DE4211524A1 - Solar energy absorber for roof mounting - has hinged mirrors to increase amount of energy absorbed - Google Patents

Abstract

The roof element in the form of a solar energy absorber or a solar cell module is fastened to the roof truss to form a rain-proof covering. The absorber or module (1, 1a, 1b) has a hinge (6), fixed to its lower edge, by which it is fastened to the beam (3) of the roof truss and one or more mirrors (4) are fastened to the lower edge of the module and arranged at an angle (alpha) to it. The value of the angle (alpha) lies between 90 and 120 deg. The end edges (8) of the mirrors (4) overlap the edges of the modules (1) and a sealing strip (7) is fitted to form a watertight joint. USE/ADVANTAGE - The mirrors enable a greater amount of solar energy to be absorbed.

Description

The invention relates to a roof element according to the preamble of claim 1.

It is already known several times, for example as an absorber train and attach to the roof beams of the roof structure, so that any additional rainproof cover is not needed because of that Absorbers or modules are rainproof. It is only required that Sealing joints between the individual absorbers or modules.

The roof elements designed in this way have the disadvantage that the contained absorbers or modules cannot be adjusted.

Another solar device is known in which the solar cell modules or absorbers are provided with a V-shaped mirror arrangement through which the effect of the modules or absorbers is significantly increased. Here is also possible to use the absorbers or modules together with the mirrors a cable or chain hoist to adjust (DE-GM 90 15 541). This solar device is mounted above the roof, so that it Function of rain protection can not take over.

The invention has for its object the roof element of the beginning mentioned type so that it together with adjustable mirrors can form the roof skin itself.

To solve this problem, the characterizing features of claim 1 intended.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the subclaims featured.  

This makes it possible, despite the adjustability with spie to forego further roof elements. It can even be on the be Known roof battens can be dispensed with entirely because they are practically the lower edges of the absorbers or modules are formed.

Further advantages and details of the invention result from the Now the following description of two exemplary embodiments with reference on the drawing. In this shows

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of the roof elements according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a view like FIG. 1 in a further embodiment;

Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of another embodiment and form

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 3

Fig. 1 shows a roof beam 3 , as it is present in a conventional roof truss. Instead of the roof panels and the roof tiles of a conventional type, the roof element according to the invention according to FIG. 1 is mounted here by means of hinges 6 , 6 a, 6 b, each roof element consisting of an absorber or module 1 and a mirror 4 , which is at an angle α is arranged to the module or absorber 1 . Only one hinge 6 or angle iron 15 therefore belongs to each of these roof elements. The others shown are identical to each other.

In FIG. 1, we see the top left the absorber or the module with the upper edge 5 on which the substantially horizontally lying mirror 4 b with its overlapping strip 7 rests. Of course, this belongs to the next highest roof element with the rod 12 b, which is fastened via a joint 13 c to the underside of the mirror 4 b and also by means of a fastening element 17 ( not shown in detail here) on the roof beam 3 . Such rods 12 , 12 a, 12 b and 12 c are well known to those skilled in the art for opening roof windows in various embodiments and therefore need not be shown in detail. It can be telescopic poles, but also individual, ver provided with holes rods that are adjustably connected to the roof beam 3 .

Further to the right you can see that the module 1 is held together with the mirror 4 by the angle iron 11 . This means that the angle iron 11 is screwed to the module and the mirror 4 . On the angle iron you can see the hinge 6 below, with which the angle iron is attached to the Dachbal ken 3 .

The lower edge 2 of the module 1 and the left end edge 9 of the mirror 4 are covered with a sealing strip 10 in order to ensure absolute rainproofness at this point.

As already mentioned above, the mirrors 4 , 4 a, 4 b and 4 c are identical to one another. Here is only to be shown how the various individual Dachele elements are arranged interlocking, the upper edge 5 , 5 a, 5 b and 5 c of the sealing strip 7 of the mirror 4 are easily releasably overlapped. This means that after loosening the fastener 17 on the opposite side of the roof beam 3, there is the possibility of pivoting the entire element upwards about the hinge 6 , 6 a, 6 b and then the rod 12, 12 a, 12 b, 12 c to lock on the roof beam 3 again. In this case 1, the angle α is shown in FIG. Obtained because module 1 and mirror 4 are rigidly connected together and the module 1 is pivoted in this case to the left, whereby the tilt angle changes.

This creates a ventilation gap between the upper edge 5 of the module 1 and the end edge 8 of the mirror with the overlap strip 7 . This ge changed position is indicated by the dash-dotted representation 18 in the central region of FIG. 1. This position is needed in summer, as will be explained later.

On the underside of the mirror 4 a, an additional mirror 4 d can be seen in FIG. 1 at an angle β to the upward mirror 4 a. The mirror side of this additional mirror 4 d is directed downwards.

As can be seen from the dash-dotted representation somewhat above, the mirror 4 d serves to partially cover the ventilation gap mentioned above. The decisive point is, of course, that in this dash-dotted representation 18 of the mirror 4 d, additional solar radiation is also thrown onto the underlying module 1 c, which is also swung out. As a rule, of course, all roof elements according to the invention are brought into the same swivel position at about the same time as is shown in broken lines.

Further it can be of FIG. 1 shows that an additional support between the upper mirror 4a and the lower 4 d is arranged thereof for secure retention. For this purpose, the mirror 4 d can be arranged pivotably on the underside of the mirror 4 a, so that the same can also be adjusted for the different seasons.

Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment in which the absorber or the module 1 b by means of the angle iron 15 immovably on the Dachbal ken 3 a can be fastened. In contrast, here the end edge 9 b is fastened to the roof beam 3 a by means of the hinge 14 , so that the mirror 4 c in this case, as before, can be pivoted upward to the left in accordance with the position 18 in FIG. 1. In addition, in this embodiment, half of the mirror 4 c of the bellows 16 is arranged, which ensures a connection between the rigid module 1 c and the mirror 4 c also in the dash-dotted layer 18 , which is not shown here again. In this way, the watertightness is guaranteed even with upwardly pivoted mirror 4 c. In addition, the wind attack area is of course significantly reduced.

The mode of operation of the subject matter of the invention is described below purifies.

In winter and in the transition periods in Central Europe it is not necessary to change the fully extended positions shown in FIGS . 1 and 2. The angle α between module and mirror is preferably between 90 and 120 °. As a result, the sun rays, which are very low in winter, are still absorbed by the module, and the mirror is also effective, as is known to the person skilled in the art from the preceding documents. It is therefore only necessary to make the adjustment mentioned during the warm seasons, in which a ventilation of the attic or the loft is appropriate anyway. For this purpose, the prior art shows fasteners 17 , 17 a, 17 b, 17 c, which can be operated remotely, similarly as is the case with garage doors. This means that it is not even necessary to go to the roof for adjustment. On the other hand, it is just cheap that the adjustment from the attic or the loft is possible. Thus, the adjustment can be done easily by hand. The prior art shows z. B. telescopic rods 12 , which even allow a continuous adjustment and subsequent attachment to the roof beam 3 .

It has also proven to be particularly advantageous that the back of the solar cell modules 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, as is known, emits heat during operation and thus heats the attic or the attic apartment. In summer, this heat is compensated for by the fact that the additional excess heat, which is then not required, can escape to the outside between the upper edge 5 b and the upper edge of the element 18 .

If it is an attic apartment, there is also the possibility to design the mirror 4 as a spy glass mirror, which thus also serves as a window.

But even when using heat collectors 1 , a simplification of the heat transfer from the collector 1 to the loft is easily possible, as the person skilled in the art can understand without further explanation. By heating collector 1 , the attic or roof truss is heated in winter.

The formation of the mirror 4 is also known from the previous prior art and therefore need not be explained in more detail. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the dimensioning of the same depends on the roof pitch. Conversely, the roof slope of the roof beam 3 can also be chosen so that the desired size of the mirror 4 is achieved. It is desirable that the levels 4 , 4 a, 4 b, 4 c are as large as possible, because it is known that the effectiveness increases with increasing size. Therefore flat roof pitches are desirable.

The person skilled in the art also has the hand to prevent overheating of modules 1 by avoiding an excessive adjustment to the dash-dotted position 18 in midsummer. In rainy weather, this situation will not usually be set anyway.

Furthermore, there is also the possibility of attaching a blower to the rear of the modules or absorber 1 , which is used in winter to heat the room and to simultaneously cool the rear of the modules.

Especially if it is an attic apartment in which the underside of the beams 3 , 3 a are provided with a wooden cladding, there is an essentially closed space between the wooden cladding, not shown, and the roof elements according to the invention, through which openings can be made to supply the fresh air and exhaust the warm air. This blower can of course also be used in summer, which means that only the modules or absorbers are cooled.

It has already been mentioned above that the mirror 4 d on the back, when the element is folded out, serves to additionally direct solar radiation from above onto the absorber or the module. It is therefore a top mirror in the sense of the known devices. A seasonal change in the angle β can also be provided here.

In general it can be said that this is somewhat cheaper for roof elements according to FIG. 1 than according to FIG. 2. But here too, with appropriate dimensioning and choice of a larger angle α, it is possible to bring the mirror 4 d into effect.

The design according to Fig. 2 shows the advantage that the win may be changed angle α here. This is beneficial, among other things, if the diffuse radiation is to be used optimally. Then an acute angle α is favorable.

In general, the invention shows according to the previously described Embodiments have the advantage that the roofs are complete, both South as well as east and west roofs, through the subject of the invention be covered and thus made usable for energy generation can, additional cover elements can be locked in completely.

The pivoting can be completely eliminated, as already mentioned. This will be particularly preferred if the Ab sorber waived in summer for the reasons mentioned and known can be.

Fig. 3 shows the schematic side view of a further embodiment form, but in which not the entire roof, as previously, must be provided with the roof element according to the Invention. Retrofitting is possible here if, for example, the absorber or the module 1 d above in FIG. 3 is already integrated on the roof in the roof or is mounted on the rafters 3 as a roof arrangement. Below you can see the mirror hinge 22 , behind which not visible here, the mirror hinge 27 is arranged, see Fig. 4. As a result, the mirror 4 e is pivotable by the adjustable supports 20 and 21 , of which only the telescopic support 20 is visible is attached to the pivot point 24 of the mirror 4 e on the outside left in FIG. 3.

Such telescopic supports are well known to those skilled in the art and must be half not be shown in detail. You will mostly be using gas operated. But there are numerous other embodiments for the Adjustment of roof windows and the like.

Among the mirror hinge 22 can be seen in FIG. 3, the window hinge 23 of the roof window 18. The roof window can be opened in a known manner and can also be used as a completely conventional roof window. It is shown in the Fig. 3 readily appreciate that 4 e can be up to a maximum angle α open the roof window in the position shown of the mirror. This is the lowest rest position in winter, when the telescopic supports 20, 21 are extended, the roof window 18 can be opened even further in summer.

With dash-dotted lines a preferred position of the telescopic supports 20, 21 is shown, in which the angle α1 between the module 1 d and the mirror 4 e is less than 90 °. This is because the diffuse radiation can be amplified particularly highly in this position. It is very likely that the distance between the mirror and the module is then for the most part much smaller than in the extended position with the angle α.

Fig. 4 shows the top view of the embodiment of FIG. 3. It can be seen that the two supports 20 and 21 are arranged on both sides next to the roof window 18 . They can therefore also be easily operated by hand through the open window hatch.

Can also refer to FIG. 4 in that the mirror projects beyond 4 e right and left the module 1 d, however, is of triangular design in this area, as is shown by the previously known prior art. The angle γ between the roof window 18 and the mirror 4 e is selected so that the mirror 4 e is approximately horizontal. This is the winter position. As is known, a smaller angle α is selected in the transition times, and also for the purpose of optimizing the diffuse radiation, that with the angle α1, as already mentioned. This can also be said that the mirror 4 e is arranged roof-like over the window 18 . Of course, this shows the advantage that in the winter the roof window 18 remains essentially free of snow, which is deposited on the mirror 4 e. This can then be brought down by the adjustment up to the angle α1. In addition, it is known that the snow at least amplifies the diffuse radiation.

If the roof pitch is as strong as shown here, then the snow would not stay on the roof window 18 anyway, but would slide off.

However, the invention is not based on the illustrated embodiments limited. Rather, this arrangement can be found in every roof window can be applied to any other Nei angle of the roof.

In a further embodiment, not shown in the drawing, the mirror 4 e and the roof window 18 are rigidly connected to one another by the then non-adjustable supports 20 and 21 . This shows the advantage of great simplicity. The opening of the roof window 18 then acts at the same time an adjustment of the angle α in the direction of the angle α1 upwards. Of course, this requires that the known supports for keeping the roof window 18 open are reinforced somewhat so that they can withstand the additional load.

Furthermore, it is preferred here to design the roof window 18 in a conventional manner with double windows in such a way that the outside and inside windows can be opened separately. This would make it possible to open the outer window in summer and thus adjust the angle α in the direction of the angle α1. Nevertheless, the roof apartment would only remain locked through the interior window, which is sufficient in summer. In winter, the extended position according to FIG. 3 must be set anyway for optimization. This is understandable to the person skilled in the art, without it being shown graphically, especially since such skylights belong to the prior art.

The invention is not restricted to the illustrated embodiments. Rather, the person skilled in the art has the possibility of further embodiments in To create the framework of the claims.  

Among other things, the invention can also be implemented if the window 18 should not be a skylight, but rather a completely vertically arranged window, so that the rafters 3 shown there would be the facade of a building. There are actually buildings that have an inclined facade 3 , so that the reference number 3 can also be viewed as a facade. Then module 1 d naturally forms a facade element. The mirror 4 e can, however, continue to be considered a "roof element" in the extended position. This then has the advantage that the mirror does not disturb the view from the window 18 . The supports 20, 21 then hardly disturb the view from the window.

Claims (15)

1. Roof element, which contains an absorber or a solar cell module, for rainproof fastening on a roof structure, characterized in that the absorber or the module ( 1, 1 a, 1 b) on its lower edge ( 2, 2 a, 2 b ) has a means ( 6, 15 ) for fastening the module on the roof beam ( 3 ) and that one or more mirrors ( 4 ) is / are arranged on the lower edge of the module at an angle (α) to the module. 2. Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (α) between the module or absorber ( 1 ) and the mirror ( 4, 4 a, 4 b) is 90-120 °. 3. Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening means for fastening to the roof beam as a hinge ( 6 ) is formed. 4. Roof element according to claim 2, characterized in that the end edge ( 8 ) of the mirror ( 4 ) with a top edge ( 5 ) of the module ( 1 ) overlapping, easily removable from the module sealing strip ( 7, 7 a, 7 b ) is provided. 5. Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that between the lower edge ( 2, 2 a, 2 b) of the module or absorber ( 1 ) and the adjacent end edge ( 9, 9 a, 9 b) an elastic sealing strip ( 10 ) is arranged is. 6. Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that for fastening supply of the absorber or module ( 1 ) with the mirror ( 4 ) an angle iron ( 11, 11 a, 11 b) is arranged. 7. Roof element according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one on the roof beam ( 3 ) adjustably attachable rod ( 12, 12 a, 12 b, 12 c) by means of a hinge ( 13, 13 a, 13 b) on the underside of Mirror ( 4, 4 a, 4 b, 4 c) is arranged. 8. Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that for fastening supply of the lower edge ( 2 b) on the roof beam ( 3 a) a rigid angle iron ( 15 ) is arranged, and that the mirror for fastening its upper end ( 9 b) has a hinge ( 14 ) on the roof beam. 9. Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that the mirrors ( 4, 4 a, 4 b, 4 c) are designed as a spy glass mirror. 10. Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that a pleated beam ( 16 ) is arranged between the absorber or module ( 1 c) and the mirror ( 4 c). 11. Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that on the underside of the mirror ( 4, 4 a, 4 c), an additional mirror ( 4 d) is arranged at an angle (β) to the mirror on the top ( 4 c) . 12. Roof element according to claim 11, characterized in that the angle (β) between the mirror on the top (c) and on the underside ( 4 d) is adjustable. 13. Roof element having an absorber or a solar cell module, characterized in that the absorber or the module ( 1 d) is arranged above a roof window ( 18 ) and that one or more mirrors ( 4 e) at an angle (γ) roof-like is or are arranged in front of the roof window. 14. Roof element according to claim 13, characterized in that on the lower edge ( 19 ) of the roof window ( 18 ) at least two supports ( 20, 21 ) are adjustable and a mirror hinge ( 22 ) over the window hinge ( 23 ) for separate attachment of the mirror opposite the window ( 18 ) is arranged. 15. Roof element according to claim 1 or 13, characterized in that the angle (α1) between the module ( 1 d) and the mirror ( 4 e) for amplifying the diffuse radiation is less than 90 °.