DE4322420A1 - Combination in-situ process for ground water purification - Google Patents
Combination in-situ process for ground water purificationInfo
- Publication number
- DE4322420A1 DE4322420A1 DE19934322420 DE4322420A DE4322420A1 DE 4322420 A1 DE4322420 A1 DE 4322420A1 DE 19934322420 DE19934322420 DE 19934322420 DE 4322420 A DE4322420 A DE 4322420A DE 4322420 A1 DE4322420 A1 DE 4322420A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- well
- water
- voltage
- pipe
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000295146 Gallionellaceae Species 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001503485 Mammuthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012414 sterilization procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
- E21B37/08—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells cleaning in situ of down-hole filters, screens, e.g. casing perforations, or gravel packs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4676—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction
- C02F1/4678—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction of metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beseitigung von Verockerungen in Brunnen, die zur Wasserentnahme dienen (Grund- und Trinkwasser). Ein Spezialfall stellt ein Stripbrunnen zur in-situ Reinigung von Grundwasser das, bei dem Wasser entnommen und gleichzeitig gereinigt wird.The invention relates to a method for eliminating Blockages in wells that are used for water extraction (basic and Drinking water). A special case is a strip fountain for in-situ Purification of groundwater that where water is taken from and is cleaned at the same time.
In bisher gebräuchlichen Verfahren kommt das Strippen von Grundwasser zum Entfernen von leichtflüchtigen Verunreinigungen zum Einsatz. In DE 90 05 565 U1 wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das das Strippen von Grundwasser innerhalb eines Brunnens in-situ ermöglicht. Dabei werden durch die innige Vermischung des eingebrachten Gases und dem durch Einleiten der Luft geförderten Wasser Verunreinigungen mit großer Henry-Koeffizienten wie z. B. CKW oder BTX aus dem Wasser ausgelöst und abgeführt.In previously used processes, stripping comes from Groundwater to remove volatile contaminants for use. DE 90 05 565 U1 describes a method which stripping groundwater in-situ within a well enables. The intimate mixing of the introduced gas and the extracted by introducing the air Water impurities with large Henry coefficients such as B. CKW or BTX released and discharged from the water.
Bei den bisher gebräuchlichen Verfahren kann es beim Strippen mit Luft durch den Luftsauerstoff zu Verockerungen im Brunnenbereich kommen.In the previously used methods it can be used for stripping Air through the atmospheric oxygen to blockages in the well area come.
Da die gesamte Reinigungsleistung eines solchen Systems stark vom Verhältnis Grundwasser zur Menge der eingebrachten Luft abhängt können durch die Oxidation von Fe2+ zu Fe3+, das schwerlöslich ist und als Eisenoxid bzw. Eisenhydroxid ausfällt, erhebliche Durchflußprobleme im Brunnen auftreten. Auch wenn man das Problem durch Strippen mit einem inerten Gas zu umgehen sucht, ist eine Oxidation des Fe2+ durch bestimmte Eisenbakterien (z. B. Galionella spec.) möglich. Durch die eintretenden Verockerungen werden Zu- und Abläufe der Brunnen verstopft, was den Wasserdurchsatz erheblich reduziert und die Reinigungsleistung des Brunnen herabsetzt. Bei gewöhnlichen Entnahmebrunnen wird die Grundwasserentnahme erschwert bzw. unmöglich gemacht (DVGW Regelwerk Merkblatt W131).Since the total cleaning performance of such a system strongly depends on the ratio of groundwater to the amount of air introduced, the oxidation of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ , which is sparingly soluble and precipitates as iron oxide or iron hydroxide, can cause considerable flow problems in the well. Even if you try to work around the problem by stripping with an inert gas, oxidation of the Fe 2+ by certain iron bacteria (e.g. Galionella spec.) Is possible. Due to the occlusion that occurs, the inlets and outlets of the wells are blocked, which significantly reduces the water throughput and reduces the cleaning performance of the well. With ordinary wells, groundwater extraction is made difficult or impossible (DVGW regulations leaflet W131).
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren löst das schwerlösliche, dreiwertige Eisen durch eine elektrochemische Umwandlung in zweiwertiges Eisen. Voraussetzung für das Verfahren ist, daß der Grundwasserbrunnen oder In-Situ-Strip-Brunnen im betroffenen und zu behandelnden Filterbereich aus einem leitenden Material besteht. Durch das Anlegen einer Spannung von etwa 2 bis 5 V läßt sich die Verockerung lösen, indem die jeweilige Filterstrecke als Kathode fungiert (Kathodische Reduktion) und z. B., im Fall der Verockerung im oberen Bereich des Förderrohrs, die Injektionslanze als Anode dient. Tritt im Bereich des Zulaufs eine Verockerung durch mikrobakteriellen Einfluß auf, kann man durch einen kurzzeitigen Wechsel in der Polarität (Filterstrecke als Anode) in bestimmten Zeitintervallen im Wasser einem Milieuwechsel von anaerob zu aerob erreichen, da Sauerstoff elektrochemisch erzeugt wird. Die kurzfristige Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff bringt die Eisenbakterien zum Absterben. Möchte man das Umpolen vermeiden, kann man auch andere Verfahren zur Entkeimung einsetzen, um die mikrobiologische Verockerung zu verhindern, z. B. Brunnenregenerierung auf mechanischem oder chemischem Weg.The method according to the invention solves the poorly soluble, trivalent Iron through an electrochemical conversion to divalent Iron. The prerequisite for the procedure is that the Groundwater wells or in-situ strip wells in the affected and closed treating filter area consists of a conductive material. By applying a voltage of about 2 to 5 V, the Loosen clogging by using the respective filter section as the cathode acts (cathodic reduction) and z. B., in the case of stiffening in the upper area of the delivery pipe, the injection lance as an anode serves. If there is an obstruction in the area of the inlet Microbacterial influence can be caused by a short-term Change in polarity (filter section as anode) in certain Time intervals in the water a change of environment from anaerobic to aerobic achieve because oxygen is generated electrochemically. The short term The presence of oxygen kills the iron bacteria. If you want to avoid reverse polarity, you can also do other things Sterilization procedures to use the microbiological To prevent stiffening, e.g. B. Well regeneration mechanical or chemical way.
Fig. 1 bis Fig. 3 zeigen Ausführungsformen für die elektrochemische Auflösung von Verockerungen. Fig. 1 through Fig. 3 show embodiments for the electrochemical dissolution of ocherings.
In Fig. 1 wird ein Brunnen, geeignet für das in-situ-Strippen schematisch dargestellt. Der Brunnen besteht aus dem Förderrohr 1, das in den mit Schadstoffen belasteten Grundwasserbereich hereinragt. Das Förderrohr wird im oberen Drittel seiner Länge vom Mantelrohr 4 konzentrisch umhüllt. Eine Injektorlanze 5, zentrisch in der Mitte des Förderrohres 1 angeordnet, endet mit ihrer Begasungsöffnung unterhalb des Grundwasserspiegels. Über die Öffnungen 6 der Lanze wird z. B. Außenluft über die Zuluft 7 in den nach außen abgeschlossenen Brunnen eingebracht. Nach dem Prinzip der Mammutpumpe wird dadurch der Wasserspiegel im Brunnen angehoben, das heißt, daß verunreinigtes Wasser aus dem Zulaufbereich 3 in den Brunnen fließt. Das Wasser wird angehoben und mit dem eingepreßten Gas vermischt. Im eigentlichen Strippbereich 9 zwischen Förderrohr 1 und Injektorlanze werden die gaslöslichen Verunreinigungen vom Wasser in die Gasphase transferiert. Das aufschäumende, zur Reinigung gebrachte Wasser fällt über die Abrißkante 8 des Förderrohrs in das äußere Mantelrohr. Über den Ablauf 10 kann das Wasser anschließend versickern. Zur kathodischen Reduktion im Bereich der Überlaufkante 8 wird das Förderrohr 1 zumindest im Bereich der Verfilterung mit dem negativen Pol einer Spannungsquelle verbunden. Als Anode dient die Injektorlanze als Ganzes oder aber ein im fraglichen Bereich aufgebrachtes Elektrodenmaterial. Die Injektorlanze muß dann über Isolationsmaterial 14 elektrisch isoliert werden. Sie wird mit dem positiven Pol der Spannungsquelle 12 verbunden. Der Anschluß des Förderrohrs erfolgt an den negativen Pol 13. Besteht der Brunnen nur im Bereich der Verfilterung muß der elektrische Anschluß über eine elektrische Leitung und einen Kontakt 15 erfolgen.In Fig. 1 a well suitable for in-situ stripping is shown schematically. The well consists of the delivery pipe 1 , which protrudes into the groundwater area contaminated with pollutants. The conveyor tube is enveloped concentrically by the casing tube 4 in the upper third of its length. An injector lance 5 , arranged centrally in the middle of the delivery pipe 1 , ends with its gassing opening below the groundwater level. About the openings 6 of the lance z. B. Outside air introduced through the supply air 7 in the well closed to the outside. According to the principle of the mammoth pump, the water level in the well is thereby raised, that is to say that contaminated water flows from the inlet area 3 into the well. The water is raised and mixed with the injected gas. In the actual stripping area 9 between the delivery pipe 1 and the injector lance, the gas-soluble impurities are transferred from the water into the gas phase. The foaming water brought for cleaning falls over the tear-off edge 8 of the delivery pipe into the outer casing pipe. The water can then seep away through the outlet 10 . For cathodic reduction in the area of the overflow edge 8 , the delivery pipe 1 is connected to the negative pole of a voltage source at least in the area of the filtering. The injector lance serves as the anode as a whole or else an electrode material applied in the area in question. The injector lance must then be electrically isolated via insulation material 14 . It is connected to the positive pole of the voltage source 12 . The delivery pipe is connected to the negative pole 13 . If the well exists only in the area of the filtering, the electrical connection must be made via an electrical line and a contact 15 .
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform, die der Auflösung von Verockerungen im Wasserablaufbereich dient. Hierzu muß das Förderrohr zumindest im zu behandelnden Bereich über einen Kontakt 16 mit dem positiven Pol 12 einer Spannungsquelle verbunden werden. Der Gegenpol 13 liegt am Kontakt 15 am Mantelrohr im Verfilterungsbereich an. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform ist es wichtig, daß die einzelnen elektrisch leitenden Brunnenbereiche voneinander isoliert werden 14. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment that serves to dissolve blockages in the water drainage area. For this purpose, the delivery pipe must be connected at least in the area to be treated via a contact 16 to the positive pole 12 of a voltage source. The opposite pole 13 bears against the contact 15 on the jacket tube in the filtering area. In this embodiment too, it is important that the individual electrically conductive well regions are insulated from one another 14 .
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Brunnenausführung, die eine Verockerung im Zulauf durch das Auftreten von Eisenbakterien bekämpfen kann. Auch beim Strippen mit inerten Gasen findet im Zulaufbereich durch diese Bakterien ein Verstopfen der Filter durch ausfallendes Eisen statt. Um diese Verstopfung aufzulösen, muß die Injektorlanze um die Elektrode 16, an der zunächst eine positive Spannung anliegt, in den Zulaufbereich verlängert werden. Über den Kontakt 15 wird der Zulauffilter unter Spannung gesetzt. Um nach gelungener Auflösung der Verstopfung eine erneute mikrobakterielle Besiedlung zu unterdrücken bzw. zu unterbinden, werden die Elektroden umgepolt. Der durch die Elektrolyse von Wasser entstehenden Sauerstoff läßt die vorhandenen Eisenbakterien absterben. Fig. 3 shows a well design, which can fight a blockage in the inlet by the appearance of iron bacteria. Even when stripping with inert gases, these bacteria in the inlet area cause the filters to become clogged with precipitated iron. In order to resolve this blockage, the injector lance around the electrode 16 , to which a positive voltage is initially applied, must be extended into the inlet area. The inlet filter is energized via contact 15 . In order to suppress or prevent renewed microbial colonization after the constipation has been successfully resolved, the electrodes are reversed. The oxygen generated by the electrolysis of water kills the iron bacteria present.
Claims (9)
- a) Verwendung von elektrisch leitfähigem Material zumindest in den Filterbereichen des Brunnens
- b) einen Gaseintrag im Brunnenrohr, der durch Zufuhr von Injektionsgas oder Absaugung von Abgas im Gang gehalten wird und einen Wasserkreislauf bewirkt und
- c) Anlegen einer Spannung an die Filterbereiche.
- a) Use of electrically conductive material at least in the filter areas of the well
- b) a gas entry in the well pipe, which is kept in motion by supplying injection gas or exhaust gas and causes a water cycle and
- c) Applying a voltage to the filter areas.
- a) Verwendung eines elektrisch leitfähigen Materials zumindest im Filterbereich des Brunnens
- b) Anlegen einer Spannung an den Filterbereich.
- a) Use of an electrically conductive material at least in the filter area of the well
- b) Applying a voltage to the filter area.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934322420 DE4322420C2 (en) | 1993-07-06 | 1993-07-06 | Combined groundwater purification using the in-situ method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934322420 DE4322420C2 (en) | 1993-07-06 | 1993-07-06 | Combined groundwater purification using the in-situ method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4322420A1 true DE4322420A1 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
DE4322420C2 DE4322420C2 (en) | 1995-10-05 |
Family
ID=6492050
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934322420 Expired - Fee Related DE4322420C2 (en) | 1993-07-06 | 1993-07-06 | Combined groundwater purification using the in-situ method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4322420C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19502631A1 (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-07-25 | Christian Dede | Process and assembly for removing volatile pollutants from water at low pressure |
GB2579523B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2023-05-17 | Chevron Usa Inc | Devices and methods for the remediation of groundwater |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9005565U1 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1990-07-19 | Frese, Hermann, 2808 Syke | Facility for purifying groundwater |
DE3940433C1 (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1990-11-22 | Ieg - Industrie-Engineering Gmbh, 7410 Reutlingen, De | |
EP0457261A1 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-11-21 | TEGEO Tegtmeyer Geophysik GmbH | Apparatus for purification, for example of contaminated groundwater |
DE4035110A1 (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-05-07 | Santec Gmbh | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IN-SITU DECONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CONTAINED WITH HEAVY METALS |
DE4129511A1 (en) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-03-11 | Zueblin Ag | DEVICE FOR CLEANING GROUND WATER BY STRIPING WITH A GAS, IN PARTICULAR AIR |
DE4204991A1 (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-01 | Ieg Ind Engineering Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INFLUENCING LIQUID IN THE GROUND |
-
1993
- 1993-07-06 DE DE19934322420 patent/DE4322420C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3940433C1 (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1990-11-22 | Ieg - Industrie-Engineering Gmbh, 7410 Reutlingen, De | |
DE9005565U1 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1990-07-19 | Frese, Hermann, 2808 Syke | Facility for purifying groundwater |
EP0457261A1 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-11-21 | TEGEO Tegtmeyer Geophysik GmbH | Apparatus for purification, for example of contaminated groundwater |
DE4035110A1 (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-05-07 | Santec Gmbh | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IN-SITU DECONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CONTAINED WITH HEAVY METALS |
DE4129511A1 (en) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-03-11 | Zueblin Ag | DEVICE FOR CLEANING GROUND WATER BY STRIPING WITH A GAS, IN PARTICULAR AIR |
DE4204991A1 (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-01 | Ieg Ind Engineering Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INFLUENCING LIQUID IN THE GROUND |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Nold-Brunnenfilterbuch, 6.Aufl., (1989), J.F.Nold GmbH + Co KG, 6081 Stockstadt am Rhein, S.204-209 * |
Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9.Aufl., Bd.2 (1990), Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart-New York, S.1091-1092, Stichwort "Eisenbakterien" * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19502631A1 (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-07-25 | Christian Dede | Process and assembly for removing volatile pollutants from water at low pressure |
GB2579523B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2023-05-17 | Chevron Usa Inc | Devices and methods for the remediation of groundwater |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4322420C2 (en) | 1995-10-05 |
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D2 | Grant after examination | ||
8363 | Opposition against the patent | ||
8365 | Fully valid after opposition proceedings | ||
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |