DE4339477A1 - Mineral building materials contg. plasticiser - Google Patents

Abstract

Mineral building materials comprise a binder, opt. aggregate and/or other additives, and 0.01-1 wt.% (based on binder) of an ethanolamide of formula RCONHCH2CH2OH (I), where R = a satd. or unsatd. 10-18C aliphatic gp.

Description

The invention relates to mineral building materials with improved processing properties shafts, the binders such. B. cement or anhydrite, possibly supplement fabrics such as B. sand, optionally containing additives and other auxiliaries, as well as their use.

In the manufacture of components such. B. screeds, wall panels, walls, ceilings etc., generally inorganic binders, such as. B. anhydrite (natural or synthetic), gypsum and cement, some of them lean, usually however in connection with aggregates (lean), such as. B. sand, gravel, pearlite, Pumice and foamed plastic beads, as well as with water - possibly under Use of additives such as B. air entraining agents, liquefiers or plasticizing additives - mixed and processed.

A mixture consisting of binders, additives, water and given if additives are referred to as mortar. The consistency of a mortar is in the essentially by the ratio of binder / aggregate and by the Water / binder ratio determined. Have very soft or flowable mortar generally a ratio of binder / aggregates of 1: 1 to 1: 2 max. 1: 3  and are easy to move when using liquefying substances almost self-leveling. Rigid, plastic and soft mortar have in general a binder / aggregate ratio of 1: 6 to 1: 2 and are only difficult to move and often sticky. The consistency of stiff to plastic mortar is also described as earth-moist.

For economic reasons, the aim is to use as much of the binder as possible keep it low and use as much of the aggregate as possible. Preferably is used as an additive in the manufacture of mortar sand with a grain size of 0-4 mm or 0-8 mm used.

To ensure good mechanical properties of the components made with a mortar is to be ensured that with the desired consistency with a low Water binder factor (WBF) is worked, that is, with as little as possible Water based on the binder used. This will make the mortar, however increasingly stiff, begins to stick and becomes more difficult to process. With another Lowering the water content will get mortar that only with increased mechanical effort can be processed and strong for gluing and / or Tend to disintegrate.

In addition to the demand for economy and good mechanical properties as well as a controlled setting behavior therefore comes to manageability and the processing properties of a mortar. By beson The processing properties of stiff, earth-moist and plastic mortars, since their processing always involves great mechanical effort or must be operated by hand. The terms manageability and Processing properties primarily refer to properties such as. B. mechanical mobility, stickiness and good smoothing behavior without inclination for separating, decaying or depositing aggregates.  

Mortars with good processing properties are therefore desirable distinguish without the mechanical properties of the finished component negative be influenced and without a significant increase in costs.

It is known from the literature that by adding chemical, plasticizing or liquefying agents a considerable reduction in the amount of water, which is normally used to produce a mortar with the desired consistency is required can be achieved. Plasticizing or liquefying, Due to their surface activity, chemical agents act in such a way that they Evenly disperse agglomerates present in the binder, which is a homogeneous distribution of the components of the mortar and an improved Flow behavior causes, that means good processing properties.

The distinction between plasticizing and liquefying substances is not sharp. In terms of their chemical structure, they are plasticizers and plasticizers largely identical and the effect depends largely on the Dosage and the desired consistency.

In the known plasticizers or plasticizers for mineral mortar All of them are water-soluble, surface-active substances, such as e.g. B. formaldehyde-condensed melamine sulfonates (DE-A 16 71 017, DE-A 36 09 802), lignin sulfonates (DE-A 27 13 898, DE-A 28 03 923, EP-A 3362), Naphthalene sulfonates (DE-A 12 38 831, DE-A 20 07 603) in the form of their salts, be preferably alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts, or for non-ionic products polyether (DE-A 20 50 084, DE-A 12 65 052).

As already mentioned, the known compounds practice a liquefying or plasticizing effect. Your main use is therefore the saving of water to achieve better mechanical properties of the finished component.  

The processing properties in the sense described above are especially not for flowable mortars, however, also frequently by adding one of the known agents inadequate and in need of improvement.

Another possibility is to improve the workability of a mortar in it, the content of air pores in the mortar by adding foam-forming substances to increase. Foaming agents do not form continuous air bubbles in the Building material mixture so that the flowability of the mixture is increased and thus at the same time the required amount of water can be reduced. Partly the foam-forming substances are the same compounds, which are also used as plasticizers or plasticizers. As a foaming agent have especially alkali salts of softwood resins and organic surfactants, such as e.g. B. fatty acid ether sulfates in the form of their alkali salts, with which stable and uniform foams can be produced.

As foaming agents, coconut fatty acid dialkylolamides have also either sole additive or in combination with other foaming agents or Ver proven liquid.

WO 85/01500 describes additives which consist of a mixture of alkanolamines, Alkali metal salts of aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acids and one not ionic component, such as polyether or diethanol adducts of coconut fatty acid amides exist.

JA 48-1408 suggests the use of fatty acid diethanolamides in the manufacture of foam cement before.  

US 4,689,083 claims the use of coconut fatty acid diethanolamides which prepared by reacting diethyl esters of coconut fatty acids with diethanolamine are used as a foam-forming additive for hydraulic cements.

EP-A 296 941, EP-A 121 633 and BE-A 1 259 350 claim multicomponents tensystems containing fatty acid monoethanolamide or fatty acid diethanolamide for Production of foam concrete.

Although the processability of mortars is due to foam-forming substances is improved, this possibility is subject to considerable restrictions since by introducing air bubbles the mechanical properties of the finished Component drop sharply and components that are not subjected to pressure or bending do not fall can be produced. Their use is therefore largely targeted Production of building materials containing air pores limited.

The task was therefore to provide mineral building materials that are good can be processed and with which finished components can be manufactured economically, which have good mechanical properties.

This problem was solved by the mineral building materials according to the invention are or by the use of certain compounds according to the invention as Processing aids.

The invention relates to mineral building materials, the binders if necessary, additives and / or additives and at least one auxiliary ent hold, wherein as processing aids compounds of general formula (I)

with R = aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms
or mixtures thereof in an amount of 0.01 to 1 wt .-%, based on the binder.

The processing aids (I) are preferred when processing mortars with stiff, plastic or soft consistency according to DIN 1045 paragraph 6.15.3 used.

Preferred processing aids are coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide mixtures used. These mixtures particularly preferably have the following Composition:

R = C₁₁H₂₃ 52 to 60% by weight
C₁₃H₂₇ 19 to 23% by weight
C₁₅H₃₁ 8 to 11% by weight
C₁₇H₃₅ / C₁₇H₃₃9 to 18 wt .-%

the sum being 100% by weight.

These mixtures are known and used as technical products e.g. B. under the Be drawing Comperlan KM® or Comperlan 100® from Henkel, Düsseldorf available.  

These technical products normally contain 92 to 98% amide / amidge mixed, <2% free amine, <1% free fatty acid / fatty acid mixture, which is ester content <6% and the H₂O content <0.5%.

Another object of the invention is the use of compounds of general formula (I)

where R is an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated linear or branched radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, given as processing aids for mineral building materials, the binders if it contains additives and additives.

Coconut fat is preferred as a processing aid for mineral building materials acid monoethanolamide mixtures of the following composition are used:

R = C₁₁H₂₃52 to 60% by weight
C₁₃H₂₇ 19 to 23% by weight
C₁₅H₃₁ 8 to 11% by weight
C₁₇H₃₅ / C₁₇H₃₃ 9 to 18% by weight

Another object of the invention is the use of the inventive mineral building materials for the production of components, especially screeds.  

The compounds of formula (I) are water-insoluble at room temperature Pearl-like solids with a melting point of <72 ° C. They are hydrophilic in nature and therefore wettable by water. Because of your Insolubility in water has little or no influence on the son properties of the mortar or the finished component. As an addition to mineral building materials, on the other hand, improve mobility and reduce it the stickiness of a mortar and the tendency to separate and settle Water.

In contrast to the coconut fat used as foam-forming substances Acid diethanolamides increase the processing aids of formula (I) in the air pore content of the building material mixture is only slight and works with the usual ones Processing temperatures of the building materials from 5 ° -40 ° C only little foaming.

In particular, the air pore contents according to DIN 18 555, Tl 2 and that Slump according to DIN 4208 / EN 196 as parameters for the consistency and the Water binder factor with little change otherwise unchanged composition; also compressive strength and bending tensile strength with the inventive mineral building materials, especially using Anhydride binders according to DIN 4208 or cement according to DIN EN 196 are not noticeably reduced.

The processing aids can be used alone or in combination with known ver liquid or plasticizers are used.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Examples

As there are no standardized ones for recording the processing properties of the mortar Test methods are known, they were based on laboratory methods developed in-house tested and qualitatively assessed and described. Agility was assessed, Stickiness and smoothing behavior by the mortar properly according to the practical application was processed. The sedimentation behavior as well as the Bleeding and settling on the surface was done on round surfaces with a Pressure gauge of about 50 cm and a thickness of 3 cm assessed.

In addition to Comperlan 100 from Henkel, Düsseldorf (I) was used as a reference substance Coconut fatty acid diethanolamide (II) used. (II) acts as a strong foaming agent, which causes a sharp increase in the air pore content and a decrease in the mechanical values are effected. Furthermore, (I) was also used in combination with known plasticizers Na salt of formaldehyde-condensed melamine sulfonate (III) and Na salt of formaldehyde-condensed naphthalene sulfonate (IV) checked. The binders used are Portland cement PZ35F according to DIN 1164 (A) and synthetic anhydrite binder AB 20 according to DIN 4208 (B). The anhydrite binder additionally contained 1% K₂SO₄ as exciter and had an average iron content of 0.5% Fe on. The mortar mixture was produced for cement according to DIN EN 196 part 1 and with anhydrite according to DIN 4208. Slump and mechani cal values were determined according to DIN 196 and the air pore content according to DIN 18 555, Part 2 determined.

The results are listed in Tables 1 to 4 below.  

Table 1

2 kg (B) and 7.5 kg sand (0-8 mm) as aggregate

Table 2

2 kg (B) and 7.5 kg sand (0-8 mm)

Table 3

2 kg (A) and 10 kg sand (0-8 mm)

Table 4

2 kg (A) and 10 kg sand (0-8 mm)

Claims (6)

1. Mineral building materials which contain binders, optionally additives and / or additives and at least one auxiliary, characterized in that compounds of the general formula (I) in which
R represents an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms,
or mixtures thereof in an amount of 0.01 to 1 wt .-%, based on the binder. 2. Mineral building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that as auxiliary mixtures of the compounds of general formula (I) with the following distribution: 52 to 60 wt .-% compounds with R = C₁₁H₂₃
19 to 23 wt .-% compounds with R = C₁₃H₂₇
8 to 11 wt .-% compounds with R = C₁₅H₃₁
9 to 18% by weight of compounds with R = C₁₇H₃₅ / C₁₇H₃₃ are used. 3. Use of compounds of the general formula (I) with R = aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms
as processing aids for mineral building materials, which contain binders, optionally additives and additives. 4. Use according to claim 3 of coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide mix the following composition R = C₁₁H₂₃ 52 to 60% by weight
C₁₃H₂₇ 19 to 23% by weight
C₁₅H₃₁ 8 to 11% by weight
C₁₇H₃₅ / C₁₇H₃₃ 9 to 18 wt .-% as processing aids. 5. Use of the mineral building materials according to claim 1 or 2 for Her position of components. 6. Use according to claim 5 for the production of screeds.