DE4306094A1 - Environmentally friendly, multi-seated light vehicle with manual drive - Google Patents

Abstract

Known light vehicles with manual drive have great deficiencies in the underbody and in the load-bearing capability, deficient or not sufficiently adaptable protection against the weather, not enough transportation capacity, poor noise damping, insufficient cabin or window ventilation, mostly poor aerodynamics and not a very attractive design. An auxiliary drive is generally not provided. They can be difficult to lock. The novel vehicle is intended to offer a forward-looking overall design, to remove all substantial short-comings and to represent a genuine alternative to the car in local traffic. The novel vehicle has a fully sprung underbody with high-pressure tyres, four wheels integrated into the body and - by arranging the bottom-bracket bearing (37) in front of the front axle - an optimum axle-load distribution, maximum load-bearing capability with the least amount of wear and compact external dimensions. It offers optimum air-conditioning control of the interior by virtue of large-sized interior ventilation (12, 84) and adaptation to the weather by virtue of movable body parts - such as, for example windscreen (7), side windows (8), roof (6). Complete suspension, consequent noise damping and comfortable seats covered with open-meshed fabric increase the comfort. A rear loading space with a volume of at least 0.1 m<3> increases the useful value. An auxiliary motor which is limited in speed and output increases its suitability for use in hills. A self-supporting plastic body (1) makes possible low aerodynamic drag and a good design. Special ... Original abstract incomplete.

Description

Increasing environmental and traffic problems caused all through the vast increase in car traffic, have in Recent years of increased activity in the Development of new ones, especially for local traffic tailored vehicle concepts led. In the foreground is the use of clean energy sources, such as Solar energy and muscle power. Have become known Vehicles somewhere between bike and small car are to be classified.

An environmentally friendly light vehicle for public transport should:

• - be compact, agile and light,
• - be all-weather,
• - be quiet to the outside and inside
• - have space as in a mini-car,
• - adequate comfort, safety and a lot of driving pleasure Offer,
• - for transverse parking and cross-loading in future Be piggyback systems suitable
• - extremely low, yet consume clean energy, where muscle power and solar energy are the preferred ones Are energy sources,
• - prescribed by law Use privileges, such as B. in Germany for Bicycles, mopeds, mopeds or solar mobiles exist, by a corresponding degree of motorisation,
• - be easy to lock,
• - by good design and high utility value to Motivate use.

On the other hand, it does not need to be fast. On the contrary:

• - the average speed in city traffic decreases for passenger cars from year to year. The 20-30 km / h "slow" Bicycle is on the short haul up to 4 km, d. H. on soon 1/3 of all trips, often the "fastest" Transport.  
• - Tempo 30 or even pace will be in many centers and residential areas nationwide introduced. Traffic planners want slow, traffic calming vehicles, and pull these immovable obstacles. Some cities judge already bicycle routes.
• - The maximum transport capacity (vehicles per hour) reach typical inner-city streets at one Vehicle speed of 15 km / h - 25 km / h, depending on Road width, cross traffic, etc. slow Vehicles increase the transport performance of the road.
• - Low speed is by far the best Contribute to increased traffic safety, to less Energy consumption and fewer emissions.

Environmentally friendly light vehicles should be in Speed range 15-30 km / h act.

Muscle-powered vehicles can do this To meet the requirements profile well. The results of many sporting competitions, as well as daily practice show that muscle powered vehicles, at least flatter Track, operated in the optimal speed range can be. Slippery disguised vehicles reach amazing speeds: up to over 60 km / h.

The total air resistance ( _cw * A) of an aerodynamically shaped, multi-seat light vehicle is 20 -50% below that of a normal city bike. When using high-pressure tires, the rolling resistance is approximately in the range of a Dutch bicycle. At the level, better driving performance is achieved (10-20% faster). On larger slopes, the higher dead weight of 60-80 kg has to be considered. The performance decreases compared to the city bike, with two persons walking, by about 15%, with only one stepping person, by about 35%. This would make the use of an auxiliary engine meaningful.

The potential stuck in muscle vehicles was already in the 20s and 30s recognized their evolution  and successful application but from the upcoming Autoboom overrun. Examples of such, for everyday use thought vehicles are:

• 1st postcard vehicle (around 1930) from the series Cultural Recycling, Distribution Discordia, PO Box 1209, W-5220 Waldbröl, Order No .: KR 1743.
• 2. Vehicle of Axelrod, V. Dovydènas, Velomobile, Publisher Technik, Berlin 1990, 1st edition, p. 24, picture 2.5.
• 3. Curry-Landskiff 1930, Frank Rowland Whitt and David Gordon Wilson, Bicycling Science, Publisher MIT-Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, p. 320 Fig. 12.12.
• 4. Russian velomobile, Konstanz scoreboard from 16.7.1992, no. 29/92, title page and p. 2.
• 5th Tandemdreirad by Ernst Winzenried, Info Bull Nr. 46, 1992, club magazine of Future Bike CM, editorial Christian Precht, Chleematte 8, CH-5243 Mülligen Cover photo.
• 6. Tanride, Provelo No. 29, publisher Burkhard Butcher, self-published, Riethweg 3, W-3100 Celle, P. 14.
• 7. Polish Velomobiles, Bulletin No. 9, 1986, Editorial address Moserstrasse 15, CH-2503 Biel, p. 6.
• 8. recreational vehicle with canopy, German utility model No. 7234627.
• 9. Three-seater, open four-wheel, Imperial patent No. 16,281th
• 10. Pedicars, Velomobile, V. Dovydènas, Verlag Technik, Berlin 1990, 1st edition, p. 107, Figure 8.3 b, c, d.
• 11. Kolibri-35, Velomobile, V. Dovydènas, Verlag Technik, Berlin 1990, 1st edition, p. 108, Figure 8.4.
• 12. Velotron, Velomobile, V. Dovydènas, Verlag Technik, Berlin 1990, 1st edition, p. 108, picture 8.5.
• 13. V-10, Velomobile, V. Dovydènas, Verlag Technik, Berlin 1990, 1st edition, p. 67, Figure 5.12.  
• 14. Familiale, Future Bike, Infobull No. 32, 1990, Editorial staff Martin Roth, Sandacker 14, CH-8154 Oberglatt, p. 10 and 11.
• 15th TWIKE, exit future, Frederic Vester, publishing house Wilhelm Heyne Munich 1990, p. 400.
• 16th Leitra, Infobull, Futurebike CM, No. 48, 1992, Editor Christian Precht, Chleematte 8, CH-5243 Mülligen, p. 9, 10.

The developments have become known z. T. still right Imperfect: Often a full weather protection is missing, mostly Charging capacities are low, comfort often Spartan, the aerodynamics i.d.R. often unfavorable, seats are not breathable, the axle load distribution is very high unbalanced.

Only a few have been produced in series. Using the example of Swiss TWIKE (No. 15) you can see how narrow the ridge between good Aerodynamics and high utility value. By the ambitious goal to reach 50 km / h at the level the traffic overview, the raindrops were added Night (very flat windshield), compact length measurements and a sufficiently large luggage space the dictates of Sacrificed aerodynamics and a petty design.

Meanwhile, the whole project threatens one Muscle car for mass transit at this Fixation on - for such a vehicle already off Security reasons "insane" - 50 km / h fail. Because even on gentle gradients is a strong Auxiliary engine necessary together with a stately weight batteries; the muscle power is at most still as Auxiliary drive provided.

The only known vehicle that has the test in practice already successfully passed in 100 copies, Well thought out, and offers full weather protection is the Danish single-seat LEITRA (No. 16). Your Transport capacity exceeds that of a normal bicycle but not, but rather something, children, or  Beverage crates can be z. B. not be taken. The Cabin interior is pretty loud (rattling noises, Chain rattling), the driving behavior is not good-natured. The price is with about 5500, - DM quite high, in contrast to the practical benefits too low for many cases.

Two examples of sufficient transport capacity (two seats plus luggage space) and full weather protection the:

• - Postcard vehicle (# 1).
• - Russian velomobile (# 4).

Major disadvantages are:

• - no place for children,
• - unfavorable aerodynamic shape by edges and protruding wheels,
• - unfavorable axle load distribution and thus limited Payload,
• - missing cabin or window ventilation,
• - too long and too wide for the required volume by protruding wheels,
• - no suspension.

While the evolution of the car in its fundamentals already has been largely completed for years, is located the development in the new class of multi-seat, muscle-powered light vehicles just in the Initial phase. This shows the great variety of Constructions, which are in need of clarification close

• - Should such a vehicle have three or four wheels?
• - Should the wheels be different or the same size his?
• - Should not it be, partly or completely disguised?
• - Should not it, partially or fully suspended?
• - What is the maximum speed to be achieved?
• - Should it be a simple textile or off Plywood panels composite panel and a Chassis or have a self-supporting body?
• - What loading capacity should it offer?
• - What role does the design play?  
• - Should it be more on the bike or more on the car orientate?

Questions of sound insulation, climate control of the interior, the secure lockability, as well as a meaningful Auxiliary engine are hardly treated.

In contrast to the car development, today apparently only detailed developments are feasible are at Muscle vehicles are still quite essential Development progress possible. This can be the usual Car concept can not be easily adopted. On the main difference is z. B. in that the engine in the car, although essential, in a separate room is separated and the vehicle and its user in wide limits can be adapted (adaptation).

In contrast, the "engine" in the motor vehicle is fully in the vehicle concept integrated:

• - He is not only an engine but also a driver and User.
• - He is highly sensitive to overload and bad Climate control.
• - Its "function", unlike the machine, very much of psychological factors co-determined (comfort, driving feel, utility value, Weather protection, auxiliary engine)
• - He is usually even the largest payload.
• - Its dimensions determine the vehicle completely essential (dimensions, weight).
• - He is limited in his performance and needs high Efficiencies in the drive and a minimization of the Travel resistances (rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, Mass).

Around him, the whole vehicle must be built up and on top of him it has to be tuned.

The object of the invention was to provide both a conclusive forward-looking overall concept for such a vehicle too develop as well as technical solutions for  to make important details.

The task field can be in the following, with each other networked areas are divided:

• 1. Development of a compact, self-supporting, full weatherproof, but weather-adaptable Body construction with large usable volume.
• 2. Development of a fully sprung suspension with high Load capacity and safe handling.
• 3. Ergonomic improvements especially in terms of Seating position, traffic overview and climate control of the Interior.
• 4. Minimization of driving resistance.
• 5. Increased comfort by suspension, sound insulation and seating design.
• 6. Increase of driving on slopes, as well Performance motivation of the driver by adapted Auxiliary engine.
• 7. Development of a rattle-free, weight-saving, centrally operated lock for roof, windows and doors.

To solve the complex task outlined above According to the invention, a series of measures taken, the bring the following benefits:

• 1. Four wheels (claim 1.1):
  • - safe driving characteristics,
  • - highest payload due to high carrying capacity, up to about 320 kg total weight, when using high-performance bicycle tires (à 80 kg load capacity)
  • - Less tire wear by less Walk work.
• 2nd track width front min. 85% of the vehicle width, rear min. 75% ( Fig. 2) (claim 1.1):
  • - safe driving characteristics,
  • lower peak load of the outer Ra at high centrifugal forces,
  • - lower bank in suspension,
  • - good use of the interior through far outboard wheel arches
• 3. Extensive, car-like integration of all four wheels in the body ( Fig. 7, 16, 17, 19) (claim 1.1):
  • significantly lower air resistance,
  • - most favorable ratio between external dimensions and interior,
  • - better design (no soapbox)
• 4. tread center in front of the front axle ( Fig. 3, 16, 17, 19) (claim 1.3):
  • - Better distribution of the load on front and rear axle and thus significantly higher load capacity, by approaching closer to the main payload (the drivers) to the front axle,
  • optimum utilization of the external dimensions, since there is no dead space between the pedaling space and the vehicle nose,
  • - larger rear luggage space possible,
  • - better traffic overview at junctions through short bonnet,
  • - less rolling resistance and wear due to lower tire deformation.
• 5. Aerodynamically favorably shaped, wedge-shaped rising from the front to the rear, not or only slightly tapered at the rear and steeply sloping, all-round wind and weather-protecting, self-supporting lightweight body ( Fig. 7, 16, 17, 19) (claim 1.2, 14) :
  • - lower driving resistance due to low weight and low air resistance,
  • - aerodynamically and visually good with simultaneously high usable volume,
  • - Weather independent use possible.
• 6. Use of fiber-reinforced plastics for the body (claim 14):
  • - weight saving,
  • - weatherproof, no corrosion,
  • - good design possibilities.
• 7. Weather adjustment by moving body parts, such. As roof, windows, doors, which can be taken in or on the vehicle by the presence of appropriate storage space and / or brackets ( Fig. 1, 4, 7, 16, 17, 19), the conversion is possible with a few simple steps , by plug-in, screw, toggle fasteners, or remote-operated closing profiles, by moving in easy-running guideways ( 112 ) ( Figs. 7-11, 22-25, 27) (claim 1.2, 10):
  • - Convertible feeling and thus more driving pleasure with appropriate weather
  • - no overheating in the sun, good body cooling,
  • - best sensory contact with the environment and thus better road safety and a positive driving experience
  • - Complete weather protection achievable within a few minutes and therefore usable even in changeable weather, higher usability,
  • - Speed experience (even at only 20 km / h) and speed control by the ride wind.
• 8. Ventilation of the interior even when the cabin is closed by separate inlets and outlets at aerodynamically favorable locations of the body, and with a large, adjustable inlet section (100 cm ² ) ( Fig. 7, 16, 17, 19) (claim 1.4, 12) :
  • - no overheating when the cabin is closed,
  • - even better heat dissipation in partly open cab and thus more comfort,
  • - no or only minimal external energy demand for ventilation by utilizing pressure differences on the body,
  • - in case of regulation fine adaptation to changing conditions,
• 9. Antifog ventilation of the windshield by directed on the inside air inlets in the region of high back pressure ( Fig. 11) (claim 1.5):
  • - increased traffic safety,
  • - additional interior ventilation in the head area,
  • - no additional energy requirement.
• 10. Big, min. 0.1 cbm comprehensive cargo space in the rear part of the body, easily accessible through a large rear door ( Fig. 17) (claim 1.6):
  • - increased use value through transport for children, crates, large purchases or bulky items.
• 11. Four equal, high pressure and sprung wheels, preferably from the bicycle (claim 7):
  • - reduction of load peaks, material conservation,
  • - lower rolling resistance, also on pavement,
  • - higher cornering force of the wheels,
  • - comfort increase,
  • - noise damping,
  • - less tire wear due to less deformation,
  • - lower procurement and maintenance costs.
• 12. tread center not above seat surface ( Fig. 3, h 0) (claim 2):
  • - better traffic overview,
  • - higher load capacity due to space under the seats,
  • - knees do not come into view
  • - ergonomic pedaling position,
  • - easy entry and exit,
  • - The usual car sitting position.
• 13. Two or more pedaling devices, the juxtaposed pedaling devices independently of one another via separate gearboxes acting on the wheel lying on the same side of the vehicle, with rear treadmills the rear as opposite Trethebelpaar ( 92 ) are executed and two articulated push rods ( 93 ) the front pedal are coupled ( Fig. 18) (claim 2, 3, 4):
  • - partnership driving,
  • - higher mileage,
  • - simple technique.
• Additionally with adjacent seats:
  • - personal cadence possible,
  • - no differential necessary.
• 14. body overhang front more than 20%, rear less than 15% of the body length ( Fig. 1) (claim 5):
  • - even better axle load distribution (with full loading load ratio of the axles almost 1: 1).
• 15. Consistent sound insulation of drone- or rattle-prone body and vehicle parts by sound-absorbing pads (eg thin self-adhesive coating), rubber mounting of the chassis and foam pads at points of contact of moving parts (claim 9):
  • - comfort increase,
  • - Increased traffic safety through better external noise perception,
  • - Touch-friendly interior surface,
• 16. anatomically correct, in the waist area slightly bulging, covered with air-permeable but water-repellent fabric seats, with integrated headrest ( Fig. 6) (claim 8):
  • - comfort increase due to good heat and moisture removal, good body adaptation without friction Stel, additional shock absorption,
  • - less risk of injury in the event of accidents.
• 17. Adjustment device for the backrest distance to the bottom bracket and for the backrest inclination (claim 8):
  • - Optimal individual adjustment regarding body size and posture and thus
  • - higher physical efficiency.
• 18. Use of essential parts of the roof, window, or door edge comprehensive closing profiles that can change their shape by means of compressed air or tension wires or cables ( Fig. 22-25) (claim 16):
  • Weight saving by eliminating stiffening frame constructions,
  • - rattle-free,
  • - higher theft security,
  • - Central locking possible.
• 19. Use of a legally set maximum values matched auxiliary motor, preferably electric motor, which is limited in maximum speed and power and is adapted to the vehicle, the performance of the driver and the conditions of use (claim 6):
  • - comfort increase,
  • - motivation of the driver,
  • energetically extremely effective increase of the average speed,
  • - extension of the area of use to hilly terrain and / or one-man driving,
  • - Use of legal privileges, eg. B. Driving on closed areas for cars.
• 20. Extension of the performance of the auxiliary engine if necessary by the coupling of a two-wheeled trailer, which has either only additional battery capacity or also a zus., Powerful engine, and an additional weather-protected cargo space ( Fig. 21) (Claim 13):
  • - Suitability also for the city environment,
  • - no additional load on the vehicle chassis with increase in power due to the two additional wheels of the trailer,
  • - additional load compartment,
  • - Touring possible,
  • - simple regulatory control.
• 21. Use of quick-release and easily accessible and easily accessible battery or battery cases ( FIG. 19) (claim 18):
  • - Expansion of the range by rapid "refueling"
  • - Weight savings through modular adaptation of the battery capacity to the conditions of use.
• 22. Four-wheel steering, with front and rear wheels are steered simultaneously, the impact of the rear wheels by a reduction but only about 70% of the impact of the front wheels and the rear caster measures 0.00 m (claim 17):
  • - smaller turning circle and / or space savings through narrower wheel arches,
  • - less space needed for parking,
  • - Driving impression closer to the front-steered vehicle.
• 23. suspension of the wheels on four highly angled (60 °), pushed forward, trailing rear trailing arms ( 114 ), the axle by axle to the center of the vehicle and the outside in Torsionsfederelementen ( 116 ) made of rubber (ROSTA elements) at an angle between the wheel arch and Vehicle floor, inside in rubber bearings, in each case at particularly reinforced points, are stored, in the vehicle center with each other rotatably connected to each other ( 115 ) and, tapering toward the center, torsionally elastic carbon fiber plastic pipes are made ( Fig. 29) (claim 19):
  • - weight saving,
  • - bank stabilizer,
  • - fewer components,
  • - Antidivorous effect.
• 24. Integration of two, acting as a side member sleepers ( 106 ) with a large-sized cross-section and a high center tunnel ( 105 ) extending from the front to under the seats to the load compartment floor and acts as an additional side member carrying mid-side bottom bracket, the mechanism of power transmission harbors and protects and forms the middle seat support ( Fig. 26) (claim 15):
  • - high stability of the open body,
  • - lower weight due to multifunction,
  • - fewer components.

The present invention thus improves the state of the art in many ways very essential, comfort and Utility value are increased significantly. Here are especially the powerful, comfortable suspension that high transport capacity, the weather adjustment of Body and especially the adapted auxiliary engine emphasized. She is at top speed and Performance is rigorously limited and will, in this Consistent vote on performance and mental needs of the "main human motor", first proposed and opened for such vehicles completely new application areas.

The aim of the auxiliary engine is no longer, the To increase top speed, but it should - off For reasons of energy efficiency, road safety, Environmental Protection, Land Use, Health, Improving the transport capacity of the road system, the Use of "expensive" solar energy - only in Situations that are an overload of the driver (larger gradients, high payload, only one kicking Person) would be given a support which leads to driving speeds than the situation accordingly, is felt sufficient enough.

Auxiliary engine leads so over the psychological Control loop (support where it is really necessary) to synergy effects (eg higher achievement motivation of the Driver).  

Restriction is here for the first time no deficiency, but in each An advantage.

This allows environmentally friendly light vehicles for the first time in serious competition to the car in coping with Transport tasks occur in local traffic, since now a the increasing environmental awareness of many people technical solution is available.

In the following, an embodiment according to the Claims 1, 2, 3, 5-10, 12, due to its Type especially for the small series in craftsmanship Production is suitable, structured according to assemblies:

Specifications L _* B _* H: 2.2 _* 1.17 _* 1.4 m Dimensions: about 80 kg seats: two adult seating next to each other Luggage compartment volume: about 0.55 cbm Type of body: Self-supporting in mixed construction of tubular steel frame and plastic sheet material Air resistance value ( _{cw *} A): about 0.5 Training and entry: by front hood folding front hood Movable body parts: Windscreen, roof rear window, rear door, rear window, front hood Wheels and Landing gear: four equally high-pressure wheels (size: 20 ''), front aluminum discs, rear spoked wheels, fully sprung, front struts and wishbones, rear trailing arm Wheelbase: 1.07 m Seat height: 0.55 m Track front / rear: 1,1 / 1,02 m Tretlagerposition: 0.4 m in front of the front axle, 0.1 m under the seat Body overhang front / rear: 0.83 / 0.3 m   Muscle power drive: two pedal sets with 12-speed derailleur each acting on a front wheel Auxiliary engine: 200/400 W coupled to the left rear wheel via friction roller; Ni / Cd battery with 0.35 kWh

1. Body ( Figures 5 - 13, 16, 17, 19):

The body consists of a load-bearing fuselage ( 2 ) and the following non-structural parts: front hood ( 4 ), windscreen ( 5 ), roof ( 6 ), rear window ( 103 ), rear door ( 10 ) with rear window ( 9 ).

The material of all flat parts is 1 mm thick, shatterproof polycarbonate plastic.

The load-bearing hull consists of ( Figures 12, 13, 15):

• a bending and torsion-resistant bottom plate ( 14 ) of epoxy-bonded polycarbonate-polystyrene sandwich material of thickness 32 mm,
• - A thin-walled (0.5 - 1.0 mm) tubular steel frame of the following among themselves brazed single tubes lying main arch ( 15 ), middle arch ( 17 ), center arch supports ( 45 ), rear arch ( 16 ), two transverse ( 18 ) and a longitudinal and centrally extending ( 19 ) seat carriers and the two side box arches ( 104 ), and 4 guy wires ( 44 ),
• - Polycarbonate sheet material from which the side boxes ( 21 ) with the integrated Radkastenabschlüssen ( 22 ), the lower front panel ( 23 ) and the luggage compartment cover ( 24 ) are formed.

This plate material has a connecting function between the rear and middle arch, but in particular between the bottom plate and the main pipe bend, wherein four support tubes ( 20 ) from the outer corners of the bottom plate middle part additionally stiffening act. All these parts are firmly riveted at their connection points or screwed partially glued.

Suspension forces are absorbed by four tension wires ( 44 ) ( Fig. 15).

Base plate and tube frame are largely form-determining for the curvature of the plate material. The bottom plate ( 14 ) is slightly curved downward in the foot and drive area between the front wheels in three fold lines. It is largely resistant to treading and has reinforcing inserts made of aluminum at the points where the landing gear is attached. In the area of the chain derailleur, 30 mm deep, thermoformed troughs are installed for reasons of space. The edge of the bottom plate represents the lower edge of the vehicle including the wheel cutouts.

The main pipe bend ( 15 ) forms the front or partially the upper fuselage edge and determines the vehicle contour in plan. He also wears the outer edge of cellular rubber ( 101 ).

The rear bow ( 16 ) forms the vehicle rear edge, carries the side box bows ( 104 ) and is glued in the lower part in the bottom plate, or riveted. This lower part also forms the collective support for four aluminum profiles, which are longitudinally incorporated in the bottom plate under the luggage compartment and are supported on another, transverse in height of the trailing arm bearing reinforcements profile.

The side surfaces of the side boxes ( 21 ) ranging from the bottom plate to the main pipe bend, are largely planar in itself and have the front wheel wells. Their rear half can be folded up around the abutting edge ( 101 ) as a "hinge" and connected to the bottom plates and rear bow via a few screws. As a result, the engine or storage spaces, which are located between the wheel arches, as well as these themselves, accessible from the outside. The inner surfaces of the side boxes are correspondingly arched to the contour of the embossed and fully sprung wheel, from front to rear, and are formed and stiffened by the likewise curved Radkastenabschlüssen ( 22 ).

They not only form the wheel arches, but also before and between these lying congestion or engine compartments, over Engagement openings or above mentioned foldable Parts of the side surfaces are accessible. Your back Completion carries the rear lighting devices.  

The lower front panel ( 23 ) is inclined at an angle to the front and arched through 180 °. It has a ventilation flap in the middle part with summer / winter position ( 13 ).

The luggage compartment lining is arched in the upper part and in the side parts largely flat.

The non-structural part of the body consists of ( Figures 7-11):

• - the bonnet ( 4 ), with it over 11 disc spacers ( 60 ) and aluminum retaining mandrels ( 61 )
• - easily detachable - connected, arched,
• - Windshield ( 5 ) and the three hooks, two spring clips ( 57 ) and four toggle fasteners ( 649 connected
• - Roof ( 6 ) and the approximately 1 m ² large, on the left driving convincing side battered
• - rear door ( 10 ), whose upper transparent half, the
• - Rear window ( 9 ) can be folded down.

The front hood consists of three curved, at an angle of about 30 ° contiguous surface parts: the main surface and two headlight fields ( 11 ) between which the large, controllable via cable vent ( 12 ).

At the connecting edge of these surfaces, the lower hood tube ( 52 ) is mounted for reinforcement and shaping, which is connected via two metal struts with the two rubber-mounted hood hinges ( 98 ). These grab around the main pipe bend ( 15 ).

The upper edge of the front hood is reinforced and shaped by the upper hood tube ( 51 ). The plate material is about 3.5 cm from the edge folded by about 25 ° over the entire width of the vehicle upwards and thus forms a guide surface for the anti-fog ventilation ( Fig. 11). For the gap of about 2 cm of light provide the above-mentioned, spaced at a distance of 20 cm to each other Scheibenscheiben- holder medium-strength cellular rubber ( 60 ). They are equipped with a hole reinforcement ( 97 ) made of plastic. The lateral and rear lower edge of the bonnet is bordered by a soft plastic profile. It lies on the hull at the edge of cellular rubber ( 101 ) and is stiffened in this area with an aluminum profile. At this the inner and the outer hood latch ( 102 ), each consisting of rubber cord loop and hook attached.

For entry and exit, the front hood is folded up to the front and held by the automatically engaging hood support telescope ( 99 ). The flexible windscreen made of polycarbonate plastic is one-piece and is formed at the top by the assembled from two symmetrical parts disc tube ( 55 ). This is at both ends of the windshield in rubber pockets and is supported by seven hard rubber wedges ( 56 ) against the disc. At this disc tube, the front roof edge is attached. It is slightly folded down in two steps and has a foam rubber sealing strip on its underside ( 59 ). The attachment of the roof via three, the pipe half embracing hook (not shown) and two knurled nuts ( 58 ) adjustable spring chambers ( 57 ), which are attached to the two roof support struts. These in turn are hinged to the roof support arch ( 65 ). The two lateral parts of the roof are fastened to the upper hood tube ( 51 ) via two toggle fasteners ( 64 ).

On the roof support arch, a small rear window ( 103 ) between the luggage compartment lining ( 24 ) and roof ( 6 ) are mounted to the vehicle, for. B. when parking, completely close.

Windshield, roof, rear window and disc tube can be accommodated under the front hood in brackets (in Fig. 7 indicated by dashed lines) and do not disturb the leg movement. However, the disk tube must be separated and the roof support arch folded something. The windshield is previously placed in a bag of soft cloth to avoid scratches. Alternatively, it can also be fabricated, rolled up into a roll of 20 cm in diameter and stowed under the seats.

All dröhngefährdeten surfaces of the body are with a light and easy care self adhesive Provided sound insulation.  

2nd chassis

The four, 20 '' × 1,75 '' wheels ( 3 ) are provided with high-pressure tires ( 26 ) (p = 6.5 bar), front suspension struts and lower wishbones, hung at the rear of trailing arms. The travel is 65 mm each. All wheel bearings are sealed against splash water. The front wheels are designed as conical disk wheels because of the front-wheel drive and the steering geometry, ( 27 ) the rear wheels are designed as reinforced spoke wheels.

The toe is exactly 0 ° (lowest Rolling resistance), but grows up in the front when driving a few degrees. The caster is 32 mm, the Steering wheel radius 0 mm. The steering angle of the axle steering is in the longitudinal direction 77 ° in the transverse direction 84 °, the fall 0 °. This steering geometry prevents both a steering influence the brakes as well as the drive, allows a larger one Impact of the inside wheel despite cramped Space in the wheel well and ensures a good Directional stability.

As spring elements serve coil spring and rubber damper.

The vibration damping takes place by internal friction of the Bushing of the suspension and in the telescopic tube of the Strut by sliding and air friction (pump effect). you is designed much weaker than the car, since the most of the vehicle mass, the drivers, even good ones Vibration damper are.

The spring elements are based on the frame towards the two transverse seat support ( 18 ) and thus initiate the forces near the main load.

Longitudinal and transverse control arms are fixed in rubber-tired bearings to points ( 25 ) of the base plate reinforced by doubling up and inserts. The trailing arms have as a bearing axis a common continuous tube which extends within the bottom plate. Side forces of the front wheel suspension are supported by four transverse and w-shaped struts between the rear wishbone bearings, or rear end of the bottom bracket tubes and front seat support.

3rd drive

The vehicle has a hybrid drive of muscle power and electric motor.

The muscle power drive ( Fig. 14) via two independently switchable Tretkurbelsätze ( 39 ), as used in bicycles. From the sprocket set ( 35 ) of the derailleur, the rotational power via one half-wave ( 30 ) with compensation steering for angle ( 29 ) and also length compensation ( 31 ) through the wheel bearing ( 28 ) through to the respective front side lying on the same side ( 26/27 ) transfer. These two half-shafts, each mounted in a shaft bearing ( 32 ), are connected to each other by a two-part central shaft ( 33 ) and can be connected as required (eg one-man operation in snowy conditions) via a manually adjustable friction clutch ( 34 ). The derailleurs are operated by mounted on the handlebar or at the front edge of the seat lever and are mounted on a stand on the bottom plate. The bottom bracket ( 37 ) are fixedly mounted on the bottom bracket ( 38 ) and are located 0.1 m below the lowest point of the driver's seat and 0.4 m in front of the front axle. The bottom bracket tubes run from the main pipe bend obliquely back down to the wishbone bearings and are bolted at the top and bottom and connected torsion stiff with each other by two cross tubes. The chain drive is covered with a chain guard. The width of the footwell is 0.81 m.

The electric auxiliary motor has a continuous power of 200 W and a short-term power of 400 W. He drives the left Rear wheel over a friction roller. The maximum speed The vehicle is electronically limited to 20 km / h. The Motor is attached to the trailing arm via a motor mount and springs with you. The engine is powered by a twist grip on the Handlebar operated and a shift lever on and disengaged. About this switch is also the Contact pressure regulated. The power supply is via a Ni / Cd battery pack with a capacity of about 0.35 kWh.

The battery pack is located on the left side of the vehicle,  between the two wheel arches and is over with the engine a cable connected with plug-in coupling. Engine and battery pack are from the outside by unscrewing the rear part of the Side cover accessible. Weigh the engine and battery pack together about 12 kg. The engine has one Reversing circuit, the battery pack an electronic Charge control and monitoring. The auxiliary engine allows so z. B. Driving a 5% slope in just one Driver and a payload of 50 kg at 200 W pedal performance at about 19 km / h.

4. steering

The steering takes place via a short, handy angled handlebar ( 81 ), the rear derailleur, engine, and blinker controls contributes. The steering movement is transmitted via a length-adjustable head tube ( 82 ) and a universal joint to the rack and pinion steering gear, which sits in the vicinity of the bottom bracket on the bottom bracket.

The rack drives the adjustable tie rod via a 90 ° deflecting intermediate lever. The handlebar is held in the steering position by a rubber cord ( 83 ) with the hood closed and swings up when exiting with the front hood ( 4 ). Steering, chassis parts and drive shafts are guided through a slotted rubber splash guard ( 100 ).

5. Brakes

The vehicle is braked at the front by two hydraulic disc brakes, at the rear by two pulley rim brakes. The disc brakes ( Fig. 14, No. 36) are simultaneously actuated by a brake handle on the handlebars, the rim brakes on a mounted on the seat support in the middle of the hand lever, which also has a lock.

6. Lighting

The vehicle owns

• - two headlights,
• - two tail lights,
• - front and rear direction indicator,
• - front, side, rear reflectors.

All lighting devices are ge about batteries ge feeds front and rear lights if required over two remote-controlled roller dynamos.

7. Ventilation

At the vehicle nose, in the area where the dynamic pressure is high, located between the headlight panels ( 11 ) a ventilation flap ( 12 ). It is struck at the front by a rubber strip on the main pipe bend. Its inlet cross section can be changed in several stages by means of pull ropes and amounts to a maximum of 400 cm ² . The ventilation flap is slightly raised on the sides. It extends so far under the main surface of the front hood in that the penetration of rainwater is prevented.

In the lower front panel a flap ( 73 ) with an inlet of about 400 cm ^{2 is} attached. It can be brought into summer position by inward bending with two notches on the bottom bracket tubes.

The anti-mist ventilation on the lower edge of the windshield has an inlet cross-section of 500 cm ² . It is adjustable by turning four foam parts. These parts are inserted between the disc spacers ( 60 ) on the upper hood tube ( 51 ) and include the hood tube to about three quarters. The foam parts also serve as edge protection for the upper edge of the front hood.

The venting takes place

• - Over the open rear window ( 103 ) between the roof and luggage compartment lining, and / or
• - over the open rear window ( 9 ) of the rear door
• - Through a gap ( 84 ) between the front hood and luggage compartment side panel, which is kept open by two foam rubber spacers.

The upper foam rubber spacer serves as Stop for the upper hood tube and carries a small Hook.

8. Seats

The seats consist of a 2-part tubular frame, the seat tube ( 47 ) and the backrest tube ( 49 ), and a covering of air-permeable, but water-repellent mesh ( 48 ). The backrest ( 49 ) can be adjusted relative to the seat surface in the inclination by a hinge ( 50 ) which can be fixed by means of handle screws. The seats are bent correctly. They have an integrated headrest. The tubular frame is covered with soft foam material. The seats are hung on four hooks in perforated strips on the main pipe bend and the middle seat support and aligned to the bottom bracket. The seats can be adjusted over the hooks in 15 mm steps in the longitudinal direction. The seat is about 0.55 m above the roadway; The backrest angle is about 30 °.

In the large luggage compartment two can be used as plastic boxes trained padded child seats with straps at the Base plate to be attached.

9. Luggage compartment

The luggage compartment extends under the seats close to the track rod. It covers up to below the luggage compartment lining a volume of about 0.53 cbm. Towards the tie rod it is separated by a plastic plate. It is optimally accessible through the rear door ( 10 ). The rear door consists of an aluminum frame with polycarbonate planking and a fold-down rear window ( 9 ), which covers the upper half. The rear window is stiffened at its edge by a tube. This lies in the closed state under the bow on seven hard rubber stops. The rear door is secured by a double snap lock and can not be opened from the inside (child safety lock).

Three 20 to 30 l storage compartments are additionally available in the side box available. They are over intervention holes accessible with profile protected edge.

Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment, a slightly flatter sports variant according to claims 1-3, 5-10, 12, 14, 15

Specifications L _* B _* H: 2.25 _* 1.2 _* 1.32 m Dimensions: about 70 kg seats: two adult seating next to each other Luggage compartment volume: about 250 l Type of body: self-supporting, partly made of fiber-reinforced plastic ( 1 ) Air resistance value ( _{cw *} A): about 0.42 Training and entry: through two side hinged doors ( 94 ) Movable body parts: Windscreen, roof, side windows, side doors, rear door with rear window, Wheels and Landing gear: four identical high-pressure wheels (size: 20 '' × 1.75 ''), fully suspended, front-pushed, rear trailing trailing arm Wheelbase: 1.25 m Seat height: 0.04 m Track front / rear: 1,1 / 1,05 m Tretlagerposition: 0.15 m in front of the front axle, approximately the same height as the seat   Body overhang front / rear: 0.64 / 0.36 m Muscle power drive: two special pedal crank sets with 160 mm crank length with 14-speed derailleur gear acting on one rear wheel via intermediate shaft, power transmission in the center tunnel Auxiliary engine: 300/600 W via toothed belt and clutch acting on left rear wheel Battery: Ni / Cd battery with 0.35 kWh

particularities

The windscreen ( 7 ) is made of thin laminated glass and is stiffened with a frame ( Fig. 27). It slides over two pins ( 109 ) at the two lower corners of the frame in two guide tracks ( 112 ) for sinking under the bonnet. It is held by two hand-operated locking pins ( 110 ) which engage in holes of the retaining plates ( 113 ) in the normal position. Into the frame are incorporated air intakes ( 111 ) near the bottom edge of the disc for ventilating the windows. He has at the lateral edge each have a U-shaped rail, which detects the frame of the side window (fixation in the closed state). The roof can also be inserted in two guide rails under the track of the windshield. Front hood, windscreen and roof are largely adapted to each other in their curvature, so that only little space in the Un accommodation claimed ( Fig. 28). A fixed roll bar ( 66 ) stops. The side panels ( 8 ) made of polycarbonate are also stiffened with a frame and can be sunk in guideways in the side doors ( 96 ) via a handle on the upper edge of the frame. All moving parts are provided on the edge with rain-proof rubber profile. The edge of the side doors and the rear door is detected by closing profiles according to claim 16. The trailing arm of the chassis consist of angled by 60 ° carbon fiber plastic tube and are conically tapered toward the center of the vehicle and axle connected together. This compound acts as a bank stabilizer. The spring force is generated by torsion rubber suspension elements (ROSTA system), which are located near the wheel arches on the reinforced vehicle floor.

In order to lower the bottom bracket slightly, the vehicle floor in the heel area with four openings is broken. The openings are covered by flexible heel troughs made of rubber ( 71 ). So can a sitting of the body, z. B. curbs are avoided. The special cranks are not centered as in bicycles, but stored outside in two bearing points. The one bearing point is located at the front wheel ( 107 ), the other at one in the body RIE incorporated center tunnel ( 105 ), in which the power transmission takes place to the rear ( Fig. 26). This center tunnel extends from the front to below the seats, acts as a seat support and absorbs essential parts of the bending load (side member). The thresholds ( 106 ) are also designed as longitudinal members.

FIG. 17 shows, as a further exemplary embodiment, a tandem variant according to claims 1, 2, 4-10, 12, 14

Specifications L _* B _* H: 2,7 _* 0,95 _* 1,45 m Dimensions: about 70 kg seats: two adults seating at a time Luggage compartment volume: about 140 l Type of body: self-supporting, partly made of fiber-reinforced plastic ( 1 ) Air resistance value ( _{cw *} A): about 0.3 Training and entry: by a laterally hinged, continuous roof hood ( 68 ) Movable body parts: Windscreen, two roof / side window parts ( 69 ), roof hood, rear door with rear window Wheels and Landing gear: four identical, high-pressure wheels (size 20 '' × 1.75 ''), fully sprung, front suspensions and wishbones, rear trailing arm Wheelbase: 1.45 m Seat height front / rear: 0.53 / 0.58 m Track front / rear: 0.9 / 0.85 m Tretlagerposition: 0.45 m in front of the front axle, 0.1 m under the seat or 0.4 m behind the front axle 0.2 m under the seat Body overhang front / rear: 0.86 / 0.39 m   Muscle power drive: front cranks, in the rear of these via two push rods ( 93 ) coupled counter-rotating pedal lever ( 92 ) ( Fig. 18) acting on the front wheels via differential and derailleur Auxiliary engine: 200/400 W via toothed belt and clutch acting on left rear wheel Battery: Ni / Cd battery with 0.35 kWh

particularities

The roof hood carries three moving parts:

• - windshield ( 7 ),
• a middle side window roof panel,
• - A rear side window roof panel ( 69 ).

These parts are shaped so that they are in any Sequence can be stacked on top of each other. you Beyond raised ledges that are in corresponding hollows grab, pushed over each other. The windshield is detachably connected to the front hood arch via two joints and can be swung up a little so that they are an air gap between the vehicle panel and Windshield forms. Its width is over one Lock adjustable.  

FIG. 19 shows, as a further exemplary embodiment, a four-seat variant according to claims 1-14, 16, 18

Specifications L _* B _* H: 2.5 _* 1.25 _* 1.6 m Dimensions: about 95 kg seats: four adult seating in two rows Luggage compartment volume: about 300 l Type of body: self-supporting, partially made of fiber-reinforced plastic, z. T. in sandwich construction with impact energy dissipation plastic foam cores Air resistance value ( _{cw *} A): about 0.7 Training and entry: by two side-folding doors ( 79 ), with also hinged side windows ( 8 ) Movable body parts: Windscreen, sunroof ( 74 ), side doors with side windows, rear door with rear window Wheels and Landing gear: four identical high-pressure wheels (size: 20 '' x 2 ''), fully sprung, front suspensions and wishbones, rear trailing arm Wheelbase: 1.37 m Seat height front / rear: 0.58 / 1.13 m Track front / rear: 1.18 / 1.13 m Tretlagerposition: 0.43 m in front of the front axle, 0.15 m under the seat or 0.57 m behind the front axle, 0.3 m under the seat Body overhang front / rear: 0.8 / 0.33 m   Muscle power drive: two crank sets on the front, two counter-rotating pedal lever sets ( 92 ) coupled via push rods with adjustable pedals, front-wheel drive Auxiliary engine: 350/700 W acting on left rear wheel via toothed belt and clutch Battery: Ni / Cd battery with 0.5 kWh

particularities

The windscreen is made of thin laminated safety glass ( 7 ) and can be cleaned with a windshield wiper ( 73 ).

The front half of the roof is designed as a sunroof ( 74 ). The windscreen and sunroof are locked by cable-operated rubber closing profiles ( Fig. 24, 25). The windscreen ( 7 ) can be removed forwards and downwards and fixed on or under the rear roof half (summer operation). The folding side doors ( 70 ) and side windows are also at their edge by closing profiles, but centrally via compressed air ( Fig. 22, 23) actuated fixed. After the same principle also rear door and rear window are locked.

This type of locking eliminates massive stiffening frame and it is a central locking of all doors possible. The vehicle has one or two battery cases ( 72 ) which are integrated in the body and can be quickly replaced by quick-release fasteners. This makes a quick "refueling" possible.

Further details are:

• - Adjustable rear seats in a wide range (Suitable for children),
• - rearview mirror at eye level ( 95 ),
• - Energy absorbing dashboard ( 96 ).

This vehicle is particularly suitable for rent in Spa areas or core areas closed to passenger cars.

Fig. 20 shows possible seat arrangements and typical vehicle widths (f) in meters. Basically, the following four variants for the seats ( 46 ) are possible:

• - Adjacent adult seats; typical Vehicle width: 1.2 m;
• - next to each other, but in the longitudinal direction by about 0.5 m staggered adult seats, so that the body outlines of driver and passenger in the shoulder and arm area something overlap, but the legroom is not is restricted; typical vehicle width: 1.05 m,
• - juxtaposed adult and child seats; typical vehicle width: 1.0 m
• - individual seats, one behind the other; typical vehicle width: 0.9 m.

Fig. 21 shows a motor trailer capable of increasing the running performance and range of environmentally friendly light vehicles. This extends the area of application also for the surrounding area (up to approx. 15 km). It is coupled with a lever ( 76 ) remotely controllable coupling under the vehicle floor between the rear wheels. This low clutch position ensures good handling. Battery and engine are housed in a low-lying engine compartment ( 77 ). Control is via a supply cable ( 80 ). Above it is still a 150 l capacity, with a lid tightly closed and lockable luggage compartment. The trailer itself can be locked by pressing a wheel lock and can be put up to save space on its rear surface.

Fig. 22-25 show two variants of suitable for central locking sealing profiles in the open or closed state. Roof, disc, or door edges are thereby retained by form change force-possibly also positively. The seal shown in Figs. 22 and 23 is actuated by compressed air in an integrated channel ( 89 ). The sealing profile ( 85 ) has opposite the compressed air channel a sealing lip ( 91 ) and is in a metal or plastic profile ( 86 ) is pressed. This variant is particularly suitable for flat or curved roof, window or door edges and is either powered by a replaceable gas cartridge or an electric or manually operated air pump.

Fig. 24 and 25 show a via cable ( 88 ) in a longitudinally elastic sheath ( 87 ) actuated sealing profile. It is curved parallel to the roof, disc or door curvature, so that the cable presses on train on the sealing lip ( 91 ). In the example, a sliding surface ( 90 ) is mounted on the profile ( 85 ). As a result, this variant is particularly suitable for sunroofs or sliding disks that are slightly curved. The actuation takes place via Bowden cable and eccentric tension lever manually or electrically.

The portion of the rim engaged by the closing seal can at different angles to the actual slices, Roof or door surface be attached, thus enabling the Lock almost arbitrarily shaped parts.

Fig. 26 shows a self-supporting plastic convertible body as used in the second embodiment ( Fig. 16). It has as a special feature two acting as a side member, large-sized door sills ( 106 ), and a center tunnel ( 105 ), which has several functions:

• - he acts as additional longitudinal beams,
• - he carries the mid-side bottom bracket,
• It harbors and protects the mechanism of force transmission,
• - he represents the middle seat support.

The center tunnel can be down through a removable Covering be closed. In the drawing, except the side view, three cross sections through the Body shown (A, B, C).

Fig. 29 shows a suspension of four gleichgeformten approximately 60 ° angled trailing arms made of carbon fiber plastic tube ( 114 ) with all-wheel steering. They are pushed forward, pulled back (antidiv) and cushioned by rubber torsion spring elements ( 116 ), which are located on particularly reinforced parts of the floor plate near the wheel arches ( 107 ). The trailing arm taper towards the center of the vehicle and are there firmly connected to each other via a screw connection ( 115 ). This coupling acts together with the twist of the ver recently pipe sections as bank stabilizer. At the screw the trailing arm on the center tunnel ( 105 ) of the body are rotatably mounted. The steering bearings ( 117 ) are bifurcated for receiving a fist axis and front and rear available for all-wheel steering. This type of suspension is particularly favorable to use in self-supporting bodies of FIG. 26. The rear wheel is only about 70% of the front, so that the impression of a predominantly front-steered vehicle is maintained. With a front impact of the inside wheel of only 29 ° and a rear of 21 ° is achieved with a wheelbase of 1.15 m, a turning radius (wheel related) of only 4.8 m and turning on most roads possible. The front caster is about 0.04 m, the rear, by a corresponding offset of the steering and wheel axle, but 0.00 m. The steering angle is approx. 80 ° in each case. The front and rear tie rods are connected via a lever linkage. The steering is provided with a steering damper from motorcycle construction, which together with the steering geometry to safe handling, even at higher speeds, leads.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Self-supporting plastic body, fiber-reinforced 1
Self-supporting hull, mixed construction 2
Wheels, high pressure tires 3
Front hood, foldable 4
Windshield, flexible 5
Roof, flexible 6
Windscreen, laminated safety glass 7
Side window 8
Rear window 9
Rear door 10
Headlight field 11
Ventilation flap, adjustable 12
Ventilation flap for summer operation 13
Base plate, sandwich construction 14
Main pipe bend, lying 15
Rear bow 16
Middle arch 17
Seat support, transverse 18
Seat support, longitudinal 19
Support tubes 20
Body side boxes 21
Wheel well terminations 22
Lower front panel 23
Load compartment cover 24
Bearing reinforcement 25
Tires 26
Disc wheel cone 27
Wheel bearing 28
Cardan joint 29
Half waves 30th
Length or angle compensation 31
Shaft bearing 32
Medium shaft, two-piece 33
Friction clutch, manually adjustable 34
Pinion package 35
Brake discs 36
Bottom bracket 37
Bottom bracket tube 38
Crankset 39
Wheel well wall 40
Strut 41
Wishbone 42
Trailing arm 43
Guy wires 44
Center arch support 45
Driver or passenger seats 46
Seat tube 47
Mesh fabric cover 48
Backrest tube 49
Backrest joint 50
Upper hood tube 51
Lower hood tube 52
Hood center profile 53
Roof support strut 54
Washer tube, two-piece 55
Hard rubber support wedges 56
Spring clip 57
Knurled nut 58
Sealing profile 59
Disc spacers 60
Retaining spines 61
Rubber bag 62
Disc tension hook 63
Roof toggle fasteners 64
Roof support arch 65
Roll bar, cross 66
Roof longitudinal struts, lateral 67
Roof hood, transversely articulated 68
Side windows / roof parts, stackable 69
Flap door, side 70
Rubber heels 71
Battery case 72
Windscreen wiper 73
Sunroof 74
Towbar 75
Clutch lever 76
Engine room 77
Luggage compartment 78
Lid 79
Supply cable 80
Handlebar 81
Steering column, swiveling 82
Rubber rope 83
Vents 84
Special sealing profile 85
Aluininium profile for seal 86
Cable sheath, longitudinally elastic 87
Clamping cable 88
Compressed air duct 89
Sliding support 90
Sealing lip 91
Pedal lever 92
Push rods 93
Side door 94
Rear view mirror 95
Dashboard 96
Hole reinforcement for retaining pins 97
Hood hinges 98
Hood support telescope 99
Passage for steering, suspension, drive parts made of rubber 100
Butt edge 101
Hood lock, outside 102
Rear window, small 103
Side box bows 104
Central tunnel 105
Doors 106
Front wheel cases 107
Windscreen frame 108
Tenon 109
Locking pins 110
Air inlets 111
Guideways 112
Holding plates 113

Claims (19)

1. Environmentally friendly, multi-seat light vehicle with mechanical power drive for transporting persons or loads in local traffic, multi-lane, with a total payload of min. 140 kg, designed for common bicycle speeds, with at least two drivable wheels, characterized by the simultaneous fulfillment of the following characteristics:

• 1.1 Four, largely (car similar) integrated into the body wheels, with a front gauge of min. 85% of the body width and a rear of min. 75% of the body width ( Figure 2); d 0.85 f; e 0.75 f),
• 1.2 aerodynamically shaped, wedge-shaped from front to rear, compact, not at the rear or only slightly tapered and steeply sloping, all-round wind and weatherproof lightweight body ( Fig 1, 7, 16, 17, 19) by moving body panels - such. As windshield, side windows, rear windows, roof, side doors - depending on the weather can be partially opened ( Figure 4), these moving parts can be taken in or on the vehicle,
• 1.3 the bottom bracket, in non-circular motion, the middle distance between the projected to a horizontal plane dead center of the cycle cycle, is located in front of the front axle ( Figure 3, g <0),
• 1.4 Ventilation of the interior, even with closed Karos series through inlets and outlets, preferably under Ausnüt tion of caused by the wind on the body th aerodynamic pressure differences,
• 1.5 Anti-fog ventilation of at least the windscreen by air inlets directed towards the inside ( FIG. 11) or equivalent measures for preventing fogging (eg coatings, interior windscreen wipers),
• 1.6 large cargo space in the rear of the body with at least 0.1 cbm capacity.

2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it has more than one treadle, wherein at least the driver bottom bracket under the lowest point of the driver seat surface is ( Fig. 3, h <0). 3. Vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that, in juxtaposed seats, the driver and front passenger each driving on its side of the vehicle driving wheel regardless of the speed of the other and have its own manual transmission ( Fig. 14). 4. Vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that, in successive seats, the rear Tretvorrich device is designed as a counter-rotating pedal lever and coupled via two, connected with joints, push rods to the front cranks ( Fig. 18). 5. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that the front body overhang is at least 20% of the vehicle length, the rear at most 15% of the vehicle length ( Figure 1, a 0.2 c, b 0.15 c ). 6. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that it is a statutory on gave coordinated, speed and performance has limited auxiliary motor, preferably with a Top speed of less than 30 km / h and one Maximum power of 1 kW, or a continuous power of less than 200 W / seat. 7. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that all four wheels are sprung, high pressure tires (p <4 bar) and are the same size. 8. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that the seats are adjustable at a distance to the treadmill and preferably formed anato mix, covered with air permeable but water repellent the fabric, provided with integrated headrest and are adjustable in their backrest inclination ( Fig. 6). 9. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that dröhngefährdete body interior surfaces with light, sound-absorbing supports (eg Selbstklebevelour) are provided, the same time a form a touch-friendly and easy-care surface, and that the landing gear suspension and the clattering, Movable parts by using rubber bearings o. Ä.  and by backing elastic materials largely are body-sound-insulated. 10. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that the movable body parts by means of plug, screw, toggle closures o. Ä. ( Fig. 7-11) by a few handles unlocked or locked, moved or can be offset, preferably in easy-running guideways ( 112 ). 11. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that there are two adjacent seats and behind it again two seats nebenein other, z. B. for children and adolescents, which each front a crank, behind each associated with a pedal lever set, the treadle are coupled according to claim 4 to the cranks ( Fig. 19). 12. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that the internal ventilation is adjustable and preferably a maximum inlet cross-section of min. 100 cm ² . 13. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that it can be operated by a clutch in conjunction with a two-wheeled trailer, which either only the range by appropriate battery capacity, or the speed increased by a more powerful engine, and preferably has an additional lockable and weatherproof cargo space ( Figure 21). 14. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that it is a self-supporting checks Series, preferably at least partially fiberver reinforced plastics. 15. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that in the body shape two door sills ( 106 ) with a large-sized cross-section, which are designed as longitudinal members, and a high center tunnel ( 105 ) are incorporated, from the front to below the seats runs and has the following characteristics ( Figure 26):

• - It is designed as an additional side member,
• - he carries the mid-side bottom bracket,
• - it harbors and protects the mechanism of transmission of power,
• - he represents the middle seat support.

16. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that the movable body parts including doors with special rubber profiles can be tightly closed and locked, which can change their shape by means of compressed air or tension wires or cables accordingly and preferably be operated centrally ( Fig. 22-25). 17. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that all four wheels are steered can, with preferably the rear Radeinschlag only about 70% of the front amounts to and the caster of the Rear wheels is 0.00 m. 18. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-19, characterized in that it has one or more connectable via quick release, battery or battery suitcase, which are easily accessible for exchange ( Fig. 19). 19. Vehicle according to one or more of claims 1-18, characterized in that the chassis consists of four strongly angled, pushed forward, rear-pulled longitudinal handlebars ( 114 ), the axle to the vehicle center through and outside - preferably in torsion spring elements Rubber ( 116 ) - are mounted at an angle between the wheel arch ( 106 ) and vehicle floor at particularly reinforced points, inside held in bearings at likewise reinforced points of the vehicle floor or the center tunnel ( 105 ) and there elastically rotatable or, in gate sion elastic construction of Trailing arm rotatably connected to each other, wherein the trailing arm preference, consist of carbon fiber plastic tube, which tapers towards the vehicle center and slightly torsions is elastic.