DE4413551A1 - Heating device for heating church rooms, in particular small churches or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating device for heating church rooms, in particular small churches, chapels or the like, which has radiant heaters which are arranged under the seat of church pews and whose heat radiation is directed essentially towards the floor. In order to reduce the risk of fire and also to reduce the operating costs, it is proposed that the radiant heater (1) is formed in each case by an essentially closed radiator area (3) which extends in the longitudinal direction of the seat (2), is domed forwards towards the floor (8) and is made from a material of high thermal conductivity, preferably metal, and whose inner surface is loaded with heat by a heating element (6; 7), the space enclosed by the radiator area (3) being sealed off towards the lower area of the pew by a heat-insulating layer (4), and that the heating element (6; 7) has such a power rating that the surface temperature of the radiator area (3) does not exceed 60 DEG C. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a heating device for tempering Church spaces, especially small churches, chapels or the like, under the seat of pews has arranged radiant heaters, their heat radiation is essentially directed towards the ground.

Small churches with high quality facilities and worth full of buildings, celebration rooms and halls of cemeteries you can chapel with a church full-room air heater Neither equipment plant due to space and cost reasons still heat with reasonable operating costs. Especially for little used churches, especially if they are under Are listed and have valuable facilities, would be a full room heater for that rare use cases with regard to the ten relatively large temperature changes that can cause significant damage to the facilities, not justifiable.  

One has therefore tried to solve the problem by a so-called Solve electric chair heater. So far, have been electric infrared radiant heaters used with a heating element to which a reflector is assigned. Of the The heating element consists of a quartz tube in which a Heating coil runs. These heating rods usually have a nominal power of 4.5 W / cm and develop in operation very high surface temperatures. Such high temperature spotlights have a number of disadvantages. To the one also results in a high total connected load small churches whose stalls are equipped with such electrical Stool heaters equipped with high temperature radiators are. Another disadvantage is the high surface area temperature of the emitters to see the risk of accidents because in the past it has always been with such Electric chair heaters with high temperature radiators accidents have occurred, for example due to scorching Footwear, burned clothing or burn injuries from children. For example, in DE-U-89 10 492.7 described electric chair heating with high temperature spotlights indicated that the required protective grille heats up so high to secure the quartz heater that burns even when the protective grille is touched can occur and therefore special measures in the frame the lattice construction are proposed to be little here at least for the grid to come to a temperature decrease. However, this means the accident risks described above by no means cleared out. In addition, such Spotlights also adversely affect the entire church out. Since the church pews are usually on a wooden platform stands, it comes because of the high radiation temperature below the wooden planks to condensation, which leads to rotting processes. The wooden platforms wear out in half the usual time through the putrefaction process. In addition, due to the high surface temperature the heating rods the dust is very high and hence churches heated with these high-temperature lamps due to the dust smear in cooperation with the  Condensation on the cold walls very strong and get dirty very quickly.

The invention is based on the object, a heater direction of the type described at the outset to create the low in acquisition costs and operating costs through which the above-described accident hazards are eliminated and which also meet the requirements of the Monument protection in connection with the heating of a Church is enough.

This object is achieved according to the invention for a Heizeinrich device of the type mentioned in that the radiant heater each formed by a longitudinally extending in the seat surface, bulging against the floor, substantially closed radiator surface made of a material with high thermal conductivity, preferably metal is, the inner surface of which is acted upon by a heating element, the space enclosed by the radiator area being closed off from the lower surface of the bank by a heat insulation layer and that the heating element is designed in such a way that a surface temperature of the radiator surface of 60 ° C. is not exceeded. The heating element can in this case be formed by an element charged with hot water, the surface of which faces the room at the same time forms the radiator surface. However, an electrical resistance heating element is preferred, since this results in the lowest construction and operating costs. Limiting the maximum surface temperature of the radiator surface to 60 ° C results in a reduction in the connected load for the electrical resistance heating element to a value of, for example, 2.5 W / cm, that is to say a reduction in the connected load by almost half of the conventional electric heater heaters. By limiting the surface temperature to max. At 60 ° C, all dust is impossible. Due to the low temperatures there is no condensation under the wooden platform. By interposing the radiator surface between the heating element and the room, only a mild radiant heat in the form of long-wave heat rays is emitted to the room, which is also perceived as pleasant and comfortable in terms of thermal physiology. Another significant advantage results from the fact that the radiator surface is bulged against the floor. The term "bulge" in the sense of the present invention includes both radiator surfaces with a semicircular cross-section or generally my continuously curved contour, as well as a cross-sectionally polygonal contour. In the simplest embodiment, a polygonal cross - sectional contour can be formed by two flat radiator surfaces, which are arranged at an angle of, for example, 90 ° to each other, the apex area being directed towards the room floor and the side of the triangle formed in this way opposite the apex area through the bench bottom surface or the intermediate thermal insulation layer is formed. This arrangement has the advantage that, despite a low overall height, the radiator surfaces face the foot area of the adjacent one, i.e. the one in front and / or the one behind it, so that there is an overall overlap of the radiation cones of the radiant heater arranged under the successive banks ler is given, that is, the radiated energy has no shadow zones, so that for the heating according to the invention, with the appropriate design, the effect of underfloor heating with heat radiation q _s of approximately 70 to 75 W / m²k arises. The direction of radiation can be optimally adjusted via the angular position of the two emitter surfaces. Compared to a flat radiator arranged under the seat surface, this results in an increase in the heating surface by approx. 25%. In the design of the radiator surfaces in the form of a half-shell or a half-cylinder, there is even an increase in the heating surface compared to the flat radiator of about 60%. The spotlights can be easily made from a correspondingly bent or folded sheet steel.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention is before seen that the heating element by an electrical resistance parking heater is formed. This can also be a corresponding quartz emitter rod with correspondingly reduced the connected load can be used. In preferred configuration However, device is provided that the resistance heating element is formed by a flat heating conductor, which immediately is attached to the inner surface of the radiator surface and which is set to a predetermined maximum temperature is. Such flat heating conductors are known and exist essentially of two temperature-resistant plastic films, which tightly enclose a layer of carbon, theirs partly connected to an electrical supply and discharge is so that when the electrical current passes through the carbon layer exactly according to the specification defined surface temperature is reached. The areas heating conductor is expediently on the inner surface glued to the radiator surface so that the heat generated by heat conduction on the surface of the radiator surface arrives and there as long-wave heat radiation to the Space can be given.

In an expedient embodiment of the invention provided that the radiator surface one against the Church-shaped box-shaped radiator body is formed, which surrounds the heating element. The waiter area of such a box-shaped radiator body can be made smooth so that dust deposits be avoided. Such box-shaped emitter body can be prefabricated as finished components and each end with the appropriate connector elements are provided so that an electrically safe and simple assembly of several such radiator bodies is possible under a continuous church pew.

In a further embodiment of the invention Heating device is provided that the box-shaped Spotlight body in its apex facing the ground  area of its emitter surface in the longitudinal direction extending, substantially slit-shaped opening and that an opening for at least one end face the introduction of air is arranged with a Air supply is connected. This configuration offers in particular an operational improvement. The air warms up as it flows through the interior of the box-shaped radiator body through contact with the heating element. The air supply is so here puts that air out of the slit-shaped opening moderate with a low exit velocity of about 0.5 to 1.0 m / s emerges. Will the one to be warmed up Air is sucked in from the church itself at an air temperature in the church interior of approx. 10 or 12 ° C a temperature for the exiting from the heater air at around 30 ° C. Such a heater direction offers the possibility for the so-called preheating operation to work in combined mode, d. H. Heating operation by heat radiation and introduction of warm air, so that there are favorable heating values. In god service can then be switched off, so that the heat supply exclusively through the heat radiation he follows.

In a further embodiment of the invention, this is provided hen that the air supply through a front on the radiator body-mounted fan with upstream air filter is formed. The arrangement can be made in this way be that with a suitably long pew with several interconnected radiator bodies only one radiator body with such a fan is provided and the other radiators connected to it body over a corresponding piece of pipe or hose are interconnected. Due to the low current Survey speed has surprisingly been found represents that with an arrangement of several interconnecting Spot bodies up to at least two meters in length are perfect there is free, even air outlet. The air  is filtered and exits draft-free, so that it too no dust is raised.

In another embodiment of the invention, that the air supply with a central blower Air filter is formed and that one, at least over extending part of the rows of benches in the church interior, provided with the blower connected supply line with which the air bodies can be exposed to air are connected via branching supply lines. The through outgoing supply line can be below the wooden platform be laid, with each branch on the Can be raised inside the bank cheeks. Single A suitable suction box must be used for air intake be arranged in the church floor. For example possible, each bank row with its own air supply to provide. But it is also possible that central blowers outside the church, for example in the sacristy to arrange. In particular, there is the possibility to make the air intake of the central blower switchable, so that the blower can also suck in outside air, so that the possibility is given to the church when switched off Ventilate heating elements with fresh air.

The possible with the heating device according to the invention Process for tempering church rooms, in particular from small churches, chapels, or the like through the introduction of radiant heat in each of them under a bench Area, is characterized in that by means of a Heating element arranged under the seat of the bench, the radiator surface covering the heating element on an upper surface temperature of max. Heated to 60 ° C and that the Heat radiation through the bulges bulging against the floor area essentially in the direction of the foot area the bank in front and / or behind becomes. Due to the temperature limitation and the radiation the heat radiation in the foot area of the front and / or the underlying bank, which in turn again  is provided with appropriate radiator surfaces thus an overlapping, shadow-free long-wave Heat radiation that gives the user the same feeling of warmth mediates like underfloor heating. Another advantage The procedure is that even a small church space can still be divided into zones, so that at for example for services on weekdays with just a few Visitors, through appropriate circuitry divisions only a predetermined small number of banks is heated while for services on Sundays and celebrations meet the heaters with full church attendance can be switched on at all banks. The operation is possible in such a way that the individual radiators body can be equipped with thermostats, which when errei Chen a temperature of max. Open 60 ° C and at the Absin close the temperature to about 45 ° C again, see above that even with a design limit the maximum surface temperature of 60 ° C an additional Protection against overheating on everyone Spotlight is given.

However, the heating device according to the invention is not can only be used for little used church rooms, but also allows a procedure for church rooms that with a warm air heating designed as full room heating are equipped. With such full room heaters becomes a relatively high basic temperature during the heating season ratur consistently maintained for services then increased, taking care to avoid damage the interior of the church heating up the desired room temperature for the service of example wise 18 ° C must go slowly. Ready now such a church equipped with full-space heating additionally with a heating device according to the present Invention, a method for tempering results this church, which is characterized in that about the warm air heating gives the church a basic temperature of only about 5 to 10 ° C, preferably 8 ° C,  and that for short-term heating before and during of the service the temperature through the initiation of warm air and / or heat radiation via one of max. heater surface heated to 60 ° C in the area below at least part of the banks. The full room heating is then practically exclusively under monument conservation viewpoints operated with the preferred reason temperature of 8 ° C, so that there is a Constant air humidity results. Only the visitors can be blocks on the heater according to the invention tempered. For existing full-space heating systems a significant reduction in operating costs. With new systems, this combined procedure the system for full-space heating is reduced overall become. With continuous operation of the full room heating even during non-use, with one reason temperature of about 8 ° C is maintained the church walls kept dry and by the relative high surface temperature of the walls a condensation prevention. Because the full-space heater for use times does not need to be ramped up, that is in Desorption process moisture release of the Wall surfaces much less so that overall through the procedural combination of full-space heating with the heater heating optimizes the indoor climate that will ultimately prevent construction damage and leads to impairments when misconceived Church heaters are inevitable.

Another advantage of this procedural combination consists in the fact that especially in large churches that only are fully occupied on a few high holidays, over which Limitation of the heating of the foot area under the Banks in predetermined blocks of heat input in the Church space can be reduced overall, so that further stabilization of the indoor climate results.

The invention is based on schematic drawings of Exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 a vertical section of a heating radiator with a Flächenheizleiter as an electrical resistance element,

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the heating radiator with a quartz heater rod as a heating element,

Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the heaters under pews

Fig. 4 is a church in plan view with block-wise switched on and off heaters,

Fig. 5 is a formed for the additional supply of air heater in a vertical section,

Fig. 6 likes a side view of the radiant heater. Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 shows a church interior in plan with a by radiant heater. Fig. 5 formed heater.

The heater shown in Fig. 1 in a vertical section consists essentially of a box-shaped heater body made of sheet steel 1 , which is attached under the seat 2 of a church pew. The radiator surface 3 is "bulged" downwards, ie towards the floor, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 having, for example, two flat, smooth partial surfaces 3.1 and 3.2 , which are arranged at an angle of, for example, 90 °. The underside of the seat surface 2 facing surface of the radiation body is provided with a heat insulation layer 4 . The radiator body 1 is screwed to the seat using screws 5 . On the inner surface of the radiator surfaces 3.1 and 3.2 , an electrical resistance heater in the form of a so-called surface heating conductor 6 is attached, for example by gluing. The surface heating conductors 6 are dimensioned so that the surface temperature on the outside of the radiator surfaces 3.1 and 3.2 does not exceed 60.degree.

The further embodiment for a radiant heater, which is also shown in a vertical section in FIG. 2, is in turn formed by a box-shaped heater body 1 made of sheet steel, which differs from the heater body of the embodiment according to FIG. Fig. 1 differs in that the cross-sectional contour of the radiator surface 3 is curved, for example semicircularly curved. Also in the embodiment like. FIG. 2 can provide the inner surface of the radiator surface 3 with a surface heating conductor, as shown in FIG. 1. The flat side of the radiator body 1 facing the lower surface of the seat 2 is again provided with a heat insulation layer 4 .

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, a quartz tube heater 7 is provided as a heating element instead of a flat heating element. Compared to conventional quartz tube learners, however, this is designed in such a way that a surface temperature of 60 ° C on the outside of the radiator surface 3 is not exceeded in continuous operation.

In Fig. 3, the arrangement of radiator bodies of the embodiment is schematic. Fig. 1 shown on the church pews. The fact that the radiator surface 3 of the radiant heater 1 is "bulged" against the bottom 8 , as shown by Darge, results in heat radiation in each case in the foot area of the front and the bench behind it. The outgoing radiation cones are overlapping, so that there is a "shadow-free" heat radiation in the foot area of each bank row.

The church shown in a plan in FIG. 4 is now provided with two radiation bodies 1 for all the benches in each row of banks. The radiating elements 1 of each church pew are now connected in blocks in individual circuit blocks a, b, c, d, e and f to the power supply, so that the heating of the church can be specifically adapted to the number of worshipers by switching only individual blocks on accordingly will.

In Fig. 5 is also a vertical section of a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. Fig. 1 shown. The radiation body 1 of the embodiment according to Fig. 5 corresponds essentially to the structure of the radiation body described with reference to Fig. 1, so that the same components are provided with the same reference numerals. The modification consists in that, in addition, by heating the room via the radiant heat generated by the surface heating conductors 6 and emanating from the radiator surfaces 3.1 and 3.2 , the box-shaped radiation body 1 is provided with a slit-shaped opening 9 in the longitudinal direction in the apex region. The closed end face of the box-shaped radiation body 1 is provided in this example with a passage opening 10 , which is connected to an air supply. This air supply can, as shown in Fig. 6, be formed by a low-noise blower 11 arranged at the end with air filter 12 . Since the fan has only a low delivery rate at only 05 to 1.0 m / sec because of the desired low air outlet speeds at the opening 9 , it is surprisingly shown that even with a radiating body with a length of about two meters over the entire slot length Air exits evenly into the room. To improve the air distribution within the radiation body 1 , it is useful if a dust plate 13 formed by a perforated plate is formed within the radiation body 1 in the entry area, a storage space is formed directly in the entrance area, as indicated in Fig. 6, so that from the fan over the opening 10 entering air in a uniform distribution over the entire cross section of the box-shaped radiating body 1, the interior of which can flow in the longitudinal direction. The air flowing in the longitudinal direction through the box-shaped heater body 1 receives a corresponding amount of heat from the inside of the surface heating element 6 , so that the heat radiation is somewhat reduced during air operation, but the amount of heat introduced into the room remains the same overall. Air operation is preferably provided for a heating-up time immediately before the service. The air supply is then switched off during the service, so that the heating of the foot area between the benches takes place exclusively via the heat radiation.

In an embodiment with individual fans, as described above, the heating device as a whole, as described with reference to FIG. 4, can be switched in blocks according to the need. However, it is also possible, as shown in FIG. 7, to provide each bank row with a central blower 11 to which the individual radiant heaters 1 are connected via a supply line 14 via branching supply lines 15 . The two radiant heaters 1 of each bank are connected to one another via an intermediate tube 16 . The central blower 11 is mounted in a corresponding recess in the church floor to which an air intake grille 17 is assigned.

The air intake of at least one of the central blowers 11 can be designed so that it can be switched over, so that both air can be sucked in from the church interior via the intake grille 17 and outside air can be sucked in via an intake grille 18 if, for example, the church is to be ventilated. With ventilation, the electrical resistance heating remains switched off. It is of course also possible to arrange a single central blower outside the church and connect it with appropriate supply lines to the radiant heaters under the church benches.

Claims (9)

1. Heating device for the tempering of church rooms, in particular small churches, chapels or the like., Which has radiant heaters arranged under the seat of church pews, the heat radiation of which is directed essentially towards the floor, characterized in that the radiant heater ( 1 ) is in each case characterized by a Longitudinal direction of the seat surface ( 2 ), bulging against the floor ( 8 ), substantially closed radiator surface ( 3 ) made of a material with high thermal conductivity, preferably metal, is formed, the inner surface of a heating element ( 6 ; 7 ) with heat is acted upon, the space enclosed by the radiator surface ( 3 ) against the lower surface of the bank being closed off by a heat insulation layer ( 4 ) and in that the heating element ( 6 ; 7 ) is designed in such a way that an upper surface temperature of the radiator surface ( 3 ) is not exceeded by 60 ° C. 2. Heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element ( 6 ; 7 ) is formed by an electrical resistance heating element. 3. Heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the resistance heating element is formed by a quartz heater rod ( 7 ). 4. Heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the resistance heating element is formed by a flat heating conductor ( 6 ) which is attached directly to the inner surface of the radiator surface ( 3 ) and which is designed for a predetermined maximum temperature. 5. Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the radiator surface ( 3 ) forms a closed with respect to the church interior box-shaped radiator body, which encloses the heating element ( 6 ; 7 ). 6. Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the box-shaped heater body in its apex region of the heater surface ( 3 ) facing the floor has a longitudinally extending, substantially slot-shaped opening ( 9 ) and that on at least one end face one Opening ( 10 ) is arranged for the introduction of air, which is connected to an air supply. 7. Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the supply is formed by a blower ( 11 ) arranged on the end face of the radiator body with an upstream air filter ( 12 ). 8. Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the air supply is formed by a central blower ( 11 ) with an air filter ( 12 ) and that at least over a part of the rows of banks of the church space extending with the blower ver tied supply line ( 14 ) is provided, with which the air bodies to which air can be applied are connected via feed lines ( 15 ) which branch off. 9. Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the air intake of the central blower ( 11 ) with the church interior and / or switchable with the outside air in connection.