DE4303882A1 - Kombinationsinstrument zum Trennen und Koagulieren für die minimal invasive Chirurgie - Google Patents

Kombinationsinstrument zum Trennen und Koagulieren für die minimal invasive Chirurgie

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DE4303882A1
DE4303882A1 DE4303882A DE4303882A DE4303882A1 DE 4303882 A1 DE4303882 A1 DE 4303882A1 DE 4303882 A DE4303882 A DE 4303882A DE 4303882 A DE4303882 A DE 4303882A DE 4303882 A1 DE4303882 A1 DE 4303882A1
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drive
jaw part
movable
combination instrument
spring
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DE4303882C2 (de
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Rainer Trapp
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320016Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B2018/145Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps wherein the effectors remain parallel during closing and opening
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30092Properties of materials and coating materials using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0023Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply
    • A61F2210/0033Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply electrically, e.g. heated by resistor

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kombinationsinstrument zum Trennen und Koagulieren für die minimal invasive Chirurgie. Zwei Bewegungsfunktionen werden über separate Antriebe ausgeführt. Eine davon ist die direkt handgesteuerte zweier Maulteile zueinander. Die andere ist die Bewegung und Führung eines chirurgischen Messers zwischen diesen beiden Maulteilen.
Instrumente, mit denen mehrere chirurgische Handhabungen durchgeführt werden können, sind bekannt. Der Vorteil in der Handhabe ist letztlich aber nur dann zu sehen, wenn die Folge der Handgriffe des bedienenden Chirurgen übersichtlich bleibt und das Kombinationsinstrument von der Anwendung her Akzeptanz findet.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Antriebsvorgänge an einem Kombinationsinstrument für die minimal invasive Chirurgie zu vereinfachen und den Bedienkomfort zu erhöhen.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen 1 und 3 gekennzeichneten Merkmale gelöst. Der Aufbau des Antriebs aus Formgedächtnismetall (Shape Memory Alloy=SMA) erlaubt es einen Antrieb zu erzeugen, der besonders einfach zu bedienen ist.
Die Unteransprüche geben weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der beiden neuen Formen der Antiebseinrichtung für das chirurgische Messer wieder. Eine zusätzliche Funktion, nämlich die der Koagulation, läßt sich baulich besonders einfach im Fall des Antriebs für das Messer nach dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 erfüllen, da dabei die beiden Zugdrähte aus Formgedächtnismetall gleichzeitig auch als Teil der notwendigen Hochfrequenzübertragungsstrecke dienen.
Um definierte elektrische Verhältnisse während einer Operation zu haben, ist es weiter von Vorteil, wenn Stromableitungen über den Körper eines Patienten vermieden werden können. Hierzu ist die Oberfläche des Kombinationsinstrumentes aus einem gewebeverträglichen, elektrisch nicht leitenden Material.
Die Volumenänderung der Teile aus der Formgedächtnislegierung bei ausreichender Wärmeeinwirkung bringt einen weiteren Vorteil bei der Dampfsterilisation mit sich. Ist ein solches Instrument einem heißen Sterilisierdampfbad hinreichend lange ausgesetzt, so wird durch den Formgedächtniseffekt das chirurgische Messer selbsttätig aus dem beweglichen Maulteil ausgefahren und wird dadurch der Sterilisiereinwirkung voll zugänglich. Bei Abkühlung wird das Messer wieder automatisch zurückgezogen bei Verwendung des SMA-Einweg-Effektes oder ohne Hilfsfedern bei Ausnutzung des SMA-Zweiweg-Effektes.
Die neue Antriebsart mit Bauelementen aus Formgedächtnismetall ist nicht auf die Führung eines chirurgischen Messers beschränkt. Genauso sind Antriebsvarianten der vorgestellten beiden Prinzipien für andere Bewegungsfunktionen zum Bedienen von Instrumenten, wie Schere, Hakenelektrode, Zange, Pinzette, Nadelelektrode, damit konstruierbar, um nur einige Einfachinstrumente zu nennen, bei denen eine Hubbewegung zum Betreiben ausgenützt werden kann.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert.
Es zeigt
Fig. 1 die Kombinationszange mit integriertem Antrieb für das chirurgische Messer;
Fig. 2 einen alternativen Antrieb für das chirurgische Messer.
Fig. 1 der Zeichnung zeigt den Kopf des Kombinationsinstruments, das hier eine Koagulationszange 1 mit senkrecht zur Instrumentenachse 5 abstehenden Maulteilen 3, 4 ist. Das feststehende Maulteil 3 weist einen axial durchgehenden Schlitz 6 auf. Es ist am Ende eines äußeren Antriebsrohres 7 starr aufgesetzt, das im Mauteilbereich halbzylinderförmig ist, um eine Zusammenführung der beiden Maulteile 3, 4 zu ermöglichen. In dem äußeren Antriebsrohr 7 gleitet ein weiteres Antriebsrohr 8, gestrichelt angedeutet, an dessen Ende das bewegliche Maulteil 4 ebenfalls starr aufgesetzt und gleichsinnig wie das feststehende Maulteil 3 ausgerichtet ist. Das Maulteil 4 ist mit einer vorgegebenen Tiefe wannenförmig ausgebildet.
In der Stirnseite 9, die dem feststehenden Maulteil 3 genau gegenübersteht, ist die Einrichtung 10 zum Koagulieren eingelassen. Für den Fall der bipolaren Koagulation ist genau gegenüberliegend im feststehenden Maulteil 3 ebenfalls eine solche Koagulationseinrichtung eingebaut. Die Hochfrequenzzuführung muß dann allerdings getrennt erfolgen, um die Beweglichkeit des beweglichen Maulteils 4 beizubehalten.
Das chirurgische Messer 11 kann völlig im Maulteil 4 versenkt werden oder aus ihm herausgefahren werden (gestrichelte Stellung). Zu diesem Zweck ist es ebenfalls starr am Ende der Schubstange 12 aufgesetzt, so daß es je nach Stellung der Maulteile 3, 4 in dem dazwischenliegenden Raum, gleich ausgerichtet wie die Maulteile 3, 4, axial hin und her bewegt werden kann. Bei nicht zu weit auseinandergefahrenen Maulteilen 3, 4, läßt sich das chirurgische Messer 11 durch den Schlitz 6 durch bzw. in ihn hinein führen, damit zwischen den Maulteilen 3, 4 liegendes Gewebe oder durch die Maulteile 3, 4 festgehaltenes Gewebe mit einer Axialbewegung des Messers 11 durchtrennt werden kann.
Für eine saubere, schwenkfreie Führung des Messers ist die Schubstange in zwei Lagern 13, 14 axial geführt. Die beiden Lager 13, 14 sind fest mit der Innenwand des zylindrischen Antriebsrohrs 8 verbunden. Die Schubstange 12 endet mit ihrem nahen Ende an einer zylinderförmigen Scheibe 15. Diese Scheibe 15 füllt den Zylinderquerschnitt des inneren Antriebsrohres 8 aus, kann aber in ihm gleiten.
Auf der anderen Seite der Scheibe 15 ist in ihrem Mittelpunkt die Zugfeder 14 eingehängt, die selbst wiederum mit ihrem andern Ende an der weiteren zylinderischen Scheibe 16 eingehängt ist. Diese Scheibe 16 ist fest mit der Innenwand des inneren Antriebsrohrs 8 verbunden. Das Messer 11 ist durch diesen Aufbau zunächst axial federnd gelagert.
Den Kern des Antriebs für das Messer 11 bilden zwei Drähte 17, 18, die von der axial gleitfähigen Scheibe 14 bis zum beweglichen Maulteil 4 beidseitig der Achse 2 und parallel zu ihr gespannt sind. Die beiden Drähte sind gleichartig. Sie sind aus einer ausgewählten Formgedächtnislegierung (SMA- Drähte). Prinzipiell ließe sich der Antrieb mit einem solchen Draht. Diese Form wäre allerdings mechanisch nicht sicher genug. Würde die sichere Führung betont werden, so wären drei, symmetrisch um die Achse angeordnete Drähte zu verwirklichen. Das aber ist ein Platz- und Aufwandproblem. Die Zuverlässigkeit des Antriebs mit zwei Drähten hat sich im Durchführungsbeispiel bestätigt.
Beide Drähte 17, 18 sind Bestandteil eines Stromkreises, der außerhalb der Koagulationszange 1 an eine Stromquelle angeschlossen ist. Über einen Schalter, der ebenfalls außerhalb der Koagulationszange liegt, kann der Stromkreis geschlossen oder geöffnet werden.
Bei der vorgegebenen Erwärmung, hier durch den durch die Drähte fließenden elektrischen Strom, bewirkt der Formgedächtniseffekt die Volumenänderung. Dies geht hier einher mit einer Kontraktion. Beim derartigen Aufbau des Antriebs im Innern des inneren Antriebsrohrs 4, wird so ein Herausfahren des chirurgischen Messers 11 aus dem beweglichen Maulteil 3 in Richtung feststehendes Maulteil 3 bewirkt. Da der Prozeß reversibel ist, geht die Volumenänderung beim Öffnen des Stromkreise und damit einhergehender Abkühlung wieder zurück, und das Messer 11 wird über die Stahl-Zugfeder 14 in die Ausgangslage zurückgezogen. Beim Einsatz eines Bau­ teils aus Formgedächtnismetall mit Zweiwege-Effekt könnte die Feder 14 sogar entfallen. Die Länge der Hubbewegung des Messers 11 ist abhängig von der Länge der beiden Drähte 17, 18 und kann über diese Vorgabe mit eingestellt werden.
Der Anschluß der Koagulationseinrichtung 10 an eine Hochfrequenzquelle außerhalb der Koagulationszange 1 kann direkt oder über die SMA-Drähte 17, 18 erfolgen.
Bei der letztgenannten Variante werden die Enden der am beweglichen Maulteil 4 verankerten Drähte 17, 18 vollends an die Koagulationseinrichtung 10 herangeführt. Die sichere gegenseitige Trennung der externen Strom- und Hochfrequenzquelle ist durch gängige schaltungstechnische Maßnahmen leicht einzurichten.
Eine andere Antriebsvariante für das chirurgische Messer 11 zeigt Fig. 2, und zwar den Antrieb alleine, der ebenfalls im Innern des Antriebsrohres 8 untergebracht und gleichartig verankert werden kann, wie der Antrieb gemäß Fig. 2.
Der Antrieb ist als Hintereinanderschaltung zweier Federn 19, 20, die durch die im Antriebsrohr 8 gleitfähige Scheibe 15 voneinander getrennt sind, aufgebaut. Die eine Feder 19 besteht aus einer für die Aufgabe geeigneten Formgedächtnislegierung, die sich ab einer vorbestimmten Temperatur ausdehnt. Da diese Feder 19 und die herkömmliche Feder 20, die als Druckfeder 20 arbeitet, zwischen den beiden fest an der Innenwand des Antriebsrohrs 8 befestigten Scheiben 16, eingezwängt sind, wird die Feder 20 ab der o. e. erwähnten Schwelltemperatur stärker zusammengepreßt und die Schubstange 12 in Richtung feststehendes Maulteil 3 bewegt. Bei Umkehrung der Bewegung drückt die Druckfeder 20 die Schubstange 12 wie­ der zurück, so daß das Messer 11 wieder im beweglichen Maulteil versenkt ist.
Die Schubstange 12 ist fest mit der gleitfähigen Scheibe 15 verbunden. Die verankerte Scheibe 21 wirkt als axiales Gleitlager für die Schubstange 12. Dadurch führt die Schubstange 12, die nochmals entsprechend Fig. 1 in Richtung ihres anderen Endes, an dem das chirurgische Messer 11 angebracht ist, zwecks einer exakten axialen Führung gelagert ist, eine definierte Hubbewegung aus.
Die Ausdehnung der SMA-Feder 19 wird indirekt durch Beheizung oder direkt über einen vorbestimmten elektrischen Stromfluß durch sie hervorgerufen. Im letzteren Fall sind abruptere Hubbewegungen einleitbar, wobei das Schalten der dazu notwendigen, außerhalb liegenden Stromquelle über einen Pedalschalterur zur Entlastung der Handgriffe des Chirurgen oder durch einen Schalter am Handhabungsteil der Koagulationszange 1 erfolgen kann. Die Koagulationseinrichtung 12 müßte für diese Antriebsvariante auf jeden Fall separat an die Hochfrequenzquelle geschalten werden.
Das chirurgische Messer 11 nimmt gewissermaßen zwei Stellungen ein und muß von der einen in die andere Position ohne Innehalten auf einer Zwischenposition sicher wechseln. Hierfür ist ein Antrieb mit Bauelementen aus Formgedächtnismetall sehr gut geeignet. Allgemein sind solche Bauteile dort vorzugsweise einsetzbar, wo ein Mechanik zwischen zwei Endstellungen ohne Verweilen in einer Zwischenstellung hin und her bewegt werden soll.
Bezugszeichenliste
1 Kombinationsinstrument, Koagulationszange
2 Instrumentenachse
3 feststehendes Maulteil
4 bewegliches Maulteil
5 Instrumentenachse
6 Schlitz, Durchbruch
7 Antriebsrohr
8 Antriebsrohr
9 Stirnseite
10 Einrichtung, Koagulationseinrichtung
11 Messer
12 Schubstange
13 Scheibe
14 Zugfeder, Stahlzugfeder
15 Scheibe
16 Scheibe
17 Draht, Zugdraht, SMA-Draht
18 Draht, Zugdraht, SMA-Draht
19 Feder, SMA-Feder
20 Stahl-Druckfeder
21 Scheibe

Claims (7)

1. Kombinationsinstrument zum Trennen und Koagulieren für die minimal invasive Chirurgie, bestehend aus einem am distalen Ende angebrachten feststehenden Maulteil mit einem schlitz­ förmigem Durchbruch darin und einem auf dieses über ein An­ triebsrohr zu und wegbeweglichen Maulteil, in dem ein chirurgisches Messer versenkbar ist, das über einen einen Hub ausführenden Antrieb bei nahe beieinander stehenden Maulteilen aus dem beweglichen Maulteil heraus in den schlitzförmigen Durchbruch hinein und wieder daraus herausgeführt werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
  • - der Antrieb im Antriebsrohr (8) für das bewegliche Maulteil (4) verankert ist;
  • - der Antrieb aus einer Stahl-Zugfeder (14), einer entlang der Instrumentenachse (2) geführten Schubstange (12) und zwei Zugdrähten (17, 18) aus Formgedächtnismetall besteht;
  • - die Stahlzugfeder (14) mit ihrem einen Ende an einer fest mit dem Antriebsrohr (8) verbundenen Scheibe (16) verankert ist, ihr anderes Ende in einer im Antriebsrohr (8) axial beweglichen Scheibe (15) eingehängt ist, an der, zum beweglichen Maulteil (4) hingewandten Seite, die axial geführte Schubstange (12) ansetzt, die an ihrem distalen Ende das axial bewegliche chirurgische Messer (11) aufgesetzt hat, und die beiden Zugdrähte (17, 18) mit ihrem jeweils einen Ende an der beweglichen Scheibe (15) und mit ihrem jeweils anderen Ende am beweglichen Maulteil (4) verankert sind;
  • - die Zugdrähte (17, 18) den Teil eines elektrischen Stromkreises bilden, der an eine außerhalb liegende Stromquelle schaltbar ist.
2. Kombinationsinstrument nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der zum feststehenden Maulteil (3) gerichteten Stirnseite (9) des beweglichen Maulteils (4) eine Einrichtung (10) zur Koagulation eingelassen ist, deren Hochfrequenzversorgung über die beiden am beweglichen Maulteil (4) verankerten Drähte (17, 18) erfolgt.
3. Kombinationsinstrument nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rückstellung des Antriebs bei Abschaltung des Stromes durch die beiden Zugdrähte (17, 18) über die Stahl-Zugfeder (14) erfolgt.
4. Kombinationsinstrument zum Trennen und Koagulieren für die minimal invasive Chirurgie, bestehend aus einem am distalen Ende angebachten, feststehenden Maulteil (3) mit einem schlitzförmigem Durchbruch (6) darin und einem auf dieses über ein Antriebsrohr (8) zu und wegbeweglichen Maulteil, in dem ein chirurgisches Messer (11) versenkbar ist, das über einen einen Hub ausführenden Antrieb bei nahe beieinander stehenden Maulteilen (3, 4) aus dem beweglichen Maulteil (4) heraus in den schlitzförmigen Durchbruch (6) hinein und wieder daraus herausgeführt werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
  • - der Antrieb im Antriebsrohr (8) für das bewegliche Maulteil (4) verankert ist und aus einer Feder (19) aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung, einer Stahldruckfeder (20) und einer axial geführten Schubstange (12) besteht;
  • - die Feder (19) mit ihrem einen Ende an einer fest mit dem Antriebsrohr (8) verbundenen Scheibe (16) verankert ist, ihr anderes Ende gegen eine im Antriebsrohr (8) axial bewegliche Scheibe (15) drückt, an der auf der zum beweglichen Maulteil (4) hingerichteten Seite eine axial geführte Schubstange (12) ansetzt, die an ihrem distalen Ende das axial hin und her bewegliche chirurgische Messer aufgesetzt hat, und die Stahldruckfeder über die Schubstange (12) geführt ist, mit ihrem einen Ende gegen die bewegliche Scheibe (15) drückt und mit ihrem anderen Ende gegen eine fest mit dem Antriebsrohr (8) für das bewegliche Maulteil (4) verbundenen Scheibe (21) drückt;
  • - die Feder (19) Teil eines elektrischen Stromkreise ist, der von außerhalb des Instruments zu- und weggeschaltet werden kann.
5. Kombinationsinstrument nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rückstellung des Antriebs bei Abschaltung des Stromes durch die Feder (19) über die Stahl-Druckfeder (20) erfolgt.
6. Kombinationsinstrument nach Anspruch 3 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kombinationsinstrument (1) eine Oberfläche aus gewebeverträglichem und elektrisch nicht leitenden Material hat.
7. Kombinationsinstrument nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Sterilisation des Kombinationsinstruments (1) in einem Dampfbad das chirurgische Messer (11) durch die Hitze des Dampfes ausgefahren wird und dadurch voll dem Sterilisierbad ausgesetzt ist.
DE4303882A 1993-02-10 1993-02-10 Kombinationsinstrument zum Trennen und Koagulieren für die minimal invasive Chirurgie Expired - Fee Related DE4303882C2 (de)

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DE4303882A DE4303882C2 (de) 1993-02-10 1993-02-10 Kombinationsinstrument zum Trennen und Koagulieren für die minimal invasive Chirurgie

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DE4303882A1 true DE4303882A1 (de) 1994-08-18
DE4303882C2 DE4303882C2 (de) 1995-02-09

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Cited By (314)

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DE29502992U1 (de) * 1995-02-22 1995-04-13 Stuckenbrock Medizintechnik Gmbh, 78532 Tuttlingen Bipolares HF-Schneidinstrument
DE4421822C1 (de) * 1994-06-22 1995-10-26 Karlsruhe Forschzent Endoskopisches, bipolares HF-Koagulationsgerät mit integrierter Schneideeinrichtung
EP0724863A2 (de) * 1995-02-01 1996-08-07 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Chirurgisches Instrument mit einem ausweitbaren, schneidenden Element
WO1997006738A1 (en) * 1995-08-18 1997-02-27 Somnus Medical Technologies, Inc. Ablation apparatus and system for removal of soft palate tissue
WO1997006741A2 (en) * 1995-08-18 1997-02-27 Somnus Medical Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for cosmetically remodeling a body structure
EP0769277A1 (de) * 1995-10-20 1997-04-23 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Automatischer Messerschutz für chirurgische Instrumente mit gekrümmten Backen
NL1003813C2 (nl) * 1995-08-18 1997-05-21 Somnus Medical Technologies Inrichting voor de behandeling van luchtwegobstructies.
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