DE4324518A1 - Compsn. for encouraging plant colonisation of barren soil - contains protein, mineral etc. by products of starch recovery from potatoes etc., partic. for treating fire damaged areas - Google Patents

Abstract

Compsn. for assisting (re)colonisation of barren inorganic soils by plants contains soluble substances (A) produced as by-products during processing of potatoes, cereals and/or maize for starch recovery. Pref. the compsn. contains (wt., dry basis) 10-60 (generally 12-50)% protein; 1-10 (1.4-8.5)% free amino acids and 8-37 (10-35)% residue on calcination. It also contains 1-20 (1-18)% K ions; 0.26 (0.3-0.4.5)% P ions and 0.1-2.5 (0.1-2)% Mg ions and 1-35 (1.5-30)% organic acids. USE/ADVANTAGE - The compsn. is applied to barren soil, esp. soil damaged by forest fires, mining waste tips, sand dunes etc., esp. to provide 50-500 (esp. 80-300)kg N per hectare. Pref. 2-3 applications are made per year. The compsn. is very effective, easily applied and causes less pollution of ground water than conventional fertilisers. (A) provide gradual release of N and P in plant usable form, so ensure better utilisation of the nutrients.

Description

The invention relates to an active ingredient which Planting or replanting on bare inorganic gusts that supports.

Furthermore, it relates to a method for loading planting or replanting on bare inorganic soil using this active ingredient.

Forest fires are a natural kata in the Mediterranean countries stanza that is gaining in importance more and more. So fall around 20,000 bis in France, for example 60,000 victims of forest. Not only the plants existed destroyed, but also the soil in which the plants Finding a stop loses its structure. In such an area very few plants can grow and display again in addition, only certain plant species can grow there sen.

These burnt soils pose a serious problem the environment of the human being. Thus the human being is the need Agility consciously to intervene insofar as a landscape restored with vegetation as soon as possible must be, which seems to him more appealing and less Stress means to him.

This need is also evident in areas like Wed. fields, dunes or certain sandy areas, certain  Clay floors or areas on which debris is stored was, for example, the tunnel breakthrough, or also on earth fillings for railway tracks or autobahn nen, and also in abandoned quarries or in Dü nen.

Various connections have already been proposed gene and used to a natural or artificial planting to make it possible to replant or replant such soils that generally referred to as "bare inorganic soils" the.

It is obvious that one should first of all at kon conventional fertilizers such as NPK and urea fertilizers. Unfortunately, these products are expensive and have only one very limited effectiveness, since they are very easily soluble and not be "fixed" on the floor. Thus, from the Plant only a very small proportion can be absorbed. Soon they are the reason for the contamination of the groundwater.

Likewise, the use of compost from the Sewage sludge from urban sewage treatment plants proposed. This com post is unfortunately too compact and can be used for planting planting or replanting are not used effectively. Each at the same time, their performance is also severely restricted limits.

Thus, a remedy or active ingredient is still being used today is looking for a planting or new planting inorganic soils permitted and effective and equal is timely with little effort and is easy to use.

After extensive investigations, the applicant however discovered that the use of soluble substances in  processing potatoes, cereals and corn into starch production, which meets these needs.

In addition, the active ingredient stands out for support planting or replanting bare inorganic shear soils from the fact that it consists of soluble substances, those in the processing of potatoes, cereals and corn, so as from mixtures of them to obtain starch.

Among soluble substances used in the processing of corn to obtain starch, the maize mash water must be ver stand in during the mashing by lactic acid bacteria a more or less pronounced fermentation has taken place.

It is therefore advantageous that here on mash water as well May maize methods can be referred to as they are for example by R.L. Whistler and J.R. Daniel in the chapter entitled "Starch" [strength] or in that of the applicant self-owned FR-PS 2 464 298 are described.

This maize water is generally in the form of con centered solutions with a dry matter content of around 50% before.

The soluble substances obtained from potatoes are obtained after crushing the potatoes and separating the extra here cutlets of strength. You can by heat contain or not flocculent protein substances, depending on whether recovery takes place or not. This soluble potato substances, sometimes called potatoes rock water or vegetable broth are described in space common in the form of concentrated solutions with a dry Substance share of around 55% to 60%.  

The soluble substances obtained from grain are obtained after processing the grain into starch using the wet process and after separation of bran, starch and gluten. They are generally in the form of concentrated solutions a dry matter content of around 25% to 60%.

The soluble from maize, potatoes and cereals Chen substances have numerous common characteristics.

In particular, they have an increased egg content white matter (expressed by nitrogen content x 6.25). This salary is actually between 10% and 60% and in the Most of the cases between 12% and 50%, based on the dry substance.

They can also be a comparatively substantial one Organic acid content (especially lactic acid) sen, since this content between 1% and 35% and in the majority the cases are between 1.5% and 30%. The corn mash has in particular an increased lactic acid content, which in generally lies between 20% and 30%.

The soluble from maize, grain and potatoes Chen substances also have a residue content Roasting substances between 8% and 37%, in the majority of cases between between 10% and 35%. Part of these roast residues are before al lem:

• - Potassium ions in an amount of 1% to 20%, more often between 1% and 18%,
• - Phosphorus ions in a proportion of 0.2% to 6%, more common between 0.3% and 4.5%,  
• - Magnesium ions in an amount of 0.1% to 2.5%, frequently between 0.1% and 2%.

The various salary thongs listed above ben are in weight percent, based on the dry sub punch, expressed.

The active ingredient according to the invention is preferably available Support for planting or replanting bare inorganic soils in the form of concentrated solutions Dry matter from 35 to 85% by weight, preferably 40 to 75 % By weight.

The active ingredient according to the invention can thus in the Zu stand in which it is present, sprayed or previously diluted the. Another possibility, however, is that from Kar potatoes, cereals and corn-derived soluble substances in the form of centrifugal powder, mixed with other substances such as proteins or with organic or mine ralic fertilizers.

The active ingredients according to the invention are sprayed or introduced into the floor surfaces to be treated, namely in an amount of 50 to 500 kg of nitrogen per hectare, preferably from 80 to 300 kg nitrogen per hectare. The frequency the application fluctuates and depends in particular on the kli matical conditions. However, he is preferably active ingredient according to the invention once to five times a year, preferably wise two or three times a year, on the area to be treated sprayed or placed in the ground.

The use of the active compounds according to the invention allows in Savings compared to conventional fertilizers Nitrogen and phosphorus and on the other hand it makes it possible to To significantly reduce groundwater pollution.  

Without being bound by theoretical considerations want, can also be remembered that from potatoes, Ge cereals and corn-derived soluble substances of a progressive Treatment to form ammonia and nitrate hen, ammonia and nitrates formed in this way itself in turn gradually absorbed by the plants or be included. Since the potato, Grain and corn obtained and used according to the invention Phosphorus contains essentially organic Na ture, it must be mineralized before it can be used by the plants be settled. This mineralization is a progressive advance and enables better use of the active ingredients the plants.

For a better understanding of the invention, this is on using the following and purely exemplary example purifies that has no restrictive character.

example 1

This example was on a burned-down site in South of France realized.

The examination fields, ie a control field and a test field, each covered an area of around 100 m ² and the boundaries of these field areas were drawn on the site with the help of color markings that were placed on stone blocks.

The investigated active ingredient consisted of soluble potatoes substances with a dry matter content of 54.7%. Their Composition is given in Table I below once based on the commercial product in its present state and once based on the dry matter content of the Pro ducts.  

Table I

Composition of soluble substances from potatoes

In June, the first application was carried out with a solution of soluble potato substances, concentrated on 25% dry matter, the amount used being 2.5 kg / m ² at 54.7% Tr and 5.5 kg / m ² at 25% Tr amounted to.

Five months later, in November, a second amount was applied, in the form of a solution with a concentration of 25%, the amount also applied being 2.5 kg / m ² at 54.7% Tr or 5.5 kg / m ² at 25% Tr was.

Now the behavior of certain plant species in the different plots examined.

It was treated on the control plots and the Plots of soil samples in two depths, once in an egg depth between 0 and 5 cm and once at a depth of 15 up to 25 cm, taken with the following objective:

• - on the one hand to quantify the content of assimilable nitrogen (NO ₃ -, NH ₄ +), exchangeable potassium and assimilable phosphorus,
• - and finally the following microbiology make logical analyzes:
• - Name of the microorganisms: total microflora, Radiation mushrooms, filamentous mushrooms and yeasts, cellulolytic Mi kroflora
• - Measurement of the breathability of the floors.

The results obtained can be as follows sum up:

1. Herbal behavior

Between the first application and the first rich rains in autumn were measurements regarding  Thickness and length growth of the terminal branches and vertica len branches made on kerme oaks. A growth in length the terminal and vertical shoots had during the som mers took place. Statistically, the value was on the treated parcel above the value on the control parcel.

Randomly five rhizomes of Quercus coccifera selected, both on the behan delten parcel as well as on the control parcel.

The measurements made related to the Diameter "d" in cm, measured at a distance of 1 cm from egg ner branching, and the length "1" in cm, from the tree sprout this branch to the top.

The combination of these two parameters according to the formula C = d ² l resulted in a size proportional to the mass of the plant substance.

Six months after the second application was made for d and l measured the following values, which are mean values that result from measurements on 20 tree sprouts on the treated plot and on 20 tree sprouts on the control parcel were calculated.

The other plant varieties remained because of the drought that prevailed at that time throughout the summer current condition. In any case, it must be stated here that En December the herbaceous varieties, especially the branched ones Varieties of the genus Brachypodium, on the treated plot showed a much clearer green color than on the control plot.

Two months after the last application, i.e. in the course of winter, it was actually found that the Gramineae such as Brachypodium ramosum and Dactyizs gomerata showed much more saturated green on the treated plot. in the the rest were only new on the treated plot Varieties such as Lactuca porennis, Sonchus oleraceus and Senecio vulgaris.

2. Assimilable mineral nutrients (N, P, K)

In Table II below are the concentrations reported before the first application and about four half a month after the last application.  

Table II

The next one results from the examination of this table Comments:

a) Surface horizon = height 1 (0-5 cm)

NO ₃ -: based on the increased content recorded in June, the November values increased by a factor of 1.64 on the control plot, but on the other plot by a factor of 8.48, which was treated with the active ingredient according to the invention had been; thus the conversion to nitrate was activated in the autumn period; this was more pronounced in the parcel that had been treated with soluble substances from potatoes.

NH ₄ +: ammonia formation occurred in both plots (the increase factor for the values recorded in November was 6.2 on the control plot and 5.9 on the other plot); this result and the values determined in March rather showed that the ammonia formation is indifferent to the introduction of the active compounds according to the invention and is essentially activated by climatic conditions such as those prevailing in autumn (rain, mild temperatures).

K +: The difference between the values measured on the control parcel between June and November is only slight and of little significance (7.7 and 5.4 me / kg), on the other hand, this difference is clearly pronounced on the treated parcel (5.7 and 37 , 4 me / kg); this result was also confirmed by the measurements carried out in March
assimilable phosphorus: The reference to potassium also applies to phosphorus; on the treated plot the values rose from 40 to 273 ppm and then to 344 ppm.

Overall, the entry of the invention was made Active substances in the soil in the top 5 cm soil layer, and was reflected in the following:

• - Activation of nitrate formation
• - Increase in the levels of exchangeable potassium and as similable phosphor.

b) depth horizon = height 2 (-15 to -25 cm)

NO ₃ -: In both plots an increase in the nitrate content occurred between June and March; this increase, however, is more pronounced on the treated plot than on the control plot (where only a factor of 2.9 increase was found).

NH ₄ +: The NH ₄ + ion content increased compared to the initial state in June to November; on the control plot, the increase factor was 2.6, on the treated plot, on the other hand, 10.7, with this content falling back in March to a value close to the initial value.

Interchangeable K +: The fluctuates on the control parcel hardly any salary, but there is a significant drop in November in the application zone, a phenomenon for which so far no explanation was found, but this is due to the im following March measured value again balanced becomes.

Assimilable phosphor: According to the climatic Conditions at the beginning of autumn seem in depth in the ground on the control parcel a depletion of assimilable Phosphorus occurred while being treated Area the reverse phenomenon occurred. In March the treated plot three times more phosphorus than the control par cell.

Taken together, the depth was between 15 and 25 cm in the ground the following operations take place:

• - A much more intensive one on the treated plot Nitrate formation and ammonia formation than on the control parcel,
• - After application of the active ingredient ei ne enrichment with assimilable phosphorus and potassium.

The simultaneous consideration of both layers, in which soil samples were taken, with the values that result from the analyzes from November, leads to the following findings:
- The nitrate formation and ammonia formation on the treated plot were stronger due to the climatic conditions (rain, still mild in all the soil layers considered, especially on the surface with the first-mentioned phenomenon and in depth with the second-mentioned phenomenon;

• - at least a part of the introduced potassium appears being held back from the surface;
• - after the application of fertilizer the Phos rose phosphorus concentrations from 40 to 273 ppm at the surface and from 12 to 30 ppm in depth;
• - despite abundant rainfall in autumn (around 250 mm) potassium and phosphorus were not massive in the deeper Layers washed in.

If the analysis values from March are included, the application of the soluble potato extract (June and then November) at a dosage of 2.5 l / m ² with dilution in 2.5 l water led to the following result:

• - progressive enrichment with NO ₃ -, assimilable K + and P,
• - dilution of NH ₄ +,
• - more pronounced binding on the surface with the assi milable elements P and K,
• - Maintaining a comparatively high salary of trivalent or pentavalent nitrogen even after extensive precipitation fall in autumn (250 mm).

The discharge of the active ingredient according to the invention thus provides stuff the bottom line that better conditions in the mine Raw materials supply arise. The distinctive green color of herbaceous plants, especially in the branched varieties the genus Brachopodium, which is observed during December was made, coincides with the above findings.  

3. Microbiological examination

In Table III below, the results are for the various microorganisms identified by name indicated, examined on the soil samples taken has been.

Table III

The results shown in Table II observing fluctuations are an indication that the Entry of the active ingredient according to the invention is not noticeable had an effect on the microflora in its entirety if this is not a seasonal impact that changes  a numerical increase between the months of June and November shows.

Thus there can be various interesting differences are recorded:

• - the mushrooms take numbers between June and November on the untreated parcel, while their Number remains the same on the surface of the floor, and on the Height 2, d. H. on the deep horizon, their number increases on the treated plot,
• - The number of actinomycetes increases in the treated Parcel at level 2 very strongly,
• - finally, the total inventory of cellulolytic Microorganisms at both levels in the treated plot by several powers of ten, which creates a significant stimulus lation of cellulysis by the active ingredient according to the invention is proven.

The following table IV shows the distribution of the ver different types of mushrooms, which are in the June and November of soil samples taken.  

Table IV

This table shows that the introduction of soluble potato Rock substances leads to that within the dominant fungus group in the microflora several species disappear, especially at level 1, and that new species appear at level 2 nen. Thus, the specific Diversifi ornamentation of this microflora changed.  

In summary, the discharge of the invention active ingredient in June to activate the substance cycles, which can be seen from the following:

• - increase in ammonia and nitrate formation,
• - Increase in the assimilable phosphate content on the one hand to an increased phosphatase activity of the microor mechanisms and on the other hand to the dissolution of the tricalcium phosphate is due, which is caused by the acidification processing of the orga brought in by the fertilizer niche substances is caused.

This activation goes with an increase in exchangeable potassium and corresponds to the changes in the Microbe populations, especially the fungus populations, of Actinomycetes and cellulolytic microflora. This Activation has a very positive effect on plant growth Influence.

Example 2

Similar attempts were made with soluble cereal substances performed on an abandoned quarry site, that as soon as possible for environmental reasons like that should be planted; it turned out that it was at 1 Set of active ingredients according to the invention when applied three times possible in an annual dose of 150 kg nitrogen per hectare is extremely rapid, spontaneous and lush growth to achieve a natural plant cover.

The active ingredient according to the invention thus develops a stimu effect on the soils treated with it Effect is reflected in the growth of the plants.

Claims (8)

1. Active ingredient to support planting or replanting on bare inorganic soils, characterized in that it consists of soluble substances that occur in the processing of potatoes, cereals and corn, as well as mixtures thereof for starch production. 2. Active ingredient according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the following, the percentages being expressed in% by weight based on the dry matter:

• - a protein content of between 10 and 60%, generally between 12 and 50%,
• a content of free amino acids between 1 and 10%, generally between 1.4% and 8.5%,
• - a residue of roasting agent between 8 and 37%, generally between 10 and 35%.

3. Active ingredient according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains the following:

• a potassium ion content of between 1% and 20%, generally between 1% and 18%,
• a phosphorus ion content of between 0.2% and 6%, generally between 0.3 and 4.5%,
• - A magnesium ion content between 0.1% and 2.5%, generally between 0.1% and 2%.

4. Active ingredient according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that it contains organic acids between  between 1 and 35%, generally between 1.5% and 30% points. 5. Active ingredient according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that it is in the form of a concentrated solution ner dry matter between 35 wt.% and 85 wt.%, preferably between 40% and 75% by weight. 6. Active ingredient according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that it is in the form of centrifugal powder, optionally mixed with other substances such as protein fen or organic or mineral fertilizers. 7. Process for planting or replanting bare inorganic soils, characterized in that to the treating surfaces an active ingredient according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is applied. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the amount of active ingredient used is between 50 and 500 kg nitrogen per hectare, preferably between 80 and 300 kg per hectare.