DE4237072C1 - Resistive film pressure or force sensor for indicating occupation of vehicle seat - has conductive paths for providing series of meandering interdigitated local area transducer electrodes on polymer and semiconductor substrate. - Google Patents

Resistive film pressure or force sensor for indicating occupation of vehicle seat - has conductive paths for providing series of meandering interdigitated local area transducer electrodes on polymer and semiconductor substrate.

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Publication number
DE4237072C1
DE4237072C1 DE4237072A DE4237072A DE4237072C1 DE 4237072 C1 DE4237072 C1 DE 4237072C1 DE 4237072 A DE4237072 A DE 4237072A DE 4237072 A DE4237072 A DE 4237072A DE 4237072 C1 DE4237072 C1 DE 4237072C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
sensor
electrodes
film pressure
seat
resistive film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE4237072A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Reinhold Dipl Ing Mickeler
Volker Dipl Ing Petri
Guido Dipl Ing Wetzel
Bogdan Dipl Ing Serban
Michel Dipl Ing Witte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Interlink Electronics Europe SA
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Mercedes Benz AG
Interlink Electronics Europe SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz AG, Mercedes Benz AG, Interlink Electronics Europe SA filed Critical Daimler Benz AG
Priority to DE4237072A priority Critical patent/DE4237072C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4237072C1 publication Critical patent/DE4237072C1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/78—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites
    • H01H13/785—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites characterised by the material of the contacts, e.g. conductive polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
    • B60N2/0021—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement
    • B60N2/0024—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement for identifying, categorising or investigation of the occupant or object on the seat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
    • B60N2/0021—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement
    • B60N2/003—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement characterised by the sensor mounting location in or on the seat
    • B60N2/0034—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement characterised by the sensor mounting location in or on the seat in, under or on the seat cover
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/26—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children
    • B60N2/266—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children with detection or alerting means responsive to presence or absence of children; with detection or alerting means responsive to improper locking or installation of the child seats or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/26—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children
    • B60N2/266—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children with detection or alerting means responsive to presence or absence of children; with detection or alerting means responsive to improper locking or installation of the child seats or parts thereof
    • B60N2/267—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children with detection or alerting means responsive to presence or absence of children; with detection or alerting means responsive to improper locking or installation of the child seats or parts thereof alerting means responsive to presence or absence of children
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
    • B60R21/01516—Passenger detection systems using force or pressure sensing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/205—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using distributed sensing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/22—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers
    • G01L5/226—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers to manipulators, e.g. the force due to gripping
    • G01L5/228—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers to manipulators, e.g. the force due to gripping using tactile array force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2210/00—Sensor types, e.g. for passenger detection systems or for controlling seats
    • B60N2210/40—Force or pressure sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R2021/01122—Prevention of malfunction
    • B60R2021/01129—Problems or faults
    • B60R2021/01136—Cut lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R2021/01122—Prevention of malfunction
    • B60R2021/01129—Problems or faults
    • B60R2021/01143—Short circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/022—Material
    • H01H2201/032—Conductive polymer; Rubber
    • H01H2201/036—Variable resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2239/00—Miscellaneous
    • H01H2239/002—Conductive track to monitor integrity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H01H3/14—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch adapted for operation by a part of the human body other than the hand, e.g. by foot
    • H01H3/141—Cushion or mat switches

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The pressure sensor exhibits an electrical characteristic which decreases when the applied normal force increases. It comprises two laminated polymer layers respectively incorporating a semiconductor material and two conductor paths providing a pair of interdigitated meander-formed electrodes and associated electrical leads. Pref. a number of pressure sensor elements (1.1-1.4) are connected in series, so that the pressure sensitive resistances provided between their interdigitated electrodes are connected in parallel. ADVANTAGE - Allows self-testing using resistance measurement to detect short-circuit or conductor path breakage points in vehicle having air bag actuators.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen resistiven Foliendruck­ sensor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a resistive film printing Sensor according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist bereits ein gattungsgemäßer druckempfindlicher Wider­ stand in Form eines Foliendrucksensors bekannt, der serienmäßig gefertigt und in verschiedenen Varianten in vielen Bereichen, insbesondere auch in der Automobilindustrie eingesetzt wird. Dieser Foliendrucksensor ist auch unter dem eingetragenen Warenzeichen FSR bekannt, was die Abkürzung für "Force Sensing Resistor" ist.It is already a generic pressure sensitive counter was known in the form of a film pressure sensor, which is standard manufactured and in different variants in many areas, is also used in particular in the automotive industry. This film pressure sensor is also under the registered Trademark FSR known for the abbreviation for "Force Sensing Resistor ".

Ein solcher Foliendrucksensor besteht aus zwei Polymerlagen, die zusammenlaminiert wurden, wobei die eine Lage mit einem Halbleitermaterial und die andere mit zwei interdigitierenden kammartigen Elektroden beschichtet ist. Die kammartige Struktur der Elektroden wird durch dünne Leiterbahnen realisiert, die als Stichleitungen von einem Hauptstrang abzweigen, der über eine Verbindungsleitung mit einem Anschlußpunkt verbunden ist. Wird der Foliendrucksensor mit Druck belastet, schaltet das Halbleitermaterial die Kontaktfinger der Elektroden mehr oder weniger parallel, worauf der elektrische Widerstand zwischen den Elektroden abnimmt. Zwischen den beiden Anschlußpunkten liegt damit ein Widerstand (FSR) an, der mit zunehmender Druck­ kraft abnimmt und abhängig davon in einem Bereich von ungefähr drei Zehnerpotenzen variiert. Such a film pressure sensor consists of two polymer layers, which were laminated together, the one layer with a Semiconductor material and the other with two interdigitating comb-like electrodes is coated. The comb-like structure the electrodes are realized by thin conductor tracks, which branch off as branch lines from a main line, which via a connecting line is connected to a connection point. If the film pressure sensor is loaded with pressure, it switches Semiconductor material the contact fingers of the electrodes more or less parallel, whereupon the electrical resistance between the electrodes decreases. Between the two connection points there is a resistance (FSR) which increases with increasing pressure force decreases and depending on it in a range of approximately three powers of ten varied.  

Ein ähnlicher druckabhängiger Analogwandler oder Schalter, welcher ebenfalls eine Halbleitergemisch-Schicht und kammartige Elektroden verwendet, ist auch aus der DE 30 44 384 A1 bekannt und wird dort in einer Anwendung auf elektronische Musikinstru­ mente beschrieben. Weiterhin ist aus der US 5 010 774 ein Drucksensor bekannt, der sich aus einer Vielzahl von Sensor­ elementen zusammensetzt und auch zur Sitzbelegungserkennung angewendet wird. Auch hier weisen die einzelnen Sensorelemente eine kammartige Elektrodenstruktur auf.A similar pressure-dependent analog converter or switch, which is also a semiconductor mixture layer and comb-like Electrodes used are also known from DE 30 44 384 A1 and is there in an application on electronic music instru ment described. Furthermore, from US 5 010 774 Pressure sensor known, which consists of a variety of sensor elements and also for seat occupancy detection is applied. The individual sensor elements also point here a comb-like electrode structure.

Für sicherheitskritische Anwendung, wie zum Beispiel der Air­ bagauslösung in Kraftfahrzeugen, müssen die beteiligten Sen­ soren regelmäßig auf ihre Funktion überprüft werden. Das geschieht automatisch, beispielsweise in einem Selbsttest nach jedem Einschalten des Bordnetzes des Fahrzeugs.For safety-critical applications such as the Air bag release in motor vehicles, the participating sen function are checked regularly. The  happens automatically, for example in a self-test each time the vehicle electrical system is switched on.

Bei den bisher bekannten Foliendrucksensoren ergeben sich Nachteile dahingehend, daß deren Funktionsfähigkeit nur unge­ nügend oder nur unter großem Aufwand überprüft werden kann. So kann zwar durch Messung des Widerstandes zwischen den beiden Anschlußkontakten des Foliendrucksensors ein Kurzschluß oder eine Unterbrechung in einer Verbindungsleitung leicht erkannt werden, eine Leitungsunterbrechung im Bereich der interdigi­ tierenden Elektroden beeinflußt aber lediglich die Drucksen­ sitivität und könnte nur unter großem Aufwand mit Kenntnis der eingeprägten äußeren Kraft aus einer Abweichung vom Kennli­ nienverhalten ermittelt werden. Andererseits kann eine Einbuße an Drucksensitivität bei sicherheitskritischen Anwendungen nicht toleriert werden.The film pressure sensors known to date result Disadvantages in that their functionality is only unsafe sufficient or can only be checked with great effort. So can be done by measuring the resistance between the two Connection contacts of the film pressure sensor a short circuit or an interruption in a connecting line is easily recognized become a line break in the field of interdigi However, electrodes only affect the pressure sensors sitivity and could only be done with great effort with knowledge of impressed external force from a deviation from the characteristic behavior can be determined. On the other hand, a loss pressure sensitivity in safety-critical applications not be tolerated.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen gattungsgemäßen Folien­ drucksensor so auszubilden, daß eine einfache und zuverlässige Überprüfung der Leiterbahnen sowohl der Verbindungsleitungen als auch der kammartig ausgebildeten Elektroden ermöglicht wird.The object of the invention is a generic film design the pressure sensor so that it is simple and reliable Checking the conductor tracks and the connecting lines as well as the comb-like electrodes becomes.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Pa­ tentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This task is carried out with the characteristic features of Pa claim 1 solved.

In vorteilhafter Weise gestattet der erfindungsgemäße Folien­ drucksensor, daß durch Widerstandsmessung zwischen zwei von den insgesamt vier Anschlußkontakten die Leiterbahnen auf ihrer gesamten Länge, wobei der Bereich der Elektroden eingeschlossen ist, auf eine Leitungsunterbrechung bzw. Kurzschluß hin über­ prüft werden können. Aufgrund der verzweigungsfreien Ausführung der Kammstruktur der Elektroden wird eine Unterbrechung an be­ liebiger Stelle bei einem Selbsttest erkannt. The film according to the invention advantageously allows pressure sensor that by measuring the resistance between two of the a total of four connecting contacts the conductor tracks on your entire length, including the area of the electrodes is due to an open circuit or short circuit can be checked. Because of the branch-free design the comb structure of the electrodes will be interrupted anywhere recognized in a self-test.  

Besondere vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen sind durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche gekennzeichnet.Particularly advantageous training and further education are through the Characteristics of the subclaims marked.

Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeich­ nung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:Several embodiments of the invention are in the drawing voltage and are described in more detail below. It demonstrate:

Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Foliendrucksensors, Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a film-type pressure sensor according to the invention,

Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Foliendrucksensors, Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a film-type pressure sensor according to the invention,

Fig. 3 eine Beschaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Foliendrucksensors zwecks einer vereinfachten Funktionsprüfung, Fig. 3 is a circuitry of the film pressure sensor according to the invention for the purpose of a simplified functional test,

Fig. 4a eine Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Foliendruck­ sensors als Sensormatte für einen Fahrzeugsitz, FIG. 4a an embodiment of a film-type pressure sensor according to the invention as a sensor mat for a vehicle seat,

Fig. 4b einen Fahrzeugsitz. FIG. 4b shows a vehicle seat.

Die Darstellung der Foliendrucksensoren in den Fig. 1 bis 4a beschränkt sich auf die Leitungsführung der Leiterbahnen, unter Verzicht auf eine Wiedergabe der das Trägersubstrat bildenden Polymerlage und der Halbleiterschicht im Bereich der inter­ digitierenden Elektroden.The representation of the film pressure sensors in FIGS . 1 to 4a is limited to the routing of the conductor tracks, without the reproduction of the polymer layer forming the carrier substrate and the semiconductor layer in the region of the inter-digitizing electrodes.

In Fig. 1 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungs­ gemäßen Foliendrucksensor dargestellt, bestehend aus einem einzigen Sensorelement 1 mit vier Anschlußpunkten A, B, C, D. Von dem Anschlußpunkt A erstreckt sich eine durchgehende Lei­ terbahn 2 zum Anschlußpunkt C, ebenso eine Leiterbahn 3 von B nach D. Im drucksensitiven Bereich des Sensorelementes 1 nehmen die Leiterbahnen 2, 3 einen mäandrierenden Verlauf, wobei die so gebildeten kammartigen Strukturen der beiden Leiterbahnen 2, 3 ineinandergreifen, was den interdigitierenden Elektroden der bekannten Ausführungsformen entspricht.In Fig. 1, a first embodiment of a film pressure sensor according to the Invention is shown, consisting of a single sensor element 1 with four connection points A, B, C, D. From the connection point A extends a continuous Lei terbahn 2 to the connection point C, as well as a conductor 3rd from B to D. In the pressure-sensitive area of the sensor element 1 , the conductor tracks 2 , 3 take a meandering course, the comb-like structures of the two conductor tracks 2 , 3 thus formed interlocking, which corresponds to the interdigitating electrodes of the known embodiments.

In diesem wie in den folgenden Ausführungsbeispielen füllt der drucksensitive Bereich eines Sensorelementes 1 eine kreisför­ mige Grundfläche aus, im Vorgriff auf die Verwendung beim Auf­ bau einer Sensormatte zur Sitzbelegungserkennung. Ohne weiteres sind jedoch auch andere geometrische Formen für die Grundfläche des drucksensitiven Bereiches denkbar.In this and in the following exemplary embodiments, the pressure-sensitive area of a sensor element 1 fills a circular base, in anticipation of the use when building a sensor mat for seat occupancy detection. However, other geometric shapes for the base of the pressure-sensitive area are also conceivable without further ado.

In Bezug auf die bekannten Foliendrucksensoren ist der erfin­ dungsgemäße voll abwärtskompatibel, da die Anschlußpunkte A, B des erfindungsgemäßen Foliendrucksensors in Fig. 1 den beiden Anschlüssen der bekannten Ausführungen entsprechen.With respect to the known film pressure sensors, the invention is fully downward compatible, since the connection points A, B of the film pressure sensor according to the invention in FIG. 1 correspond to the two connections of the known designs.

Die Funktionsprüfung des Foliendrucksensors geschieht wie folgt: Bei einer Prüfung auf Kurzschluß zwischen den beiden Leiterbahnen 2, 3 wird mit einer Widerstandsmessung zwischen den Anschlußpunkten A und B oder C und D der druckabhängige Widerstand (FSR) zwischen den Leiterbahnen 2 und 3 gemessen. Wie bisher weist eine Unterschreitung einer bestimmten unteren Schranke auf einen Kurzschluß zwischen den Leiterbahnen 2 und 3 hin. Da die Leiterbahnen 2 und 3 einen definierten Widerstand besitzen, deutet ein abweichendes Ergebnis einer Widerstands­ messung zwischen den Anschlußpunkten A und C bzw. B und D auf eine Störung hin. Wird ein deutlich erhöhter Widerstandswert gemessen, so ist dies ein Hinweis auf eine Leitungsunterbre­ chung, während eine Erniedrigung auf einen Kurzschluß zwischen verschiedenen Abschnitten einer Leiterbahn schließen läßt.The functional test of the film pressure sensor is carried out as follows: When testing for a short circuit between the two conductor tracks 2 , 3 , the pressure-dependent resistance (FSR) between the conductor tracks 2 and 3 is measured with a resistance measurement between the connection points A and B or C and D. As before, falling below a certain lower limit indicates a short circuit between the conductor tracks 2 and 3 . Since the conductor tracks 2 and 3 have a defined resistance, a different result of a resistance measurement between the connection points A and C or B and D indicates a fault. If a significantly increased resistance value is measured, this is an indication of a line interruption, while a decrease indicates a short circuit between different sections of a conductor track.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel, welches in einer Aneinanderreihung von einzelnen Sensorelementen des Typs des vorangehenden Ausführungsbeispiels besteht. Zwei aufeinan­ derfolgende Sensorelemente 1, wie sie in Fig. 1 dargestellt sind, werden in der Weise vernetzt, daß die Anschlußkontakte C und D des einen Sensorelementes mit den Anschlüssen A und B eines nachfolgenden Sensorelementes verbunden sind. Damit er­ geben sich in Fig. 2 zwei durchgehende, verzweigungsfreie Lei­ terbahnen 4 und 5, bei denen die elektronischen kammartigen Leiterbahnabschnitte der einzelnen Sensorelemente in Reihe ge­ schaltet sind, während die jeweils zwischen zwei gegenüberlie­ genden elektronischen Leiterbahnabschnitten anliegenden druck­ sensitiven Widerstände (FSR) parallel geschaltet sind. FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment, which consists of a series of individual sensor elements of the type of the preceding exemplary embodiment. Two successive sensor elements 1 , as shown in Fig. 1, are networked in such a way that the connection contacts C and D of one sensor element are connected to the connections A and B of a subsequent sensor element. So that there are in Fig. 2 two continuous, branch-free Lei terbahnen 4 and 5 , in which the electronic comb-like conductor track sections of the individual sensor elements are connected in series ge, while the pressure sensitive resistors (FSR) applied in each case between two opposing electronic conductor track sections in parallel are switched.

In gleicher Weise wie bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel kann durch Messung des Widerstandes zwischen zwei der vier Anschluß­ punkte A, B, C, D der Foliendrucksensor in Fig. 2 überprüft werden. Darüberhinaus ist es möglich, aus den gemessenen Wi­ derstandswerten, eine Leitungsunterbrechung ungefähr zu loka­ lisieren, sofern die Einzelwiderstände der Sensorelemente 1.1 bis 1.4 unter gleichen äußeren Bedingungen bekannt sind. Wenn beispielsweise die eine Leitungsbahn 4 zwischen den Sensorele­ menten 1.3 und 1.4 unterbrochen ist, ergibt sich der gemessene Widerstand zwischen den Anschlußpunkten A und B aus der Paral­ lelschaltung der drei Widerstände der Sensorelemente 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 und der gemessene Widerstand zwischen den Anschlußpunkten C und D allein aus dem Widerstand des Sensorelementes 1.4. Umge­ kehrt kann auch zu jedem gemessenen Widerstand zwischen den An­ schlußpunkten A und B sowie C und D die entsprechende Fehler­ diagnose gestellt werden.In the same way as in the first embodiment, the film pressure sensor in Fig. 2 can be checked by measuring the resistance between two of the four connection points A, B, C, D. In addition, it is possible to approximately locate a line break from the measured resistance values, provided the individual resistances of the sensor elements 1.1 to 1.4 are known under the same external conditions. If, for example, a conductor path 4 between the sensor elements 1.3 and 1.4 is interrupted, the measured resistance between the connection points A and B results from the parallel connection of the three resistances of the sensor elements 1.1 , 1.2 , 1.3 and the measured resistance between the connection points C and D solely from the resistance of the sensor element 1.4 . Conversely, the corresponding error diagnosis can be made for each measured resistance between the connection points A and B as well as C and D.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen Foliendrucksensor, bei dem die Anschluß­ punkte C und D über einer Diode 8 für eine Stromrichtung lei­ tend verbunden sind. Mit einer umpolbaren Prüfspannung (< 0.7 V) an den Anschlußpunkten A und B kann unter einer Polarität, bei der die Diode 8 leitet, der Gesamtleitungswiderstand der Leiterbahnen 6 und 7 gemessen werden und auf eventuelle Stö­ rungen analysiert werden. Ist durch die Polung der Prüfspannung die Diode 8 gesperrt, so erfolgt die Messung der parallelge­ schalteten drucksensitiven FSR-Widerstände. In vorteilhafter Weise kann die Diode 8 auf dem nicht dargestellten Folienträger integriert werden, wodurch zwei Anschlußleitungen eingespart werden. Fig. 3 shows a film pressure sensor in which the connection points C and D are connected via a diode 8 for a current direction lei tend. With a polarity-reversible test voltage (<0.7 V) at the connection points A and B, the total line resistance of the conductor tracks 6 and 7 can be measured under a polarity at which the diode 8 conducts and analyzed for possible faults. Is the diode 8 blocked by the polarity of the test voltage, then the measurement of the parallel-connected pressure-sensitive FSR resistors takes place. Advantageously, the diode 8 can be integrated on the film carrier, not shown, whereby two connecting lines are saved.

In Fig. 4a ist ein Foliendrucksensor dargestellt, welcher als Sensormatte 9 zur Sitzbelegungserkennung für einen Fahrzeugsitz ausgestaltet ist. Innerhalb der Sitzkontur 10 befinden sich auf einem gemeinsamen Folienträger 11 eine Reihe von Sensorele­ menten 12 vom gleichen Typ wie das Sensorelement 1 in Fig. 1, wobei die Sensorelemente 12 nach dem Prinzip des Ausführungs­ beispiels in Fig. 2 vernetzt sind.In Fig. 4a, a film-type pressure sensor is shown, which is designed as a sensor mat for detecting seat occupancy 9 for a vehicle seat. Within the seat contour 10 are on a common film carrier 11 a number of Sensorele elements 12 of the same type as the sensor element 1 in Fig. 1, wherein the sensor elements 12 are networked according to the principle of execution example in Fig. 2.

Um eine durchgehende, verzweigungsfreie Leitungsführung zu er­ halten, bei einer möglichst gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Sen­ sorelemente 12 über die gesamte Sitzfläche, sind die Sensor­ elemente 12 entlang einer in Schleifen geführten Doppelring­ leitung 13 angeordnet, wobei jeweils mehrere Sensorelemente 12 in Form von stegartig in die Sitzfläche hineinragenden Sensor­ gruppen zusammengefaßt sind.In order to maintain a continuous, branch-free cable routing, with the most uniform possible distribution of the sensor elements 12 over the entire seat surface, the sensor elements 12 are arranged along a looped double ring line 13 , with several sensor elements 12 in the form of web-like in each Seat protruding sensor groups are summarized.

Im mittleren Sitzbereich 11 muß der Einsatz von Kindersitzen mit einer sehr kleinen spezifischen Flächenbelastung berück­ sichtigt werden, weshalb die Sensorelemente 12 in kürzeren Ab­ ständen zueinander angeordnet sind als in dem vorderen Sitzbe­ reich IV und dem Bereich der Seitenbacken I und III.In the middle seat area 11 , the use of child seats with a very small specific surface load must be taken into account, which is why the sensor elements 12 are arranged in shorter distances from each other than in the front seat area IV and the area of the side bolsters I and III.

Aufgrund der nach oben gewölbten Struktur der Seitenbacken I und III treten durch das Bespannen Torsionskräfte auf. Da diese nicht auf das Sensorelement übertragen werden dürfen, wäre das Sensorelement 12 idealerweise punktförmig zu gestalten. Due to the upward-arching structure of the side jaws I and III, torsional forces occur as a result of the covering. Since these must not be transferred to the sensor element, the sensor element 12 would ideally be designed in a punctiform manner.

Andererseits müssen die Sensorelemente 12 auch so groß sein, daß eine ausreichende Empfindlichkeit in normaler Richtung bei Sitzbelegung sichergestellt ist. In der Praxis hat sich ein kreisförmiges Sensorelement 12 mit einem Durchmesser von unge­ fähr 10 mm bewährt.On the other hand, the sensor elements 12 must also be large enough to ensure sufficient sensitivity in the normal direction when the seat is occupied. In practice, a circular sensor element 12 with a diameter of approximately 10 mm has proven itself.

Anfang und Ende der Doppelringleitung 13 sind mit Anschlußkon­ takten 14 verbunden, welche von oben nach unten betrachtet den Anschlußpunkten A, B, C, D des Ausführungsbeispiels der Fig. 2 entsprechen,.The beginning and end of the double ring line 13 are connected to Kontaktkon contacts 14 , which, viewed from the top down, correspond to the connection points A, B, C, D of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2.

Eine Widerstandsmessung zwischen den Anschlußpunkten A und B bzw. 3 und 4 ergibt die Aussage "Sitz belegt" oder "Sitz unbelegt", wobei der Dynamikumfang der Sensormatte zwischen 500 Ohm und 30 MOhm liegt. Widerstände unterhalb von ca. 500 Ohm deuten auf einen Kurzschluß zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden Elektroden oder zwischen zwei Verbindungsleitungen hin und lassen sich somit als Fehler diagnostizieren. Daneben können auch Fehler, die auf eine Unterbrechung der Leiterbahnen beru­ hen, wie in den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen durch Wi­ derstandsmessungen zwischen den Kontakten A und C sowie B und D aufgespürt werden. Damit ist die Sensormatte 9 auf alle Fehler­ zustände eindeutig prüfbar. Bei einer Fehlermeldung können von einem übergeordneten Steuergerät Maßnahmen getroffen werden, das Sicherheitssystem in einen sicheren Betriebszustand zu­ schalten, z. B. eine von der Sitzbelegung unabhängige Auslösung eines Beifahrer-Airbags.A resistance measurement between the connection points A and B or 3 and 4 yields the statement "seat occupied" or "seat unoccupied", the dynamic range of the sensor mat being between 500 ohms and 30 MOhms. Resistors below approx. 500 ohms indicate a short circuit between two opposite electrodes or between two connecting lines and can therefore be diagnosed as a fault. In addition, errors that are based on an interruption of the conductor tracks, as in the previous exemplary embodiments, can be detected by resistance measurements between contacts A and C as well as B and D. The sensor mat 9 can thus be clearly checked for all error states. In the event of an error message, measures can be taken by a higher-level control unit to switch the safety system into a safe operating state, e.g. B. independent of the seat occupancy triggering a passenger airbag.

Die vom Folienträger 11 nicht ausgefüllten großen Freiflächen lassen einen ausreichenden Luft- und Feuchtigkeitsaustausch zwischen der Sitzoberfläche und der Sitzunterseite zu und er­ möglichen dadurch ein angenehmes Sitzklima. The large open spaces not filled by the film carrier 11 allow sufficient air and moisture to be exchanged between the seat surface and the underside of the seat, thereby enabling a comfortable seating climate.

Die Fig. 4b zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das Sitzpolster des Fahrzeugsitzes. Die Sensormatte kann a) zwischen dem Bezug 15 und der Gummihaarmatte 16, b) innerhalb der Gummihaarmatte 16, c) zwischen der Gummihaarmatte 16 und dem Federrahmen 17 oder d) unmittelbar oberhalb der Sitzschale 18 angeordnet werden. FIG. 4b shows a cross section through the seat cushion of the vehicle seat. The sensor mat can be arranged a) between the cover 15 and the rubber hair mat 16 , b) inside the rubber hair mat 16 , c) between the rubber hair mat 16 and the spring frame 17 or d) directly above the seat shell 18 .

Aufgrund ihrer hohen Empfindlichkeit kann die Sensormatte 9 innerhalb des Sitzes deutlich unterhalb der Sitzoberfläche und somit unterhalb einer eventuell vorgesehenen Sitzheizung ange­ ordnet werden. Dies ermöglicht, die Sitzheizung möglichst weit oben an der Sitzoberfläche anzuordnen, um den Insassen schnell erwärmen zu können.Due to their high sensitivity, the sensor mat 9 can be arranged within the seat significantly below the seat surface and thus below a possibly provided seat heating. This makes it possible to arrange the seat heating as high as possible on the seat surface in order to be able to heat the occupant quickly.

Claims (4)

1. Resistiver Foliendrucksensor, insbesondere zur Sitzbele­ gungserkennung bei einem Fahrzeugsitz, dessen elektrischer Wi­ derstand mit zunehmender Normalkraft auf die Folienoberfläche abnimmt, bestehend aus zwei zusammenlaminierten Polymerlagen, wobei die eine Polymerlage mit einem Halbleitermaterial und die andere mit zwei Leiterbahnen beschichtet ist, welche von An­ schlußpunkten ausgehend Verbindungsleitungen bilden zu einem räumlich abgegrenzten drucksensitiven Sensorelement, wo die Leiterbahnen zu kammartigen, interdigitierend angeordneten Elektroden ausgebildet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungsleitungen und die Elektroden als durchgehende, verzweigungsfreie Leiterbahnen (2, 3) ausgeführt sind, wobei die kammartige Struktur der Elektroden durch eine mäandrierende Leitungsführung der Leiterbahnen (2, 3) erreicht wird, mit einem Anschlußpunkt am Anfang (A; B) und Ende (C; D) jeder Leiterbahn für einen beidseitigen Anschluß der Elektroden.1. Resistive film pressure sensor, in particular for seat occupancy detection in a vehicle seat, the electrical resistance of which decreases with increasing normal force on the film surface, consisting of two polymer layers laminated together, one polymer layer being coated with a semiconductor material and the other with two conductor tracks which are coated by An End points starting from connecting lines form a spatially delimited pressure-sensitive sensor element, where the conductor tracks are designed to form comb-like, interdigitating electrodes, characterized in that the connecting lines and the electrodes are designed as continuous, branch-free conductor tracks ( 2 , 3 ), the comb-like structure of the Electrodes are reached through a meandering routing of the conductor tracks ( 2 , 3 ), with a connection point at the beginning (A; B) and end (C; D) of each conductor track for connecting the electrodes on both sides. 2. Resistiver Foliendrucksensor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß mehrere Sensorelemente (1.1-1.4) in der Weise vernetzt sind, daß das Leiterbahnenpaar eines Sensorele­ mentes mit dem Leiterbahnenpaar eines folgenden Sensorelementes in Reihe geschaltet ist, wodurch die zwischen den interdigi­ tierenden Elektroden eines Sensorelementes anliegenden druck­ sensitiven Widerstände parallel geschaltet sind. 2. Resistive film pressure sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of sensor elements ( 1.1-1.4 ) are networked in such a way that the pair of conductor elements of a sensor element is connected in series with the pair of conductor elements of a subsequent sensor element, as a result of which the electrodes interdigitating a pressure sensitive resistors connected to a sensor element are connected in parallel. 3. Resistiver Foliendrucksensor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß der Foliendrucksensor als Sensormatte (9) zur Sitzbelegungserkennung, insbesondere bei Fahrzeugsitzen, aus­ gebildet ist, wobei
  • - die einzelnen Sensorelemente (12) kreisförmig, mit einem Durchmesser von ungefähr 10 mm ausgeführt sind,
  • - die Sensorelemente (12) mit den Verbindungsleitungen eine mäandrierende Doppelringleitung (13) bilden, zur flächen­ deckenden Verteilung der Sensorelemente (12) auf der Sensormatte (9),
  • - im mittleren Sitzbereich (11) die Sensorelemente (12) in stegförmig in den Sitzbereich hineinragende Sensorgruppen zusammengefaßt sind, mit kleineren gegenseitigen Abständen der Sensorelemente (12) zueinander als in den anderen Sitz­ bereichen, zur Erzielung einer größeren Empfindlichkeit.
3. Resistive film pressure sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that the film pressure sensor is formed as a sensor mat ( 9 ) for seat occupancy detection, in particular in vehicle seats, from
  • - The individual sensor elements ( 12 ) are circular, with a diameter of approximately 10 mm,
  • - The sensor elements ( 12 ) form a meandering double ring line ( 13 ) with the connecting lines for the area-wide distribution of the sensor elements ( 12 ) on the sensor mat ( 9 ),
  • - In the middle seat area ( 11 ) the sensor elements ( 12 ) are combined in web-like protruding sensor groups in the seat areas, with smaller mutual distances of the sensor elements ( 12 ) from each other than in the other seat areas, to achieve greater sensitivity.
4. Resistiver Foliendrucksensor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß die Enden (C, D) der beiden Leiterbahnen (6, 7) über eine Diode (8) miteinander verbunden sind.4. Resistive film pressure sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends (C, D) of the two conductor tracks ( 6 , 7 ) are connected to one another via a diode ( 8 ).
DE4237072A 1992-11-03 1992-11-03 Resistive film pressure or force sensor for indicating occupation of vehicle seat - has conductive paths for providing series of meandering interdigitated local area transducer electrodes on polymer and semiconductor substrate. Expired - Lifetime DE4237072C1 (en)

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