DE4233740A1 - Separating metal-crosslinked polyethylene@ composites - by swelling the polyethylene@ with alkane, esp. dodecane, at elevated temp. and thus separating the components - Google Patents

Separating metal-crosslinked polyethylene@ composites - by swelling the polyethylene@ with alkane, esp. dodecane, at elevated temp. and thus separating the components

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Publication number
DE4233740A1
DE4233740A1 DE19924233740 DE4233740A DE4233740A1 DE 4233740 A1 DE4233740 A1 DE 4233740A1 DE 19924233740 DE19924233740 DE 19924233740 DE 4233740 A DE4233740 A DE 4233740A DE 4233740 A1 DE4233740 A1 DE 4233740A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
vpe
separating
composite
swelling
separation
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DE19924233740
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German (de)
Inventor
Urban Dipl Ing Stricker
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STRICKER, URBAN, DIPL.-ING., 57271 HILCHENBACH, DE
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Priority to DE19924233740 priority Critical patent/DE4233740A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C08J11/06—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
    • C08J11/08—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions using selective solvents for polymer components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
    • B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/02—Aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/06—Polyethene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

Sepn. of metal and crosslinked polyethylene (VPE) from a complete or disintegrated composite prod. (I) comprises swelling the VPE by the action of a suitable solvent, esp. an alkane, esp. pref. dodecane, at a suitable temp. and pressure, and thus separating the composite. Pref. the sepd. components can be simultaneously sorted by a float-sink process, and separation can be accelerated by stirring or by ultrasonic vibration. USE/ADVANTAGE - Provides a simple process for separating the components of a VPE/metal joint or composite; the process can be operated as a combined sepn. and sorting process (contrast processes based on complete dissolution). and the swollen VPE is easily sepd. from the swelling agent and recovered. The alkane gives rise to no unwanted side reactions or soiling, and is simple and safe to use.

Description

GrundlagenBasics

Thermoplastische Kunststoffe, und in einigen Fällen auch vernetzte Kunststoffe oder Elastomere zeigen bei Einwirkung von Lösungsmitteln in vielen Fällen Quelleffekte. Die Ausbildung einer Quellung ist dabei abhängig von der chemischen Konstitution des Kunststoffes und des Lösungsmittels, von der Morphologie des Kunststoffes und dem dadurch beeinflußten Migrations- und Permeationsverhalten gegenüber dem Lösungsmittel sowie von den thermodynamischen Umgebungsverhältnissen.Thermoplastic, and in some cases cross-linked plastic or elastomers show in many cases when exposed to solvents Source effects. The formation of a swelling depends on the chemical constitution of plastic and solvent, of which Morphology of the plastic and the migration and Permeation behavior towards the solvent and from the thermodynamic environmental conditions.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Trennung von Verbundbauteilen, die Kunststoffe enthalten wird meist durch eine Zerkleinerung des Bauteiles erzielt. Eine solche Zerkleinerung führt zur Verbundtrennung, wenn genügend große Elastizitätsunterschiede der beteiligten Komponenten vorliegen oder wenn es sich um einen reinen Formschluß-Verbund handelt. Die Schaffung von genügend großen Elastizitätsunterschieden wird gegebenenfalls durch eine Zerkleinerung an stark gekühlten Bauteilen erzielt (Kyro-Zerkleinerung).The separation of composite components that contain plastics is mostly through crushing the component. Such crushing leads to Compound separation if there are sufficiently large differences in elasticity between the parties involved Components are present or if it is a pure form-fit connection acts. The creation of sufficiently large differences in elasticity will if necessary achieved by shredding on strongly cooled components (Kyro shredding).

Eine Trennmethode zur Trennung von Kunststoff-Metall-Verbundbauteilen wird in der Offenlegungsschrift OS 38 23 952 mit der induktiven Erwärmung des Metalls beschrieben. In dem Beitrag "Physikalische, physikalisch-chemische und chemische Trennmethoden für Kunststoffverbunde am Beispiel von lackierten und hinterschäumten Stoßfänger" von Dipl.-Ing. Urban Stricker, erschienen in der Schriftenreihe "Kunststoff+Recycling" des Kunststoff-Recycling-Zentrum Verbandes, Berlin 1991, werden weitere Trennmethoden in ihren grundsätzlichen Wirkmechanismen beschrieben, die zum Teil auch auf dem Einsatz von Lösungsmitteln beruhen. Dabei werden die Lösungsmittel immer im Sinne einer Selektion so genutzt, daß eine zu trennende Komponente selektiv vollständig in Lösung genommen, und aus dieser zurückgewonnen wird.A separation method for the separation of plastic-metal composite components is in OS 38 23 952 with inductive heating of the metal described. In the article "Physical, physico-chemical and chemical separation methods for plastic composites using the example of painted and foamed bumper "by Dipl.-Ing. Urban Stricker, published in the Publication series "Kunststoff + Recycling" of the Kunststoff-Recycling-Zentrum Verband, Berlin 1991, further separation methods in their basic Mechanisms of action described, some of which are based on the use of Solvents are based. The solvents are always in the sense of a Selection used so that a component to be separated completely selectively in Solution taken, and is recovered from this.

In der DIN 8 580 "Fertigungsverfahren" werden in der Hauptgruppe 3 " Trennen" alle üblichen Trennverfahren gelistet. In DIN 8 580 "Manufacturing Processes", the main group 3 "Separate" all common separation processes listed.  

Das hier beschriebene Trennverfahren durch Quellung von vernetztem Polyethylen (VPE) läßt sich nicht der Gruppe 3.5 "Zerlegen" (DIN 8 591) und hier wiederum der Untergruppe 3.5.8 "Lösen von Klebeverbindungen" zuordnen, da das Zerlegen und das Lösen von Klebeverbindungen nur ohne eine Schädigung einer der Fügepartner definiert wird. Ebensowenig läßt es sich der Gruppe 3.4 "Abtragen" und dort der Untergruppe 3.4.2 "Chemisches Abtragen" zuordnen, da keine chemische Umsetzung eines Fügepartners in flüchtige oder leicht entfernbare Verbindungen erfolgt.The separation process described here by swelling of cross-linked Polyethylene (VPE) can not be group 3.5 "disassembly" (DIN 8 591) and here again assign to subgroup 3.5.8 "loosening adhesive bonds", because the disassembly and loosening of adhesive bonds only without damage one of the joining partners is defined. Nor can Group 3.4 "Remove" and assign it to subgroup 3.4.2 "Chemical removal" because no chemical conversion of a joining partner into volatile or easy Removable connections are made.

Die Zuordnung, die der erfindungsgemäßen Vorgehensweise am nächsten kommt, ist die in der Gruppe 3.6 "Reinigen" und hier die Untergruppen 3.6.4 "Lösemittelreinigen" und 3.6.5 "Chemisches Reinigen", wobei keine der dort gegebenen Definitionen den Verhältnissen bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gerecht wird. Die Fügepartner werden weder durch Lösen in einem organischen Lösungsmittel, noch durch eine chemische Umsetzung getrennt.The assignment that comes closest to the procedure according to the invention is that in group 3.6 "cleaning" and here the subgroups 3.6.4 "Solvent cleaning" and 3.6.5 "Chemical cleaning", none of which are there given definitions of the conditions in the method according to the invention justice. The joining partners become neither by dissolving in an organic Solvent still separated by chemical reaction.

Der Erfindung liegt der überraschende Effekt zugrunde, daß die Quellung des VPE allein oder auch in Verbindung mit einem strömungstechnischen Reinigen (DIN 8592, 3.6.3) oder anderen Trennverfahren zur Verbundtrennung genutzt werden kann.The invention is based on the surprising effect that the swelling of the PU alone or in connection with a fluidic cleaning (DIN 8592, 3.6.3) or other separation methods for composite separation can be.

Erfindungsgemäßes VerfahrenMethod according to the invention

Der überraschende Trenneffekt läßt sich dadurch erklären, daß die Quellung den kohäsiven Zusammenhalt innerhalb des VPE beeinflußt, wobei im Allgemeinen der innere Spannungszustand aufgehoben wird. Darüberhinaus können aufgrund molekularer Polaritätsveränderungen auch adhäsive Wirkmechanismen an Grenzflächen beeinflußt werden.The surprising separation effect can be explained by the fact that the swelling affects cohesive cohesion within the VPE, generally the inner state of tension is released. Furthermore, due to molecular polarity changes also adhesive mechanisms of action Interfaces are affected.

Die Aufhebung von inneren kohäsiven und/oder äußeren adhäsiven Spannungszuständen im VPE wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Behandlung des Verbundes mit Quellmitteln hervorgerufen und zur Verbundtrennung genutzt. Dabei kann die Verbundtrennung durch strömungstechnische Einwirkung auf die Verbundteile unterstützt werden, beispielsweise durch Rühren. Auch die Ultraschallbehandlung eines Trennbades kann die Verbundtrennung unterstützen.The abolition of internal cohesive and / or external adhesive According to the invention, states of tension in the VPE are treated by treating the Compound with swelling agents and used to separate the compound. The composite separation can be caused by fluidic influences on the Composite parts are supported, for example by stirring. Also the Ultrasonic treatment of a separation bath can support composite separation.

Das Quellbad selber kann erfindungsgemäß gleichzeitig als Sortiermedium im Sinne einer Schwimm-Sink Sortierung genutzt werden. Dazu ist es erforderlich, daß die Dichte des gewählten Quellmittels zwischen den Dichten der getrennten Verbundkomponenten liegt. Diese einfache Sortiermöglichkeit zeichnet das Verfahren als wesentlich vorteilhaft gegenüber anderen Trennverfahren aus, die eine Trennung durch vollständige Lösung bewirken.According to the invention, the swelling bath itself can be used simultaneously as a sorting medium in the In the sense of a swim-sink sorting. To do this, it is necessary that the density of the selected swelling agent between the densities of the separated  Composite components lies. This simple sorting option distinguishes it Process as significantly advantageous over other separation processes that cause separation by complete solution.

Ein weiterer Vorteil dieses Verfahrens ist es, daß das gequollene VPE mit geringem Aufwand von dem Quellmittel befreit werden kann. Das VPE ist somit einer einfachen weiteren Aufbereitung zugänglich.Another advantage of this method is that the swollen VPE with can be freed from the swelling agent with little effort. The VPE is thus easily accessible for further processing.

Trennen von VPE und Aluminium aus VerbundrohrenSeparation of XLPE and aluminum from composite pipes

Rohre aus einem Verbund von Aluminium und vernetztem Polyethylen (VPE), wie sie bspw. für Warmwasserleitungen eingesetzt werden, werden in einem Zerkleinerungsaggregat zu einem Mahlgut zerkleinert. Die Partikelgröße des Mahlgutes ist von den Dimensionen des jeweiligen Rohres und den Größenverhältnissen des jeweiligen Trennbades abhängig. Für beidseitig mit VPE ummantelte Aluminium Rohre von 16 mm Außendurchmesser hat sich eine Partikelgröße wie sie durch die Verwendung eines 6mm-Siebeinsatzes bei einer Messermühle hervorgerufen wird als geeignet erwiesen, eine vollständige Verbundtrennung auch in kleineren Trennbädern von etwa 1,5 l Inhalt durchzuführen. Die vollständige Trennung erfolgte hier in mit Quellmittel gefüllten Bechergläsern, wobei das Quellmittel mit einem Magnet-Rührheizwerk beheizt und mit 140 U/min gerührt wurde.Pipes made of a composite of aluminum and cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), such as They are used for hot water pipes, for example, in one Shredding unit crushed into a regrind. The particle size of the Grist depends on the dimensions of the respective pipe and the Depending on the size of the respective separating bath. For VPE on both sides encased aluminum tubes with an outer diameter of 16 mm has one Particle size like that by using a 6mm sieve insert with a Knife mill is proven to be suitable for a complete Compound separation also in smaller separation baths of approx. 1.5 l content perform. The complete separation took place here with swelling agent filled beakers, taking the swelling agent with a magnetic stirring heater was heated and stirred at 140 rpm.

Als Quellmittel wurde Dodecan bei einer Temperatur von 140°C und Cyclohexanon bei 130°C erfolgreich angewendet.Dodecane was used as swelling agent at a temperature of 140 ° C. and cyclohexanone successfully applied at 130 ° C.

Bei beiden verwendeten Quellmitteln sind die Dichteverhältnisse derart, daß nach erfolgter Verbundtrennung eine Sortierung der Verbundkomponenten durch ein Aufschwimmen des VPE und ein Absinken des Aluminium erfolgt.With both swelling agents used, the density ratios are such that after the composite components are sorted by a The PU floats and the aluminum sinks.

Die Verwendung eines alkanischen Quellmittels weist für die Anwendung besondere Vorteile auf, da hierbei nicht mit unerwünschten Nebenreaktionen beispielsweise mit anhaften den Verschmutzungen zu rechnen ist. Darüberhinaus sind sie auch unter Aspekten des Arbeitsschutzes verfahrenstechnisch einfach zu nutzen.The use of an alkanic swelling agent indicates the application special advantages, since this does not lead to undesirable side reactions for example, sticking to the dirt is to be expected. Furthermore they are also technically simple from the point of view of occupational safety to use.

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zur Verbundtrennung von Metall und vernetztem Polyethylen (VPE) aus einem vollständigem oder zerkleinertem Verbundprodukt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein geeignetes Lösungsmittel, insbesondere alkanische Lösungsmittel und hier insbesondere Dodecan bei für eine Quellung des VPE geeigneten Temperatur- und Druckverhältnissen zur Quellung des VPE verwendet wird, und somit der Verbund getrennt wird.1. A process for the composite separation of metal and cross-linked polyethylene (VPE) from a complete or crushed composite product, characterized in that a suitable solvent, in particular alkanic solvent and here in particular dodecane at suitable for swelling of the VPE temperature and pressure ratios to swell the VPE is used, and thus the composite is separated. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Quellbad gleichzeitig eine Schwimm-Sink Sortierung der getrennten Verbundkomponenten durchgeführt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that in the spring bath a swim-sink sorting of the separated ones Composite components is carried out. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quellösung gerührt wird, und so die Verbundtrennung beschleunigt wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the swelling solution is stirred, thus accelerating the bond separation becomes. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quellösung mit einer Ultraschallquelle in Schwingung versetzt wird, und so die Verbundtrennung beschleunigt wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the source solution is vibrated with an ultrasound source, and so the compound separation is accelerated.
DE19924233740 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Separating metal-crosslinked polyethylene@ composites - by swelling the polyethylene@ with alkane, esp. dodecane, at elevated temp. and thus separating the components Withdrawn DE4233740A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924233740 DE4233740A1 (en) 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Separating metal-crosslinked polyethylene@ composites - by swelling the polyethylene@ with alkane, esp. dodecane, at elevated temp. and thus separating the components

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE19924233740 DE4233740A1 (en) 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Separating metal-crosslinked polyethylene@ composites - by swelling the polyethylene@ with alkane, esp. dodecane, at elevated temp. and thus separating the components

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19507065A1 (en) * 1995-03-01 1996-09-12 Univ Dresden Tech Mechanical joints for components of product activated by swelling or soluble substances
WO2018091356A1 (en) * 2016-11-17 2018-05-24 Alpla Werke Alwin Lehner Gmbh & Co. Kg System and process for recycling contaminated polyolefins

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3340165A1 (en) * 1983-11-07 1985-05-15 Lentia GmbH Chem. u. pharm. Erzeugnisse - Industriebedarf, 8000 München Process for separating metal and plastic of a sheet-like metal/plastics composite material

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3340165A1 (en) * 1983-11-07 1985-05-15 Lentia GmbH Chem. u. pharm. Erzeugnisse - Industriebedarf, 8000 München Process for separating metal and plastic of a sheet-like metal/plastics composite material

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, 24. Ausgabe, S. 254 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19507065A1 (en) * 1995-03-01 1996-09-12 Univ Dresden Tech Mechanical joints for components of product activated by swelling or soluble substances
WO2018091356A1 (en) * 2016-11-17 2018-05-24 Alpla Werke Alwin Lehner Gmbh & Co. Kg System and process for recycling contaminated polyolefins
CH713184A1 (en) * 2016-11-17 2018-05-31 Alpla Werke Alwin Lehner Gmbh & Co Kg Plant and process for the recycling of contaminated polyolefins.
US11028248B2 (en) 2016-11-17 2021-06-08 Alpla Werke Alwin Lehner Gmbh & Co. Kg System and process for recycling contaminated polyolefins

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