesser eingebrachten Spreizdübel einen sauberen Verbund mit der Bausubstanz eingeht. Mechanische Beanspruchungen derartiger Verbindungen sind problemlos für die Dauerhaftigkeit der Montage ebenso wie für die hohe Qualität der Messung. Auch sichert die Erfindung im allgemeinen die Wiederverwertbarkeit des Meßwertgebers. Mit Integration eines Temperaturfühlers in die Spreizschraube kann eine Baustoff-Feuchtemessung mit einem entsprechenden Meßumformer auch die Temperaturkompensation automatisiert werden. Bei Verwendung von Wechselspannung kann auch der Polarisationsfehler vernachlässigbar klein gehalten werden.With the invention is achieved in the specified applications that a Transmitter, integrated in the expansion screw, in a previously in the building a drill hole with standard diameter inserted anchors  Compound with the building fabric. Mechanical stresses of such Connections are as easy for the durability of the assembly as for the high quality of measurement. The invention also generally secures the Recyclability of the transmitter. With the integration of a temperature sensor in the expansion screw can be used to measure the moisture content of a building material Transmitter and temperature compensation can be automated. At Using AC voltage can also cause polarization errors be kept negligibly small.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Fig. 1 bis 3 erläutert. Diese verdeutlichen:An embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. These illustrate:

Fig. 1 Meßwertgeber und Spreizdübel vor einer Montage zur oberflächennahen Messung, Fig. 1 transmitter and expansion anchor prior to mounting to the near-surface measurement,

Fig. 2 Meßwertgeber und Spreizdübel nach einer Montage zur oberflächennahen Messung, Fig. 2 transmitter and Expansion dowel according to an assembly for near-surface measurement,

Fig. 3 Meßwertgeber und Spreizdübel nach einer Montage zur Messung in tieferliegenden Materialschichten. Fig. 3 transmitter and expansion dowel after assembly for measurement in deeper material layers.

In den Figuren ist der Meßwertgeber 1 mit Spreizdübel 2, Bohrloch 3, Baustoff 4, z. B. Estrich, Dämmschicht 5 und Decke/Boden 6, z. B. Beton dargestellt.In the figures, the transmitter 1 with expansion plug 2 , borehole 3 , building material 4 , z. B. screed, insulation layer 5 and ceiling / floor 6 , z. B. Concrete shown.

Der Spreizdübel wird je nach Aufgabenstellung oberflächenbündig oder tieferliegend eingebracht, wobei dann über die Dicke der Zwischenschicht der Meßwertgeber mit einer Isolierhülse geschützt wird und dadurch eventuelle Fehlmessungen vermieden werden.Depending on the task, the expansion anchor is flush or lower introduced, the transducer then with the thickness of the intermediate layer an insulating sleeve is protected, thereby avoiding possible incorrect measurements will.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

3 Trockenlufttemperatur
4 Trockenluftfeuchte
5.1-5.X Trockenluft-Durchfluß
6.1-6.X Feuchtluft - rel. Luftfeuchte
7.1-7.X Feuchtluft - Temperatur
9-10 wahlweise repräsentative Baustoffeuchte 3 dry air temperature
4 dry air humidity
5.1-5. X dry air flow
6.1-6. X moist air - rel. Humidity
7.1-7. X Humid air temperature
9-10 optionally representative building material luminaire

Vorteilebenefits

Durch Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich folgende Vorteile:The following advantages result from using the method according to the invention:

Automatische Ermittlung der kürzest möglichen Trocknungszeit. Dies führt in der Regel zu einer Verkürzung der Einsatzzeiten der Trocknungsanlagen und somit zu einer volkswirtschaftlich wertvollen Einsparung beziehungsweise Schadensminderung bei der Behebung von Wasserschäden. Auch Störungen und Maschinenausfälle können somit frühestmöglich erkannt werden.Automatic determination of the shortest possible drying time. This usually results to shorten the operating times of the drying systems and thus to one economically valuable savings or damage reduction at Elimination of water damage. Malfunctions and machine failures can also occur be recognized as early as possible.

Die kontinuierliche Meßwerterfassung ermöglicht eine komplette Dokumentation über den gesamten Trocknungsverlauf, was im Sinne der Qualitätssicherung bisher so nicht möglich war. Dazu trägt auch die Verwendung von selbstüberwachenden Sensoren bei, so daß die bisherige Manipulierbarkeit durch manuelle, meßtechnische Erfassung vermieden wird.The continuous acquisition of measured values enables complete documentation on the entire drying process, which so far has not been the case in terms of quality assurance was possible. The use of self-monitoring sensors also contributes to this, so that the previous manipulability through manual, metrological recording is avoided.

Durch den Wegfall der bisher erforderlichen turnusmäßigen Meß-Einsätze kommt es durch den Wegfall der damit verbundenen PKW-Fahrten auch zu einer Reduzierung des Kfz-Schadstoffausstoßes respektive Verminderung der Umweltbelastung.By eliminating the previously required regular measuring inserts, it comes by eliminating the associated car journeys also to a reduction of vehicle pollutant emissions or reduction of environmental pollution.

Durch die Entkeimung auf die oben beschriebene Weise wird Folgeschäden wie Umwelt- und Gesundheitsschäden weitestgehend vorgebeugt.The disinfection in the manner described above will result in consequential damage such as Environmental and health damage largely prevented.

Claims (7)

1. Meßwertgeber zur Integration in Schrauben von Spreizdübeln für die oberflächennahe und tieferliegende Montage.1. Transducer for integration in screws of expansion anchors for the near-surface and deeper installation. 2. Meßwertgeber nach Anspruch 1, dessen Montageart eine ionisch saubere, von Übergangswiderständen freie Verbindung mit der Baumaterie sichert und damit eine hohe Qualität der Messung gewährleistet.2. Sensor according to claim 1, the type of mounting an ionically clean, of Contact resistance ensures a free connection with the building material and thus a high quality of the measurement guaranteed. 3. Meßwertgeber nach Anspruch 1-2, bei dessen Montage auf Hilfspasten verzichtet werden kann.3. Transducer according to claim 1-2, when it dispenses with auxiliary pastes can be. 4. Meßwertgeber nach Anspruch 1-3, dessen Montageart zu einer dauerhaften und mechanisch beanspruchbaren Messung führt.4. Sensor according to claims 1-3, the type of assembly to a permanent and mechanically loadable measurement leads. 5. Meßwertgeber nach Anspruch 1-4, der durch seine Montageart im allgemeinen wiederverwendbar bleibt.5. Transducer according to claim 1-4, which by its type of mounting in general remains reusable. 6. Meßwertgeber nach Anspruch 1-5, der durch Beaufschlagung mit Wechsel­ spannung Polarisationsfehler vermeidet.6. Transducer according to claim 1-5, by the application of change voltage avoids polarization errors. 7. Meßwertgeber nach Anspruch 1-6, der durch integrierten Temperaturfühler temperaturabhängige Meß-Parameter in Verbindung mit einer entsprechenden Elektronik den Temperaturfehler automatisch kompensieren kann.7. Transmitter according to claim 1-6, by the integrated temperature sensor temperature-dependent measurement parameters in connection with a corresponding one Electronics can automatically compensate for the temperature error.
DE19944427244 1994-08-03 1994-08-03 Measuring physical and chemical parameters e.g. temp., resistance-conductivity or humidity, in building materials Withdrawn DE4427244A1 (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924511A2 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-23 Steffen Kulp Apparatus for controlling respectively measuring the humidity content
WO1999064856A1 (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-16 Vaisala Oyj Method and device for measuring moisture in structural material
DE20205901U1 (en) 2002-04-16 2002-09-26 Fritzenwenger, Mathias, 83346 Bergen Device for moisture measurement of heated screeds
DE10318145B3 (en) * 2003-04-18 2004-11-18 Mathias Fritzenwenger Instrument measuring moisture in building materials, especially in screeds, includes embedded probe connected with instrument measuring resistance
WO2004102187A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-25 Ge Protimeter Plc Apparatus and method for measuring moisture content in concrete
WO2006014111A2 (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-02-09 Ian Conrad Holyoake Moisture detection in buildings with retro-fitted sensor
US7231815B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2007-06-19 Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. Relative humidity probe for concrete
US7658096B2 (en) * 2008-02-27 2010-02-09 Setra Systems, Inc. Humidity sensing apparatus
US8047056B2 (en) 2007-10-22 2011-11-01 Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. Moisture vapor probe
DE102012013930A1 (en) * 2012-07-16 2014-01-16 Trotec Gmbh & Co. Kg Measuring device for measuring moisture contents in e.g. gypsum walls of building, has electrodes provided longer than body so that measuring plungers reach into bore hole by actuating knob from inside of body at open end of body
CN103743496A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-23 清华大学 Method for testing temperature gradient in cement concrete pavement slab
CN103743893A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-23 清华大学 Gradient measuring method of humidity of cement concrete pavement slab
EP2751545A4 (en) * 2011-08-30 2015-09-02 Wiiste Oy Device, system and method for measuring moisture of structure material
WO2016078736A3 (en) * 2014-11-17 2016-07-28 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen Method for producing an electrode
FR3041758A1 (en) * 2015-09-29 2017-03-31 Commissariat Energie Atomique DEVICE AND METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING A GASEOUS ENTITY FLOW WITHIN A POROUS MEDIUM
DE102015116841A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Ingenieurbüro Tim Wissner und Kai Wissner GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter Kai Wissner, 69493 Hirschberg) Anchor and method for servicing a dowel joint between a dowel and a masonry wall
EP3290721A1 (en) * 2016-08-30 2018-03-07 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Distance sensor on anchor tip
CN110462228A (en) * 2017-03-27 2019-11-15 费希尔厂有限责任两合公司 The arragement construction and fixed system of anchor bolt in anchor hole
DE102023106811A1 (en) 2023-03-17 2024-09-19 Trotec Gmbh Moisture measuring system, in particular insulation layer moisture measuring system and measuring probe adapter, in particular insulation layer measuring probe adapter

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Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924511A3 (en) * 1997-12-19 2003-07-16 Steffen Kulp Apparatus for controlling respectively measuring the humidity content
EP0924511A2 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-23 Steffen Kulp Apparatus for controlling respectively measuring the humidity content
WO1999064856A1 (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-16 Vaisala Oyj Method and device for measuring moisture in structural material
DE20205901U1 (en) 2002-04-16 2002-09-26 Fritzenwenger, Mathias, 83346 Bergen Device for moisture measurement of heated screeds
DE10318145B3 (en) * 2003-04-18 2004-11-18 Mathias Fritzenwenger Instrument measuring moisture in building materials, especially in screeds, includes embedded probe connected with instrument measuring resistance
WO2004102187A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-25 Ge Protimeter Plc Apparatus and method for measuring moisture content in concrete
US7673501B2 (en) * 2004-08-02 2010-03-09 Ian Conrad Holyoake Moisture detection
WO2006014111A2 (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-02-09 Ian Conrad Holyoake Moisture detection in buildings with retro-fitted sensor
WO2006014111A3 (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-08-31 Ian Conrad Holyoake Moisture detection in buildings with retro-fitted sensor
AU2005267972B2 (en) * 2004-08-02 2011-03-24 Ian Conrad Holyoake Moisture detection in buildings with retro-fitted sensor
US7231815B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2007-06-19 Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. Relative humidity probe for concrete
US8047056B2 (en) 2007-10-22 2011-11-01 Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. Moisture vapor probe
US7658096B2 (en) * 2008-02-27 2010-02-09 Setra Systems, Inc. Humidity sensing apparatus
RU2602910C2 (en) * 2011-08-30 2016-11-20 Виисте Ой Device, system and method for measuring moisture of structure material
US9453792B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2016-09-27 Wiiste Oy Device, system and method for measuring moisture of structure material
EP2751545A4 (en) * 2011-08-30 2015-09-02 Wiiste Oy Device, system and method for measuring moisture of structure material
DE102012013930A1 (en) * 2012-07-16 2014-01-16 Trotec Gmbh & Co. Kg Measuring device for measuring moisture contents in e.g. gypsum walls of building, has electrodes provided longer than body so that measuring plungers reach into bore hole by actuating knob from inside of body at open end of body
CN103743893B (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-08-19 清华大学 A kind of Cement Concrete Pavement Slab humidity gradient method of testing
CN103743496B (en) * 2013-12-31 2016-08-17 清华大学 A kind of temperature gradient in cement concrete pavement slab method of testing
CN103743893A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-23 清华大学 Gradient measuring method of humidity of cement concrete pavement slab
CN103743496A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-23 清华大学 Method for testing temperature gradient in cement concrete pavement slab
WO2016078736A3 (en) * 2014-11-17 2016-07-28 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen Method for producing an electrode
FR3041758A1 (en) * 2015-09-29 2017-03-31 Commissariat Energie Atomique DEVICE AND METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING A GASEOUS ENTITY FLOW WITHIN A POROUS MEDIUM
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