DE4211807A1 - Means for regulating the nitrification of ammonium nitrogen in soils - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to novel agents for preventing or regulating the nitrification of ammonium nitrogens in arable ground. It is the purpose of the invention to improve the efficiency, durable action and volatility of the basic type of prior art nitrification inhibitors. It has astonishingly been found that agents which contain as active components metal salts corresponding to the general formula (I) in which M is NH4, alkaline and alkaline earth ions and preferably Ca and Mg, Fe and Al, R is hydrogen, halogen or methyl, X can include a monovalent inorganic anion, preferably halogen, m is usually zero but can be 1 or 2 in the case of alkaline earth or aluminium cations, and S may assume values between 1 and 3, have a better nitrification-preventing action and are less volatile.

Description

The invention relates to new means for preventing or regulating the Ni trification of ammonium nitrogen, especially from mineral and or ganic fertilizers, in cultivated soils.

To reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen in the soil due to nitrification reduce, thus the utilization of fertilizer nitrogen on one side te crucial improvement, on the other hand, the nitrate pollution To minimize the ground and surface water, it is common for the soil to supply suitable substances that inhibit or regulate the nitrifica effect process.

It is known that 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine is used for this purpose (US 3,424,754), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (JA 71-94 135 and JA 71-94 136), sub substituted pyrazoles (US 3,494,757, DE 40 18 395, DD 131 063 and DD 133 088) and their salts (US 3,635,690, JA 72-47 183); complex chemical compounds (DD 230 523), but also metal salts of unsubstituted pyrazole (JA 72-47 182) and substituted pyrazoles (US 4,522,642) can be used can. Although most of the known substances for regulating the Ni trification of a more or less sufficient biological effectiveness have a number of applications under practical conditions outgoing disadvantages such. B. the need for rapid familiarization in the soil due to excessive volatility, insufficient chemical stability or their toxicological or ecotoxicological concern gene.

The aim of the invention is to develop active ingredients that are methyl pyrazole and methyl substituted in the 1-position with organic radicals pyrazole over a higher efficiency and an improved long-term effect have and do not have the aforementioned disadvantages.

It has surprisingly been found that agents which act as metal salts as active ingredient according to the general formula

included, where
M represents NH ₄ , alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, preferably Ca, Mg but also Fe and Al,
R represents hydrogen, halogen or methyl,
X can embody a monovalent inorganic anion, preferably halogen,
m is usually "zero", but can be 1 or 2 in the case of alkaline earth or aluminum cations and
S can have values between 1 and 3,
have an improved nitrification-inhibiting effect and reduced volatility.

The proposed means have the advantage that the application rates are low are the disadvantageous high volatility of some already as nitrification inhibitor of known substances excluded and the desired positive Effect with regard to the residual effect could even be improved.

The agents according to the invention can be used together with solid and liquid mi general or organic fertilizers containing urea and / or ammonia and / or contain ammonium nitrogen. You can also in the form of a solid or liquid concentrate, e.g. B. in water or in Mixture with a solid, ground or granulated carrier to turn come.

The agents according to the invention can also be used in combination with other agro chemicals such as B. pesticides and pesticides as well can be applied in combination with other agrotechnical measures.

The new funds will be expedient shortly before, simultaneously with or shortly after application of the fertilizer with an application rate of 0.1 to 20 kg of active ingredient per hectare, preferably 0.5 to 5 kg per hectare  brings. When used with a solid or liquid fertilizer, so they can be applied with 0.1 to 20 wt .-% of the fertilizer nitrogen will.

The agents according to the invention have a comparison with previously known substances a number of advantages. They are not sufficiently soluble in water volatile, show a good long-term effect due to their stability and work even at low concentrations, which helps to reduce the Environmental impact is to be assessed.

At the same time, they enable a decisive improvement in utilization of fertilizer nitrogen and thus increase the effectiveness of the stick fertilization.

Table 1 gives an exemplary overview of inhibitory effects and volatility of tested substances. Individual representatives of those in Table 1 listed compounds are already known as chemical compounds (S. Trofimenko, Chem. Rev. 72 (1972) 497).

Table 1

example 1

The agents according to the invention were added as a urea-active ingredient mixture to a black earth-like, sandy loam soil and mixed evenly. Depending on the test facility, the active substance concentration was 4 ppm (Table 2) or 2, 1 and 0.5 ppm (Table 3), based on soil mass, with a nitrogen addition of 20 mg NH ₄ ⁺-N / 100 g soil. After moistening the soil to 50% of the maximum water capacity, the mixture was incubated at 20 ° C. and the nitrite or nitrate nitrogen formed was determined after 14, 28, 42 and 56 days, depending on the test duration. The same urea addition to the floor as in the test variants served as a control.

The inhibitory effect in percent is calculated according to the relationship

a - Control nitrite and nitrate content
b - Nitrite and nitrate content of the sample with active ingredient
c - Nitrite and nitrate content of the soil used.

3-Methylpyrazole (MP) was included in the test as the standard substance pulled.  

Table 2

Table 3

As can be seen from Example 1, Table 2, occur in a tested Active substance concentration of 4 ppm in the compounds according to the invention no significant differences in effects are revealed by the tests results of the pyrazolates of chrome, nickel and copper. The latter result was surprising enough in negative terms. So he The fact that Py razolate of alkaline earth metals compared to all other ver bonds an outstanding residual effect to be particularly emphasized, especially with extremely low concentrations of the active substance (Table 3).

Example 2

An essential criterion for the practical and therefore economical reasonable use of nitrification inhibitors is the determination of their volatile behavior.

30 g of a sand rust soil was moistened to 10% of the WK and in Conway bowls transferred. 3 mg of active substance was distilled in 0.5 ml Water dissolved, suspended or emulsified and on the floor surface equally distributed.

For sorption of the active substance that passes into the gas phase, a serving dish with 4 ml n / 10 H ₂ SO _{4 is introduced} into the Conway bowl in the case of substances that react with a base.

On the specified sampling dates after 3, 7, 11 and 14 days, the volatilized active ingredient bound by sulfuric acid determines where in the presentation of results in percent of volatilization of active ingredients based on the amount applied is carried out (Table 4).  

Table 4

Claims (6)

1. Means for inhibiting or controlling nitrification, characterized in that they are a compound of the general formula as an active ingredient included, where
M represents ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth ions, preferably Ca, Mg but also Fe and Al,
R represents hydrogen, halogen or methyl,
X can embody a monovalent inorganic anion, preferably halogen,
m is usually "zero", but can be 1 or 2 in the case of alkaline earth or aluminum cations and
S can have values between 1 and 3. 2. Means for inhibiting nitrification according to claim 1, characterized records that the active ingredients in a mixture with or together with solid or liquid mineral or organic fertilizers, the urine Contain substance and / or ammonia and / or ammonium nitrogen, in the form a solid or liquid concentrate or in a mixture with a solid ground or granulated carrier are used. 3. Means for inhibiting nitrification according to claim 1, characterized records that it is before, simultaneously with or after fertilizer application come into use.   4. Means for inhibiting nitrification according to claim 1, characterized records that they share with other agrochemicals and / or agro technical measures are used. 5. means for inhibiting nitrification according to claim 1, characterized records that with an application rate of 0.1 to 20 kg of active ingredient / ha, preferably 0.5 to 5 kg / ha are applied. 6. Means for inhibiting nitrification according to claim 1, characterized records that they fertilizers in amounts of 0.1 to 20 weight percent of fertilizer nitrogen, preferably 0.5 to 10 weight percentages, to be added.