WO2010003689A2

WO2010003689A2 - Device for structurally changing minerals and use of the so changed minerals

Info

Publication number: WO2010003689A2
Application number: PCT/EP2009/005029
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Ost
Original assignee: Sanoviva Ag
Priority date: 2008-07-11
Filing date: 2009-07-10
Publication date: 2010-01-14
Also published as: DE102009012774A1; WO2010003689A3

Abstract

In a device for changing the structure of minerals or the like, in particular for micronizing minerals, comprising rotors (3, 4) with baffles (15; 15.1) between which the minerals or the like are subjected to a dynamic impact and/or friction process in a housing (2.1, 2.2), the oppositely operating rotors are to be designed as rotor discs (3, 4) with annular baffles (15; 15.1) extending axially into the interior of the housing (2) such that the rotor discs (3, 4) pass by one another in the operating state without touching one another. Also indicated are various usage possibilities for the micronized material, such as a material for strengthening plants, improving the fertilizer value of animal wastes, for reducing smells in large scale animal maintenance and for accelerating the composting of wastes.

Description

Apparatus for structural alteration of minerals and use of such altered minerals

The invention relates to a device for altering the structure of minerals or the like, in particular for their micronization, with rotors having baffles, between which the minerals or the like are exposed in a housing to a dynamic impact and / or friction process. Furthermore, the invention relates to several uses of micronized minerals.

State of the art

DE 197 55 921 already discloses a device for improving the effectiveness of active substances which consist at least of minerals, in which these active substances are subjected to tribo-mechanical activation. This increases the surface of the treated

Active ingredients and their structure are thereby destabilized by allowing a kinetic energy to act on them. For this purpose, the known device has three concentrically arranged rows of wreaths which rotate in the operating state to each other in opposite directions at a relatively high speed, being mounted on each row of wreaths as baffles blade-like projections. The individual wreaths are hollow and carry in their interior a variety of shovel-like

Projections, which are attached to both sides of the cranial walls.

In operation, the minerals to be micronized are then transported by the incoming centrifugal forces from the inner to the middle wreath to the outer wreath. This happens an activation of the

Minerals in that the forces involved in the integrity of the crystal lattice of the minerals is intervened. This results in a kind of damage, which can also occur, for example. can be noticeable in an electrical / electrostatic manner.

However, this known type has several disadvantages, namely the blade-like projections are attached on both sides between the respective wreaths on this and they are welded together from several components angle, so that can easily accumulate deposits in the operating state in the corner regions of the projections, which in turn

Weight gain of the blades and ultimately leads to increased energy consumption. Also, the top edges of the blade-like projections can be worn relatively quickly. Finally, the micronization to be achieved with the known device is only 20 microns per particle, with only about 78% of all particles reach this size.

As a use of the micronized active ingredients produced by the device according to DE 197 55 921, a salutary consumption for humans is intended above all, which is supposed to bring about an improvement in the quality of life or a cure for suffering.

Object of the invention

This is where the invention, which is based on the object, an improved over the cited prior art device for particular Micronization of minerals and the like to create, which has a higher efficiency and thus a better efficiency of micronization, as well as new uses of micronized materials show.

Solution of the task

This object is achieved according to the invention by a device that the counter-rotating rotors are designed as rotor discs whose annularly arranged baffles extend axially into the interior of the housing so that the rotor discs in the operating state without contact pass each other.

According to the invention, a much more efficient micronization is achieved, with simultaneous protection of the device itself, ie, the usually associated with the fine grinding relatively heavy wear of baffles and thus the entire rows of wreaths, which leads to increased maintenance and is very expensive, is advantageously avoided with the present invention.

Due to the fact that the rotor disks pass each other without contact in the operating state, the wear of the baffles themselves is minimized. For this purpose, it may be expedient if the annularly arranged baffles frontally each extend in a provided in the adjacent rotor disc annular channel without contact, so that the respective annular channel together with the front end portions of the baffles a

Type labyrinth seal forms. In this case, deliberately a retention of micronized material within the ring channels is accepted, because this in turn increases the resistance at the baffles themselves, which ultimately leads to a higher degree of micronization.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the rotor disks have a plurality of concentrically arranged rings with the baffles, wherein at least two rotor disks have proven successful, of which one rotor disk three and the other rotor disk have two rings with the baffles, wherein the wreaths in Combine operating condition without contact. The three rings of a rotor disk can have a different width, in particular a smaller width compared to the two rings of the other rotor disk.

It is particularly effective when the baffles of the rotor disks are each formed as a kind of curved fan blade whose inner surfaces are directed in the installed state towards the center of the housing and formed as a profiled collision surface. The latter measure has the advantage that the starting material in the profiled inner surfaces of the

Can fan blades in operating condition, which in turn receive a wear protection, which has a positive effect on the extension of the life of the ventilation blades. Here, the ventilation blades may e.g. Made of hardened steel, ceramic or cast steel.

To increase the life of the device according to the invention, it may also be expedient for impact pins to be provided on the curved fan blades on the front side in the direction of rotation, which on the one hand impart impact protection to the fan blades and on the other hand can be replaced more easily than the fan blades themselves.

The impact pins can be cylindrical and arranged so that they are supported in recesses, which are provided corresponding to the shape of the impact pins frontally on the fan blades. It has proved to be expedient that the recesses have a size of about 1/3 of the circumference of the impact pins and may optionally consist of porcelain.

The advantageously possible with the inventive device fine grinding of minerals or the like. Based on a controlled air flow, which is caused by the specially provided curved fan blades, d h. By selecting them with regard to their setting and inclination, a turbulent air flow is generated in the operating state, which reduces the efficiency of the engine Micronization process increases. As measurements (tribo-luminescence) have shown, the bent fan blades according to the invention increase their service life up to 30 times in relation to the known fan blades.

Also, the fan blades and the impact pins are designed to be easy to replace when worn, simplifying handling and maintenance. In conventional such devices, this has not been possible, because there always had to be replaced all the wreaths for their renewal.

Furthermore, the intended annular channels, in which engage the fan blades frontally, form a closed labyrinth system for material processing, whereby the movement of the material to be processed is determined so that the individual particles always a shock and / or

Are exposed to frictional activity and can not flow past the fan blades unprocessed past, thereby optimizing the efficiency of processing one more time.

Finally, the achieved micronization is about 96% of all particles below about 4.3 microns, with a proportion of about 28% of all particles have a diameter of slightly <than 0.5 microns, which can not be achieved with conventional such devices.

By the fine grinding of the minerals or the like by means of the inventive

Device, i. By micronizing the raw material components of these various chemical and chemical-physical changes are caused, which arise mainly by running in the operating state within the device dynamic friction processes. The latter give these materials new properties that are found in the

Production of various products can be used technologically and commercially.

In particular, the micronized minerals or the like produced with the device according to the invention can advantageously be used as an active ingredient for strengthening In general, other micronized minerals or the like can be used for this purpose, ie those minerals which have been subjected to a dynamic impact and / or friction process in a turbulent air flow until a change of their specific contact surfaces by a Destabilization of her

Mineral structures is done.

The above-mentioned micronized minerals or the like can be advantageously used as foliar fertilizers for green plants and as crop protection agents, because minerals, in particular calcites (but also dolomites and

Calcium and magnesium carbonates), which have been dynamically finely ground and thus micronized with the device according to the invention, show in their abovementioned use surprising properties which optimize or accelerate plant growth, as a result of which the growing season can be shortened. Furthermore, thereby the

The resistance of the green plants against pests are increased, which is accompanied by an increase in yield and quality of a crop.

These application advantages are caused by the ultra-small grinding of the individual minerals and thereby increasing their

Activity, whereby the grinding (granulometry) of the respective material depends on the following parameters:

> Granulometry of the starting material> Speed (angular velocity) of the rotor discs

> Number of fan blades and their rings

> Adjustment of the fan blades

> Possible repetition of grinding operations

These parameters also determine the properties of the processed one

Material and also the specific (contact) surface of the material as well as its destabilization of the material structure and the increase of the chemical reactivity. In particular, the collisions and thereby taking place aplastic friction of the surfaces of the material lead to a increased chemical reactivity of the micronized material, which has the following advantages:

Above all, the exchangeability of the ions (weighing cations) is significantly increased, namely by about 300% compared to a conventionally comminuted material. Furthermore, since the so-called tracheids on leaves and needles of plants have an average diameter of 15 microns, they are suitable to take micronized particles with a diameter <10 microns in the blade interior.

Also by the cleavage of CaCo ₃ and MgCO ₃ to calcium and magnesium on the one hand and CO ₂ on the other hand, the energetic balance (input) of a plant is favorably influenced. Here, the plant is supplied in such a way that the extraction of CO ₂ from the air is practically unnecessary. Thus, the energetic output of the plant is significantly reduced and the plant saves

Energy.

An improvement in the energetic input of a plant is also significantly improved, as the trace elements in magnesium, iron, etc. support a regeneration of chlorophyll, which in turn can make photosynthesis more efficient.

Overall, the positivation of the energetic balance leads to an acceleration of plant growth and the maturation process.

With regard to the mechanisms of action of a finely ground, i. a micronized mineral or the like in connection with use as a plant protection product, i. for protection against and control of pests, the following may be emphasized:

As a plant protection agent, especially a pH response of the agent should be emphasized, namely due to its content of calcium and magnesium this acts alkaline (pH 9.0-9.5), whereby the surface of the treated with the agent (sprayed or dusted ) Leaves of green plants slightly alkaline, which then represents an unknown new property of the attack surface for all types of pests. Thus, colonization of the plant leaves by insects, fungi, bacteria and other pests is much more difficult.

The fine particles of the micronized minerals or the like may also have a specific mechanical action against insects, namely those on the leaf surfaces by a prior e.g. Spraying accumulated fines into the airways, tracheae and eyes of the insects, thereby causing irritation in such a way that they migrate from the leaf surfaces. Repeating the application of the finely ground material several times (e.g., every 10-14 days) will cause the absence of insects to be permanent.

Also, a strong effect as an insecticide has been shown when taking seeds of

Minced Neam Baumes with a tribomechanical process and mixed together with zeolite 10-15%, calcite about 70-80% and sprayed as a 0.3 - 0.5% solution on leaves. A similar effect as an insecticide is found when grinding nettle powder with the tribomechanical process (as well as the Neam seeds in the cryogenic state at -180 ° Celsius) and mixed in similar proportions with calcite and zeolite.

A similar effect is also seen when the ambrosia plant as a powder (grinded to the micron range at -180 ° Celsius) mixes with zeolite and calcite accordingly. Other plant mixtures with the similar

Processes produced then act as a herbicide.

It has also been found that micronized minerals or the like unfold a negative effect against various fungal diseases. Fungal diseases such as Pheronospora, Botritis, Oidium et al. Arise in plants mainly when their leaves or fruits (eg grapes, strawberries) still contain some nitrogen compounds, especially ammonium. Since the ion exchange ability and the selective adsorption performance of the micronized minerals or the like rapidly bind the nitrogen compounds, the fungi are unable to feed on these substances. The consequence is that the mushrooms lack any livelihood in order to be able to settle on the treated plants at all.

Furthermore, a faster vegetation development of the plants is achieved because there is a correlation between the vegetation progress of the plants and the settlement of pests. Now, if this correlation is disturbed by the acceleration of plant growth and plant development, then the attempt of the pests to settle is often delayed, i. at a time when plants are already developed to successfully defend themselves against the pests.

Finally, when using a mixture of micronized minerals such as calcites and zeolites as well as a microsized chlorophyll-containing additive in the form of spirulina algae, an improved

Development of chlorophyll can be achieved. Here are the following mixing ratios have proven: calcite 79-90%; Zeolites 5-15% and algae 5-15%. The chlorophyll has increased 3 to 4 times using such mixing ratios, with the number of chloroplasts increasing by 300-400% compared to untreated areas. Such growth rates of chlorophyll also cause a positive energy balance in the treated plants and support a significant increase in yield, improved immunity and a strengthened antioxidant status.

In addition, the classical minerals of the fertilizers of plants (nitrogen, phosphate, potash) or their starting materials, humic acid for N phosphate-containing, minerals such as apatite, phosphate rocks, etc., as well as potash in the various naturally occurring forms such as KCL, K ₂ O or K ₂ SO ₄ perfect for micronization with this method. The particles are rubbed into small pieces so that they form colloidal solutions and are thus immediately usable for the plant (assimilable) as part of their growth. It can be stated that the individual components are highly effective with the factor 2-10. The possible Spraying odor-laden rooms of animal breeding, which can create a more pleasant atmosphere for humans and animals.

An odor binding was also successfully achieved in liquid manure, chicken manure and manure. For the purpose of odor binding or binding of

Nitrogen compounds (ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, captones) suffice

Addition of the treated material, which corresponds to the solid content of the mentioned wastes in the mass. For the acceleration of composting and the

Production of mineral and organic fertilizers, a solids ratio of 70%: 30% in favor of the treated material is preferred.

In principle, the micronized minerals or the like can be used in powder form or as an aqueous solution or suspension and, in particular, can also be applied to the plants in this way. As an aqueous solution or suspension, a concentration between 0.3 and 0.6% has been proven, with a particle size of <15 microns is desirable.

Combinations of the individual components to NP ₁ NK PK or NPK combinations enable a comprehensive nutrition of the plants. All the more so, since numerous trace elements are found in the basic substances calcite or zeolites. The reaction time is much faster, as the components can be picked up directly from the blades. Thus, deficiency symptoms on the plants can be corrected faster.

Also suitable are micronized minerals or the like, more generally and in particular those micronized minerals or the like prepared according to the invention, for improving the fertilization value of animal waste or as

Means for accelerating the composting of waste.

In particular, micronized minerals or the like can be successfully used in use for binding unpleasant odors particularly from the animal field. Due to the mechanical activation of the respective grain surface of the treated minerals, their uptake capacity of ammonium ions as well as the ion exchange itself is increased by up to 300% (compared to an unactivated ground substance), so that minerals treated in this way are particularly suitable for binding unpleasant odors of organic origin.

This means, with regard to the above-mentioned improvement of the fertilizer values of animal waste, that by binding the unpleasant odors, the nitrogen content of the organic wastes is not lost by evaporation or rinsing and thus preserved for the fertilization. Furthermore, the binding of nitrogen not only increases the fertilizer value, but this bond is also good for the environment, especially the soil and the groundwater, since the nitrogen ions are bound so that they are not flushed out by rainwater and so not into the Groundwater can reach.

When it comes to odor retention, the focus is on odors that are produced by pig, calf and poultry farms. Since the odor binding takes place in a relatively short time, the micronized minerals or the like are also suitable for figure description

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred and a further embodiment in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments for use. In the drawing show

1 is a perspective view of the inventive device,

2 shows a vertical section through the device according to FIG. 1, FIG.

3 is an enlarged vertical section through two intermeshing rotor disks according to FIG. 2,

4 shows an enlarged, schematically illustrated vertical section through the upper half of two intermeshing rotor disks according to FIG.

2,

4a shows a detail enlargement of a labyrinth seal according to FIG. 4, FIG.

5 is an enlarged detail of the sectional view through two intermeshing rotor disks according to FIG. 3 with a schematic course of the air flows between the fan blades, FIG.

FIG. 6 shows the enlarged section according to FIG. 5, but with indicated minerals to be comminuted or the like along the fan blades, FIG.

7 is a schematic end view of a fan blade with an attached impact pin,

7a is a perspective view of the inner surface of the fan blade according to FIG. 7,

FIG. 7b shows two enlarged sections through a rotor disk according to FIG. 3, FIG. 8 is a schematic end view of a segment fan blade,

Fig. 8a is a perspective view of the segment fan blade according to Fig. 8 with a view of the inner surface and

8b shows a section according to the line A-A in FIG. 8 through the segment fan blade, which is fastened on one side to a rotor blade, according to FIG. 8.

In Fig. 1, a device 1 is shown schematically, with which the structure of

Minerals or the like changed, d. H. with which they can be micronized.

As a core piece, the device 1 has a substantially two-part, unfoldable housing 2, the two housing parts 2.1 and 2.2 are connected to each other via quick release 2.3. In the housing 2, two counter-rotating rotor disks 3 and 4 (FIG. 2) are arranged, which are each driven by an electric motor 5 and 6 at the same angular speed via belt 7 and 8.

To fill the micronized starting material has the housing

2 a filler neck 9, in which case the micronized material present after its machining can then be removed again from the housing 2 via a dispensing nozzle 10 (FIG. 2).

The entire device 1 is mounted on a vibration resistant foundation frame 11 and forms an independent unit.

In Fig. 2, the device 1 is shown vertically cut and shows the two disposed within the housing 2 rotor disks 3 and 4. These in turn can each be via ball-mounted drive shafts 12 and 13 by means of

Electric motors 5 and 6 are driven in opposite directions. To obtain a stable construction, the drive shafts 12 and 13 are connected to the housing 2 via a series of web plates 14. In Fig. 3 and 4, the two rotor disks 3 and 4 are shown in a meshing state, and indeed has the rotor disk 3 three annularly arranged rings 3.1 - 3.3 and the rotor disk 4 two ring-shaped arranged wreaths 4.1 and 4.2. The respective wreaths 3.1 - 3.3 and 4.1 and 4.2 are uniform with harassment in the form of the same

Fan blades 15 fitted, the rotor disks 3 and 4 rotate in opposite directions in the operating state, which is indicated by the direction of rotation arrows 16 and 17.

The wreaths 3.1 - 3.3 and the wreaths 4.1 and 4.2 are per rotor disk in their

Width formed differently and can with their same fan blades 15 contactlessly mesh with each other, which is clearly visible in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4a. The latter is made possible above all by ring channels 18, which are each recessed in the rotor disks 3 and 4 corresponding to the course of the individual rings 3.1 - 3.3 and 4.1 and 4.2, so that the respective fan blades 15 extend with their end faces into the respective annular channels 18 and can form a kind of labyrinth seals. In this case, these annular channels 18 prevent a passage of material under the fan blades 15, wherein the respective gap width - designated by a - can be 2 to 5 mm. Further, these types of labyrinth seals cause the resistance to flow under the fan blades 15 to be increased thereby causing the granules of the feedstock to move between the fan blades 15 in a main flow 19 (FIG. 5). How this behaves the designated 20 starting material is indicated in Fig. 6.

FIGS. 7 and 7 a, b show the geometry of a first exemplary embodiment of the fan blades 15, the inner surfaces of which - designated by 23 - are directed toward the center of the housing 2 in the installed state. The degree of bending of these fan blades 15 is defined so that this is determined by the ratio of the lengths a and b shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, wherein here expediently the length b should correspond to about 10% of the chord length. The inclination angle designated α on the other hand, with regard to the horizontal, it may be between 4 and 15 °, preferably between 8 and 10 °.

The fan blades 15 are plugged on one side by means of a bolt 21 on the respective rotor disks 3 and 4 and otherwise welded thereto, indicated at 22 in Fig. 7b.

Furthermore, the respective inner surfaces 23 of the fan blades 15 are formed with a profiled collision surface, which fills in the operating state with the starting material 20 and thereby protects the fan blades 15 from premature wear. Here, the arrangement and the size of the toothing of the inner surfaces 23 is dependent on the number of fan blades 15, d. H. the angle designated by β can be between 30 and 120 ° and the angle denoted by y can be between 50 and 120 °.

In order to keep wear on the fan blades 15 as low as possible, they can be provided in the direction of rotation with one impact pin 24 in each case. The latter may be cylindrical, which is then arranged such that it is supported in a recess 25 which corresponds to the shape of the impact pin 24 frontally at each

Fan blades 15 is provided. In this case, the recesses 25 may have a size of about 1/3 of the circumference of the impact pins 24, which ensures that no problems with respect to vibration and strength of the impact pins 24 may occur.

The impact pins 24 are inserted from the rear side through the rotor disks 3 and 4 and are connected thereto by a backwardly extended cone 26, e.g. held by a press fit. The impact pins 24 and the fan blades 15 may be e.g. made of porcelain, ceramics, hardened steel, cast steel and the like exist.

Finally, FIGS. 8 and 8 a, b show a second exemplary embodiment of fan blades 15. 1 in the form of a so-called segment fan blade whose geometry is in principle identical to the geometry of the first Embodiment of the fan blade 15 matches, but here the recess 25 is omitted, since no impact pin 24 is provided. For this segment fan blades 15.1 are provided with a flange 27 and are inserted through the rotor disks 3 and 4 so that they recessed with its flange 27 back to the rotor disks 3 and 4 and flush with these z. B. are held by a press fit.

Advantageously, in the manufacture of the fan blades 15 (15.1.), These deformed by a cold pressing or by a forging process, wherein the forging better hardening is achieved.

The operation of the present invention is as follows:

The device 1 according to the invention is used for fine grinding or for micronization of mineral and / or organic minerals and can have 3 to 7 rows of wreaths, preferably 5 rows of wreaths distributed uniformly over the counter-rotating rotor disks.

The rotational speeds of the rotor disks can be at 3000-4000, preferably at about 3600 RPM and the capacity of the device should be 300-500 kg / h in order to achieve economic success.

For this purpose, the starting material 20 is introduced via the filler neck 9 in the central part of the counter-rotating by the electric motors 5 and 6 rotor discs 3 and 4, which is supported by the existing suction force, which arises due to the centrifugal forces, which

Granules of the raw material in the direction of the outer edge of the housing 2 accelerates. The granules strike the fan blades 15 (15.1) of the opposite wreaths 3.1 - 3.3 and 4.1 and 4.2 and change their direction of movement constantly in rapid succession. In this process, the granules also beat and rub against one another and thus flow through the individual rings (FIG. 5) until they are finely comminuted, ie micronized, and then with an increased free energy and reactivity the blade system again via the dispensing nozzle 10 leave. In such a fine grinding of the starting material 20 is to be noted that the size of the distances a in the region of the annular channels 18 each of the

Condition of the raw material components to be processed, i. from their moisture content, hardness, origin, chemical

Composition and the like. If e.g. the input granulation of the material <

1 mm, this means that the minimum distance for a between the

Fan blades 15 (15.1) and the annular channels should be 18> than 1 mm, to allow any passage of the material. As a measure of the gap and the overlap a has proven here a distance of 2 mm.

Even when mounting in particular the rotor disks 3 and 4 must be paid to the highest possible parallelism, so that the individual fan blades 15 (15.1) can also run perfectly contactless with their end portions in the annular channels 18, which is relatively large compared to the prior art Diameter of the rotor disks 3 and 4 of preferably 500 mm requires a certain accuracy.

With regard to the use of the micronized minerals or the like prepared in particular with the device according to the invention or of micronized minerals generally prepared as active ingredient for strengthening plants, the following was observed

1st embodiment

On a vineyard in Austria, certain types of wine such as Welsch-Riesling, Grüner Veltliner, etc. were treated on an area of 14 hectares with micronized calcites, with the aim of increasing yields and plant protection. The grapevines had an age of

15 to 20 years and stood on a sandy to sandy-loamy soil. It was deliberately a pano-climate with relatively high humidity selected, since under these conditions more frequent infestations of fungal diseases such as Peronospora, Oidium, etc. can be observed. Served as a reference surface a neighboring 500 hectare vineyard with the same grape varieties and similar soil conditions.

In the field trial, the entire soil surface was initially sprayed with a solution containing 40 kg micronized calcite per hectare. Further soil fertilization was not carried out during the entire trial period. Foliar fertilization then took place in certain periods from the beginning

May to mid-September each year a fine irrigation with 800 l of water per hectare, each containing 5 kg of dissolved micronized calcite, with their grain size was below 10 microns.

Surprisingly, in this site trial, the harvest time was significantly shortened compared to the previous years and compared to the neighboring vineyards, i. she was about 3 weeks shorter. The quality of the grapes and the must has also been significantly improved. Depending on the variety, it amounted to 3 - 4 Klosterneuburg grades (corresponding to 18 - 24 Oechsle grades), so that late harvesting could already be achieved at normal ripening times. The yield improved by about 8 - 10% depending on the type of wine.

Furthermore, surprisingly, a decrease in pests was found. No prophylactic conventional pest control was done throughout the trial period. Nevertheless, there was no occurrence of fungal diseases. For comparison, had in the adjacent vineyards, which were fertilized in a conventional way, despite prophylaxis 8

- 10 times per season a radical fight, especially against Peronospora infestations, be performed.

Previously, about one third of the total area of the experimental area, distributed by all cultures, especially in the variety Grüner Veltlinger, for many years by the fungal disease chlorosis (chlorophyll deficiency) haunted. About 5% of the total area also showed the symptoms of necrosis. During the overall trial period, however, no symptoms of both fungal diseases were found, ie the causing deficiency in the plants was successfully remedied by treatment with the calcites according to the invention.

With regard to the use of the micronized minerals or the like produced in particular with the device according to the invention or of micronized minerals generally prepared as active substance for the reduction of odor, the following has emerged

2nd embodiment

conducted: Here, the retention capacity of the employed micronized calcite and was first generally determined, although in this case, a water amount of 10 I ₁ which was enriched with ammonium in a concentration of 780 ppm, by slowly poured through a filter paper, which was coated with 200 g calcites , The concentration of ammonium ions dropped

35 ppm, ie by 95.7%, with field tests confirming this, as the following exemplary embodiments show:

3rd embodiment

In this experiment, 20 l of pig manure were mixed with 200 g of micronized calcite and stirred into it. An immediate odor reduction was found, and this was so clear that hardly a trace of stench was perceived.

4th embodiment

Here, in a large-scale experiment on a pig farm with 3000 fattening pigs (at the age of 4 months) a surface spread was made, with a dosage of micronized calcites of 40 g / qm

Floor area. Again, an immediate change in atmosphere was detected, ie the coarse load. fell by 80 to 85%. Thereafter, the pigsty was further treated for 90 days, with the application each the same amount every three days. Here, a much calmer behavior of the animals was observed, with diseases completely absent.

5th embodiment

Finally, another attempt was made to speed up the composting of waste successfully. Here, a mixture of 50% by weight of chicken manure and 50% by weight of micronized calcites was prepared and then subjected to a composting process. A compost acceleration of more than 70% could be determined. Even at a blending ratio of 30% calcite and 70% chicken manure, a shortening of the composting period of almost 70% was still obtained. The application of these mixtures as fertilizers to various plants has shown that the valency of such mixtures can be said to be relatively high.

Suffix list

Claims

claims

1. Apparatus for modifying the structure of minerals or the like, in particular for their micronization, with rotors (3, 4), the baffles (15; 15.1), between which the minerals or the like. In a housing (2.1, 2.2) subjected to a dynamic impact and / or friction process,

characterized,

in that the counter-rotating rotors are designed as rotor disks (3, 4) whose annularly arranged baffles (15; 15.1) extend axially into the interior of the housing (2) such that the rotor disks (3, 4) in FIG

Operating condition without contact pass each other.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the annularly arranged baffles (15, 15.1) frontally in the adjacent rotor disc (3 or 4) provided annular channels (18) extend without contact.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the annular channels (18) together with the front end portions of the baffles (15; 15.1) form a kind of labyrinth seals.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor discs (3, 4) a plurality of concentrically arranged rings (3.1 - 3.3; 4.1, 4.2) with the baffles (15; 15.1) have.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that at least two rotor disks (3, 4) are provided, of which a rotor disk (3) in particular three and the other rotor disk (4) in particular two Wreaths (3.1 - 3.3, 4.1, 4.2) with the baffles (15, 15.1), wherein the wreaths (3.1 - 3.3, 4.1, 4.2) in contact with each other without contact.

6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the

Wreaths (3.1 - 3.3) in the one rotor disk (3) relative to the wreaths (4.1, 4.2) in the other rotor disk (4) have a different width.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the baffles of the rotor discs (3, 4) each as a kind of curved fan blade (15; 15.1) are formed.

8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner surfaces (23) of the curved fan blades (15; 15.1) in the installed state are directed towards the center of the housing (2).

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the fan blades (15; 15.1) are defined by a degree of bending which is determined by the ratio of the lengths a and b shown in Fig. 7 and 8, wherein the length b is about 10 % of the chord length corresponds.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the fan blades (15, 15.1) have an inclination angle α with respect to the horizontal, which is between 4 to 15 °, in particular between 8 to 10 °.

11. Device according to one of claims 7 - 10, characterized in that the bent fan blades (15) on one side by means of a bolt (21) on the rotor discs (3, 4) inserted and otherwise possibly welded with these (22).

12. Device according to one of claims 7 - 11, characterized in that the inner surfaces (23) of the curved fan blades (15; 15.1) are formed as a profiled collision surface.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the curved fan blades (15.1) formed as a segment with a flange (27) and through the rotor discs (3, 4) are inserted such that they with their flange (27) at the back of the Rotor discs (3, 4) sunk and flush with these are held.

14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the curved fan blades (15) in the direction of rotation frontal impact pins (24) are provided.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the

Impact pins (24) in particular cylindrical and are arranged such that they are supported in recesses (25) corresponding to the shape of the impact pins (24) are provided on the front side of the fan blades (15).

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the recesses (25) have a size of about 1/3 of the circumference of the impact pins (24).

17. Device according to one of claims 14-16, characterized in that the impact pins (24) from the back through the rotor discs (3, 4) inserted and to this by a rear-side widened cone (26), for. are held with a press fit.

18. Device according to one of claims 14 - 17, characterized in that the impact pins (24) consist of porcelain.

19. Method of treating plants, reducing odor, composting waste, producing of plant protection products, etc. with a comminuted substance, characterized in that a micronized mineral or the like is used as the substance.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that serve as micronized minerals or the like. Those which have been produced by means of the device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 18.

21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the micronized minerals or the like. As foliar fertilizers are applied to green plants.

22. The method according to at least one of claims 19 - 21, characterized in that micronized minerals or the like. As

Plant protection products serve.

23. The method according to at least one of claims 19 - 22, characterized in that micronized minerals or the like. Are applied in powder form to the plants.

24. The method according to at least one of claims 19-22, characterized in that micronized minerals or the like. In the form of an aqueous solution or suspension are applied to the plants.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the concentration of micronized minerals or the like. In the aqueous solution or suspension is between 0.3 and 0.6%.

26. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 19 to 25, characterized in that the micronized minerals or the like. Have a particle size <15 microns.

27. Use of micronized minerals or the like. Which have been exposed to a particular dynamic impact and / or friction process in a turbulent air flow until a change of their specific contact surfaces by destabilizing their mineral structures is carried out, as active ingredient for

Strengthening plants.

28. Use according to claim 27, characterized in that serve as micronized minerals or the like. Those which have been produced by means of the device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 18.

29. Use according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the micronized minerals or the like. Serve as foliar fertilizer in green plants.

30. Use according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that micronized minerals or the like serve as crop protection agents.

31. The use of micronized minerals or the like. Which have been exposed in a turbulent air flow of a particular dynamic impact and / or friction process until a change of their specific contact surfaces by destabilization of their mineral structures is carried out, as odor binder of particular ammonium-containing waste in animal husbandry and / or for improving the fertilising value of animal waste.

32. Use according to claim 31, characterized in that micronized minerals or the like. Serve in dissolved form for spraying odor-contaminated by particular mass animal husbandry spaces.

33. Use according to claims 31 or 32, characterized in that micronized minerals or the like. Of a liquid manure or manure are added for odor reduction.

34. Use of micronized minerals or the like, which have been exposed in a turbulent air flow of a particular dynamic impact and / or friction process until a change of their specific contact surfaces by destabilization of their mineral structures is carried out, as a means for accelerating the Composting of waste.

35. Use according to at least one of claims 27 - 34, characterized in that serves as a mineral or the like. At least one calcite.

36. Use according to at least one of claims 27 - 35, characterized in that serves as a mineral or the like. Dolomite.

37. Use according to at least one of claims 27 to 36, characterized by a mixture of micronised calcite, zeolite and a microsized chlorophyll-containing additive such as algae, nettle, etc.

38. Use according to at least one of claims 19 - 31 and / or 34- 37, characterized in that in each case minerals are included, which come from the components N, P and / or K in all starting minerals and later possible combinations used.

39. Use according to at least one of claims 19 - 31 and / or 34- 37, characterized in that in each case minerals zeolite and calcite beinhalteen and together with the seed of the Neam tree as

Plant protection products can be used.

40. Use according to at least one of claims 19 - 31 and / or 34- 37, characterized in that in each case minerals zeolite and calcite and can be used together with the powder of the Ambrosia plant and others of the same or similar family as a plant protection product.