DE4206310A1 - Engine exhaust catalyst - made by moulding and cold hardening mixt. of catalyst and support materials - Google Patents

Engine exhaust catalyst - made by moulding and cold hardening mixt. of catalyst and support materials

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Publication number
DE4206310A1
DE4206310A1 DE4206310A DE4206310A DE4206310A1 DE 4206310 A1 DE4206310 A1 DE 4206310A1 DE 4206310 A DE4206310 A DE 4206310A DE 4206310 A DE4206310 A DE 4206310A DE 4206310 A1 DE4206310 A1 DE 4206310A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
catalyst
exhaust gas
catalytic converter
metals
converter according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE4206310A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Fritz Dr Sperling
Willi Jakobs
Reinhardt Schuster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sperling Friedrich Dr-Ing 56410 Montabaur De
Original Assignee
Sperling Friedrich Dr-Ing 56410 Montabaur De
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Publication date
Application filed by Sperling Friedrich Dr-Ing 56410 Montabaur De filed Critical Sperling Friedrich Dr-Ing 56410 Montabaur De
Priority to DE4206310A priority Critical patent/DE4206310A1/en
Priority to AU49428/93A priority patent/AU4942893A/en
Priority to PCT/DE1993/000796 priority patent/WO1995006520A1/en
Publication of DE4206310A1 publication Critical patent/DE4206310A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
    • B01J35/56—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

An engine exhaust catalyst has (i) a support based on a flowable cold-hardenable inorganic moulding material, consisting of an oxide mixt. contg. amorphous SiO2 and Al2O3, electrofilter ash from high temp. coal-fired power stations and/or calcined ground bauxite and an alkali metal silicate soln.; and combined with the support, a catalyst of precious metals or of oxides and sulphides of metals such as V, Mo, N, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Ti, Zr, Ce and/or rare earth metals. The support and catalyst materials are mixed together and moulded to form a catalyst body (2) which is then hardened at low temp. The supported catalyst can be mfd.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Abgaskatalysator nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention is based on an exhaust gas catalytic converter the genus of the main claim.

Gemäß einer bekannten Version besteht der Trägerkörper eines Abgaskatalysators aus anorganischem keramischen Material, welches im Strangpreßverfahren zu einem Wabenkörper mit parallel angeordneten Kanälen geformt ist oder er besteht gemäß einer anderen bekannten Version aus einem Metallwickel, der aus einer vorher gewählten Folie im Wickelverfahren hergestellt ist, und wobei aufgrund der Wellungen parallel zur Wickelachse verlaufende Kanäle entstehen, die wie die Kanäle im keramischen Wabenkörper von Abgas durchströmt werden. Die katalytische Wirkung, nämlich einerseits eine Reduzierung von im Abgas befindlichen Stickoxydverbindungen und einer Oxydierung von im Abgas befindlichen, noch unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen wird über ein katalytisch wirkendes Material, wie beispielsweise Platin, erreicht, das auf die vom Abgas beströmte Oberfläche der Kanäle des Trägerkörpers aufgebracht wird, indem vorher diese Oberfläche mit einem Washcoat, der insbesondere aus Al2O3 besteht, behandelt wird. Das Katalysatormaterial selbst wird entweder durch Dotieren oder Aufdampfen aufgebracht. Statt Edelmetallen, wie Platin, kann als Katalysatormaterial auch Vanadium, Molybdän, Wolfram, Kupfer, Nickel, Kobalt, Eisen, Titan, Zirkon oder Cer auf der Basis von Oxyden oder Sulfiden dienen oder auch seltene Erdmetalle sowie Mischungen aus diesen Metallen.According to a known version, the carrier body of an exhaust gas catalytic converter consists of inorganic ceramic material which is extruded into a honeycomb body with channels arranged in parallel, or according to another known version it consists of a metal coil which is produced from a previously selected film in the winding process, and where, due to the corrugations, channels are formed which run parallel to the winding axis and through which exhaust gas flows, like the channels in the ceramic honeycomb body. The catalytic effect, namely on the one hand a reduction of nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas and an oxidation of still unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas is achieved via a catalytically active material, such as platinum, which is applied to the surface of the channels of the carrier body which is flowed by the exhaust gas by previously treating this surface with a washcoat, which consists in particular of Al 2 O 3 . The catalyst material itself is applied either by doping or vapor deposition. Instead of noble metals, such as platinum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, zircon or cerium based on oxides or sulfides or also rare earth metals and mixtures of these metals can serve as catalyst material.

Die nachträgliche Beschichtung der gasumströmten Ober­ fläche des Trägerkörpers ist erforderlich, da die Kata­ lysatormaterialien die hohen Brenntemperaturen nicht vertragen, unter denen Keramikkörper gehärtet werden, und da die Folie des Wickelkatalysators eine wesentliche Formänderung während des Wickelns erfährt, die bei vorheriger Beschichtung zu einem Abplatzen des Katalysatorenmaterials führen könnte. Trotzdem ist die Haftung des Katalysatormaterials sehr unterschiedlich und in vielen Fällen ist bei der Anwendung an Brennkraftmaschinen von Kraftfahrzeugen schon nach verhältnismäßig geringer Betriebsdauer eine katalytische Wirkung nicht mehr feststellbar bzw. stark verringert. The subsequent coating of the gas-flowed upper Surface of the support body is required because the Kata lysator materials not the high firing temperatures tolerate under which ceramic bodies are hardened, and since the film of the wound catalyst is an essential one Undergoes change in shape during winding, which at previous coating to flake off the Could lead to catalyst material. Still it is Adhesion of the catalyst material varies widely and in many cases the application is on Internal combustion engines of motor vehicles already after relatively short service life a catalytic Effect no longer ascertainable or greatly reduced.  

Es ist auch ein Trägerkörper für Katalysatoren bekannt (DE-OS 36 24 934) dessen Material bei niedrigeren Temperaturen, nämlich < 550° aushärtet. Es handelt sich hierbei als Ausgangswerkstoff um eine fließfähige anorganische Formmasse aus einem Oxidgemisch, mit Gehalten von amorphem SiO2 und Al2O3 und/oder Elektrofilterasche aus Hochtemperatur-Steinkohlekraft­ werken und/oder kalziniertem, gemahlenen Bauxit und einer Alkalisilicatlösung, die nach der Formgebung bei niederen Temperaturen < 550°C aushärtet. Es ist außerdem bekannt (EP-02 03 284) bei einem solchen Trägermaterial Hohlkanäle durch Reaktion von Aluminiumstäben oder -drähten in der Alkalisilicatlösung unter gleichzeitiger Abscheidung von Aluminiumoxydhydrat zu bilden, indem bei einem Erhitzungsvorgang aus dem Aluminiumoxidhydrat δ -Aluminiumoxid entsteht, welches zur Verankerung und Fixierung des Katalysatormaterials dient. Trotz dieser Verbesserung handelt es sich, wenn nunmehr auch ohne Washcoat, um eine äußere Beschichtung der vom Abgas umströmten Flächen des Trägerkörpers mit Katalysatormaterial, so daß auch hier ein bleibender Verbund nicht garantiert werden kann.A support body for catalysts is also known (DE-OS 36 24 934) whose material cures at lower temperatures, namely <550 °. The starting material here is a flowable inorganic molding compound made from an oxide mixture, with contents of amorphous SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 and / or electrostatic precipitator from high-temperature hard coal power and / or calcined, ground bauxite and an alkali silicate solution, which are formed after molding cures at low temperatures <550 ° C. It is also known (EP-02 03 284) to form hollow channels in such a carrier material by reaction of aluminum rods or wires in the alkali silicate solution with simultaneous deposition of aluminum oxide hydrate, by producing δ-aluminum oxide in a heating process from the aluminum oxide hydrate, which forms for anchoring and Fixation of the catalyst material is used. Despite this improvement, it is now, even without a washcoat, an outer coating of the surfaces of the carrier body around which the exhaust gas flows, with catalyst material, so that a permanent bond cannot be guaranteed here either.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Der erfindungsgemäße Abgaskatalysator mit den kenn­ zeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegen­ über den Vorteil, daß ein sich Lösen des Katalysator­ materials vom Trägerkörper quasi nicht möglich ist. Da ohnehin die vom Abgas umströmten Flächen des Träger­ körpers zu Wandungen gehören, die äußerst dünn sind - schon allein um die gesamte Oberfläche des Katalysators möglichst groß zu halten - ist der Mehrverbrauch an Katalysatormaterial, welches in derartigen Wandungen gebunden ist und nicht vom Abgas umströmt ist, verhältnismäßig gering. Andererseits sind die Katalysatormaterialpartikel derart fest in den Trägerkörper eingebunden, daß ein Nachlassen der Katalysatorwirkung jedenfalls durch Verlust von Katalysatormaterial kaum mehr gegeben ist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, daß nahezu alle oben genannten Katalysatormaterialien für eine Mischung mit dem relativ kalt aushärtenden Trägermaterial geeignet sind. Die Herstellung des Katalysators kann nach den bekannten Herstellungsmethoden erfolgen, nämlich durch Strangpressen und Kaltaushärten (< 550°C).The exhaust gas catalyst according to the invention with the drawing features of the main claim has about the advantage that a dissolving of the catalyst materials from the carrier body is virtually impossible. There anyway, the surfaces of the carrier around which the exhaust gas flows  belong to walls that are extremely thin - if only around the entire surface of the catalyst keeping as large as possible - is the additional consumption Catalyst material, which in such walls is bound and the exhaust gas does not flow around it, relatively small. On the other hand, they are Catalyst material particles so tight in the Carrier body involved that a decrease in In any case, catalytic effect through loss of There is hardly any catalyst material left. Especially it is advantageous that almost all of the above Catalyst materials for a mixture with the relative cold-curing carrier material are suitable. The Production of the catalyst can according to the known Manufacturing methods take place, namely by Extrusion and cold curing (<550 ° C).

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Mischung aus Trägermaterial und Katalysator­ material zu der gewünschten Trägerkörperform aufge­ schäumt, so daß nach dem Aushärten ein offenporiger, vom Abgas durchströmbarer Schaumkörper vorhanden ist, dessen Wände aus einer Mischung von Trägermaterial und Katalysatormaterial bestehen. Der Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung liegt einerseits im günstiger Herstellenkönnen des Katalysatorkörpers und andererseits in einer stärkeren Durchwirbelung des Abgases innerhalb des Katalysatorkörpers und einer damit gegebenen stärkeren katalytischen Wirkung. Nicht zuletzt ist es möglich, direkt in eine später als Auspuffteil dienende Form hineinzuschäumen, um dadurch irgendwelche radialen Abdichtelemente einzusparen.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention becomes the mixture of support material and catalyst material to the desired carrier body shape foams, so that after curing an open-pored, from Exhaust gas flowable foam body is present, the Walls made of a mixture of carrier material and Catalyst material exist. The advantage of this Design is cheaper on the one hand Able to manufacture the catalyst body and on the other hand in a stronger swirling of the exhaust gas inside of the catalyst body and a given stronger catalytic effect. Last but not least possible, directly into a later serving as an exhaust part  Foam into the mold to create any radial Saving sealing elements.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können in die Mischung aus Trägermaterial und Katalysatormaterial bei oder nach der Formung des Katalysatorkörpers zusätzliche Elemente, wie beispielsweise eine Sauerstoffsonde oder irgendwelche Heizelemente, eingeführt werden. Hierbei ist besonders von Vorteil, wenn stromauf einer Sauerstoffsonde ein Heizelement vorgesehen ist, da zur Messung eine Mindesttemperatur des Abgases erforderlich ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the Invention can in the mixture of carrier material and Catalyst material during or after the formation of the Catalyst body additional elements, such as for example an oxygen probe or any Heating elements are introduced. Here is special beneficial when upstream of an oxygen probe Heating element is provided because a measurement Minimum temperature of the exhaust gas is required.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden mehrere Katalysatorkörper als Segmente, insbesondere mit Zwischenraum, in Strömungsrichtung in Reihe angeordnet, wobei die Segmente unterschiedliche Poren oder aber auch Kanäle aufweisen können. Erfindungsgemäß kann der Katalysatorkörper auch als Filterkörper dienen, beispielsweise für die Anwendung als Rußfilter bei Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the Invention are several catalyst bodies as segments, especially with space in the direction of flow in Row arranged, the segments being different Can have pores or channels. According to the invention, the catalyst body can also be used as Filter bodies are used, for example, for the application as a soot filter in diesel engines.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der aus der Mischung aus Trägermaterial und Katalysatormaterial bestehende Katalysatorkörper radial mit einem Mantel aus Trägermaterial versehen, welcher entweder zur Isolation zu einem Blechgehäuse hin oder selbst als Gehäuse dient. Ein solches Gehäuse kann in das Auspuffsystem der Brennkraftmaschine integriert sein. Durch Einmischen von Metallen oder anorganischen Fasern bzw. Verstärkungspulvern, wie Talkum und Glimmer, kann eine wesentliche Verbesserung der mechanischen Festigkeit dieses Mantels erzielt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the Invention is made from the mixture of carrier material and catalyst material existing catalyst body provided radially with a jacket made of carrier material, which either for isolation to a sheet metal housing or even serves as a housing. Such a housing can integrated into the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine be. By mixing in metals or inorganic  Fibers or reinforcing powders, such as talc and mica, can significantly improve mechanical Strength of this jacket can be achieved.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Ansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous configurations of the Invention are the following description, the Drawing and the claims can be removed.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und im folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the object of the invention is shown in the drawing and in more detail below described.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In einem Gehäuse 1 ist ein Katalysatorkörper 2 ange­ ordnet, der einerseits bei 6 als relativ feinporige, aber offenporig geschäumte Mischung aus einem Trägermaterial und einem Katalysatormaterial ausgebildet ist und andererseits als Wabenkörper 7 aus der gleichen Materialmischung oder einer ähnlichen Mischung. In diesen Katalysatorkörper ragt eine Heizwendel 3. Stromauf dieser Heizwendel ist ein Temperaturgeber 4 und stromab derselben eine Sauerstoffsonde 5 angeordnet, so daß die Heizwendel 3 immer dann in Betrieb ist, wenn der Temperaturgeber 4 zu geringe Temperatur mißt.In a housing 1 , a catalyst body 2 is arranged, which is formed on the one hand at 6 as a relatively fine-pored but open-pore foamed mixture of a carrier material and a catalyst material and on the other hand as a honeycomb body 7 made of the same material mixture or a similar mixture. A heating coil 3 projects into this catalyst body. A temperature sensor 4 is arranged upstream of this heating coil and an oxygen probe 5 is arranged downstream of it, so that the heating coil 3 is always in operation when the temperature sensor 4 measures too low a temperature.

Die Mischung des Werkstoffes des Katalysatorkörpers 2 besteht aus einem Trägermaterial, nämlich einer fließfähigen anorganischen Formmasse aus einem Oxidgemisch mit Gehalten von amorphen SiO2 und Al2O3 und/oder Elektrofilterasche aus Hochtemperatur-Steinkohlekraftwerken und/oder kalziniertem, gemahlenem Bauxit und einer Alkalisilicatlösung einerseits und aus Katalysatormaterialien, die entweder Edelmetalle sind oder Metalle auf der Basis von Oxiden und Sulfiden wie Vanadium, Molybdän, Wolfram, Kupfer, Nickel, Kobalt, Eisen, Titan, Zirkon oder Cer auf der Basis von Oxiden oder Sulfiden oder auch seltenen Erdmetallen sowie Mischungen aus diesen Metallen andererseits, die nach Formgebung relativ kalt aushärtbar ist. Das Katalysatormaterial kann unterschiedlicher Dotierung oder Inkorporierung sein. In jedem Fall kann das Gemisch in der oben genannten Art vor der Aushärtung entweder geschäumt, gesintert oder extrodiert in die gewünschte Form gebracht werden. Maßgebend ist, daß es von den Abgasen durchströmbar ist. Zwischen dem Katalysatorkörper 2 und dem Mantel 1 ist eine dünne geschlossenporige Isolierschicht 8 vorgesehen, wobei diese Isolierschicht 8 sowie der Mantel 1 wiederum aus der fließfähigen anorganischen Formmasse bestehen, grundsätzlich ähnlich wie jene des Trägermaterials. Der Mantel 1 ist zusätzlich armiert durch anorganische ein Gewebe bildende Fasern 9, durch Faserhexel 10 oder Verstärkungspulver 11 z. B. aus Talkum. Außerdem können Befestigungseinrichtungen, wie Schraubbuchsen 12 oder Bolzen 13 in das Material eingearbeitet sein. The mixture of the material of the catalyst body 2 consists of a carrier material, namely a flowable inorganic molding compound made of an oxide mixture with contents of amorphous SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 and / or electrostatic precipitator from high-temperature coal-fired power plants and / or calcined, ground bauxite and an alkali silicate solution on the one hand and from catalyst materials that are either precious metals or metals based on oxides and sulfides such as vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, zirconium or cerium based on oxides or sulfides or also rare earth metals and mixtures on the other hand, from these metals, which can be hardened relatively cold after shaping. The catalyst material can have different doping or incorporation. In any case, the mixture in the manner mentioned above can either be foamed, sintered or extruded into the desired shape before curing. The decisive factor is that the exhaust gases can flow through it. A thin, closed-pore insulating layer 8 is provided between the catalyst body 2 and the jacket 1 , this insulating layer 8 and the jacket 1 again consisting of the flowable inorganic molding compound, basically similar to that of the carrier material. The jacket 1 is additionally reinforced by inorganic fibers 9 forming fibers, by fiber hex 10 or reinforcing powder 11 z. B. from talc. In addition, fastening devices such as screw bushings 12 or bolts 13 can be incorporated into the material.

Alle in der Beschreibung, den nachfolgenden Ansprüchen und der Zeichnung dargestellten Merkmale können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination miteinander erfindungswesentlich sein.All in the description, the following claims and the features shown in the drawing can both individually as well as in any combination with each other be essential to the invention.

Claims (8)

1. Abgaskatalysator für Brennkraftmaschinen mit einem Trägerkörper auf der Werkstoffbasis einer fließfähigen und relativ kalt aushärtbaren anorganischen Formmasse aus einem Oxidgemisch mit Gehalten von amorphem SiO2 und Al2O3 und/oder Elektrofilterasche aus Hochtemperatursteinkohlekraftwerken und/oder kalziniertem gemahlenen Bauxit und einer Alkalisilicatlösung sowie einem mit diesem Trägerkörper verbundenen Katalysatormaterial aus Edelmetallen bzw. aus auf der Basis von Oxiden und Sulfiden aufgebauten Metallen wie Vanadium, Molybdän, Wolfram, Kupfer, Nickel, Kobalt, Eisen, Titan, Zirkon, Cer oder seltenen Erdmetallen sowie Mischungen aus diesen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor Ausformung des Katalysatorkörpers (2) das Trägermaterial und das Katalysatormaterial miteinander vermischt werden, um danach bei niederen Temperaturen auszuhärten.1.Exhaust gas catalytic converter for internal combustion engines with a carrier body based on the material of a flowable and relatively cold-curable inorganic molding compound made of an oxide mixture with contents of amorphous SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 and / or electrostatic precipitator ash from high-temperature coal-fired power plants and / or calcined ground bauxite and an alkali silicate solution and one with this support body connected catalyst material made of precious metals or of metals based on oxides and sulfides such as vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, zirconium, cerium or rare earth metals and mixtures of these, characterized in that that before the catalyst body ( 2 ) is formed, the support material and the catalyst material are mixed with one another in order then to harden at low temperatures. 2. Abgaskatalysator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß das Gemisch aus Trägermaterial und Katalysatormaterial vor der Aushärtung zu einem offenporigen Katalysatorkörper (6) aufgeschäumt wird.2. Exhaust gas catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of carrier material and catalyst material is foamed to an open-pore catalyst body ( 6 ) before curing. 3. Abgaskatalysator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Steuerelemente, wie Heizkörper (3), Gebersonden (4, 5) usw. vor dem Aushärten in den Katalysatorkörper (2) eingeformt werden.3. Exhaust gas catalytic converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that control elements, such as radiators ( 3 ), sensor probes ( 4 , 5 ) etc. are molded into the catalyst body ( 2 ) before curing. 4. Abgaskatalysator nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem Abgassystem mehrere Katalysatorkörper (6, 7) unterschiedlicher Struktur in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind.4. Exhaust gas catalytic converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of catalyst bodies ( 6 , 7 ) of different structure are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction in an exhaust system. 5. Abgaskatalysator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Katalysatorkörper (2) zusätzlich als Rußfilter dient.5. Exhaust gas catalyst according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 2 ) additionally serves as a soot filter. 6. Abgaskatalysator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Katalysatorkörper (2) einen Mantel (1) aus der genannten anorganischen Formmasse aufweist. 6. Exhaust gas catalytic converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 2 ) has a jacket ( 1 ) made of said inorganic molding compound. 7. Abgaskatalysator nach dem vorherigen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Katalysatorkörper (2) und Mantel (1) eine dünne geschlossenporige Isolierschicht (8) aus der genannten anorganischen Formmasse vorhanden ist.7. Exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the preceding claim, characterized in that between the catalyst body ( 2 ) and jacket ( 1 ) there is a thin closed-pore insulating layer ( 8 ) made of said inorganic molding compound. 8. Abgaskatalysator nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die anorganische Formmasse des Mantels (1) durch Fasern (10) oder Zusätzen armiert ist.8. Catalytic converter according to claim 6, characterized in that the inorganic molding compound of the jacket ( 1 ) is reinforced by fibers ( 10 ) or additives.
DE4206310A 1992-02-28 1992-02-28 Engine exhaust catalyst - made by moulding and cold hardening mixt. of catalyst and support materials Withdrawn DE4206310A1 (en)

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DE4206310A DE4206310A1 (en) 1992-02-28 1992-02-28 Engine exhaust catalyst - made by moulding and cold hardening mixt. of catalyst and support materials
AU49428/93A AU4942893A (en) 1992-02-28 1993-09-02 Exhaust gas catalyst for internal combustion engines
PCT/DE1993/000796 WO1995006520A1 (en) 1992-02-28 1993-09-02 Exhaust gas catalyst for internal combustion engines

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DE4206310A DE4206310A1 (en) 1992-02-28 1992-02-28 Engine exhaust catalyst - made by moulding and cold hardening mixt. of catalyst and support materials
PCT/DE1993/000796 WO1995006520A1 (en) 1992-02-28 1993-09-02 Exhaust gas catalyst for internal combustion engines

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WO1996006269A1 (en) * 1994-08-23 1996-02-29 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Exhaust-gas system for an internal-combustion engine
EP0712660A1 (en) * 1993-07-29 1996-05-22 Hongxing Zhou Bifunctional catalyst containing multimetal oxides
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Also Published As

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AU4942893A (en) 1995-03-22
WO1995006520A1 (en) 1995-03-09

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