DE4126340C1 - Cold supply for underground work air conditioning - uses secondary flow division into two partial flows after passing through work-point refrigeration sets - Google Patents

Abstract

The refrigerating system for the prodn. faces generates cold above ground. The cold is led down the shaft by primary flow (5) and then heated by the secondary flow, supplying the face air conditioning plant prior to return to surface for the refrigerating cycle, using refrigerators with an evaporator (19) and condenser (18) for transfer between primary and secondary flows. After passing through the face air conditioners, the secondary flow is divided into two subflows, with one (22) absorbing the condenser heat and then locked out into the pressure system in exchange for the primary flow, followed by return to surface. The other subflow (20) is cooled in the evaporators, mixed with the expanded primary flow water and pumped with it to the face plant. USE/ADVANTAGE - For underground mines, with improved utilisation over wide temp. range.

Description

The invention relates to a method for supply of underground companies with the for air conditioning measure took the cold needed especially in the mining operations power that generates above ground and via a primary stream brought through the shaft to underground and there via the supplying the cooling units of the operating points Secondary electricity warmed and again for cooling after surface is returned, being used to transfer from primary to Secondary flow refrigeration systems with evaporator and condenser be used. The invention also relates to a Refrigeration system with surface and underground and above the primary flow connected refrigeration system parts, with wet air precooler and cold in the primary flow above ground plants and also underground and at the same time also in the Secondary flow refrigeration systems and a pressure swing unit are involved.

With the increase of the middle extraction level and the increased operating point funding is inevitably one Increase in the mean mountain temperature and also the elec installed power. So that's the Forced to take climate-related measures. The one for this The required cooling capacity is being increased to an increasing extent Central refrigeration systems, mainly through so-called combined systems generated. Such combined systems have above-ground refrigeration units and underground Refrigeration units with a primary circuit or Primary circuit line are connected. Is located above ground a wet air precooler and one or more refrigeration systems and underground a high pressure / low pressure heat exchanger and also refrigeration systems. These underground parts of the plant with high pressure condensers transfer their cooling capacity on a coolant, especially water in the secondary circuit, via which the cooling units in the operation to be cooled points are supplied. The primary and secondary circuit  run are closed cycles that are only in the area the underground parts of the plant have indirect contact with have each other.

In the known method, the coolant is Primary circuit, preferably water in the surface part of the system cooled to + 3 ° C and then via the shaft line Brought underground and the underground high pressure / low pressure-- Heat exchanger on the high pressure side with approx. 160 bar added leads. The high pressure / low pressure heat exchanger is on the Low pressure side through the back from the mining operations coming heated secondary current is applied. A part the heat of the secondary current is by convection and Transfer the line to the primary current. The primary current he it warms up to approx. 19 ° C, the one with this temperature then the condensers of the underground refrigeration systems is supplied to the condensates resulting from the cooling process station heat and take it via the manhole return to transport the line to the surface. The temperature in the manhole return line is approx. 32.6 ° C. Since the Primary electricity is under high static pressure, the condensers of the refrigeration systems as water High-pressure tank. These high pressure condensers sators represent a not inconsiderable investment In the state of the art, the primary current becomes above ground guided over a wet air cooling system where the refrigerant the heat of condensation absorbed during the day is removed and drawn to the atmosphere via a continuous air flow leads. In the above-ground refrigeration systems, the primary then then to its flow temperature of approx. Cooled to 3 ° C. The high pressure / low pressure heat Secondary current leaving the exchanger flows through the ver steamer of the refrigeration systems and can be reduced to approx. 3 ° C in total to be cooled, then as the coolant Delivered to consumers in the longwall area and elsewhere to become. Through the bivalent use of the primary current  (in advance cold run cold transport to underground; in Return heat transfer to surface) results in a large temperature difference between flow and return in Height 30 to 32 ° C. This allows the mass flow in the primary cycle can be kept comparatively low. In the secondary circle these high temperature differences are not too achieve (approx. 18 ° C), so that due to process technology, Secondary and primary currents must be of different sizes. A disadvantage is the cost-intensive use of the high pressure / low pressure heat exchanger with its unun constant transmission of the cooling capacity as well as an unfavorable Total utilization of the installed refrigeration units velvet.

The invention is therefore based on the object To create procedures and a system with which at Erhal a high temperature spread while simplifying the Better utilization can be achieved.

In terms of the method, the object is achieved according to the invention solved that the secondary current after passing through the cooling aggregates of the operating points divided into two partial flows one of which absorbs the condenser heat and then in exchange for primary flow in the high pressure system is brought in and brought to the surface during the other partial flow in the evaporators cooled and with the Relaxed water from the high pressure system Primary flow together to the cooling units of the plant points is pumped.

First of all, the present invention enables a significantly improved utilization of the installed Performance because there are no separate circuits because the primary current coming from the surface after relieving pressure, supplemented the part of the secondary flow, the exchange after appropriate warming up after surface  is pumped. The other sub-stream is in the existing one Refrigeration systems cooled so far that a total of 3 ° C cooled coolant via the secondary circuit moving towards consumers. With this the unun constant transmission of the cooling capacity through the high pressure - / - Low pressure heat exchanger by convection and conduction ver to be waived. There is practically no tempera loss of door without it in the exchange unit in the transitional area Low primary / secondary current to overlap pressure / high pressure system is coming. Rather, between the Medium in the low pressure and the one in the high pressure system maintains clear separation, so that it is also possible with a higher return temperature, which leads to better performance of the above-ground coolers generating plants.

After an expedient training of the invention provided that the secondary current to approx. 40% through the underground evaporator and run to approx. 3 ° C through simultaneous heating of the approx. 60% of the secondary current and partial current flowing through the capacitors of approx. 21 ° C to approx. Chilled 35 ° C and with the relaxed Water is pumped from the primary stream on site. With that lies the size of the primary current fixed, the 60% of the secondary current is. This poses a very favorable burden of the underground refrigeration systems, which are correspondingly cheap can be interpreted. The relatively low volume flows in the underground refrigeration systems contribute to a reduction the flow resistance and thus to a reduction of energy costs.

When using appropriate units and here a three-chamber pipe feeder is schil above Exchange between primary current and partial current of the Secondary electricity possible in the underground area, whereby now the correspondingly heated partial flow of the secondary flow after  Is brought above ground. It is advantageous if the the sub-current leaving the underground capacitors sub days with the help of the upcoming pressure column of the Primary current and a supporting pump the surface Refrigeration systems fed and there to a 2.5 ° C Primary current is cooled. The primary flow in volume corresponding heated partial flow of the secondary flow is thus exchanged, the resulting Reibverver losses can be compensated for by the pump that is due the low losses means a correspondingly low output can have. The rest of the funding process is carried out by the Exchange of primary current and heated partial current of the Secondary current causes.

A cold generator is used to carry out the method supply system, in which the pressure swing unit as a three-chamber tube feeder is formed, the first partial flow of the warm secondary current against the cold primary current is designed to be interchangeable and above ground and that the condensers of the underground refrigeration systems from first partial flow and the evaporators from the second partial flow of the warm secondary current. The three chamber Pipe feeder is not heat in the process engineering sense exchanger, but a sluice, with the help of which the water from the low pressure to the high pressure system and vice versa can be initiated without compromising the continuity of the Interrupt flow. There is such a three Chamber tube feeder able to move between the water in the Low pressure and a clear one in the high pressure system To keep separation. This is the three-chamber tube feeder especially for use in such combined coolers generating plants to use advantageously. Three-chamber pipe In principle, donors are from DBP 15 56 735, 17 56 591 and 24 57 943 known. These well-known tube feeders have piping used as pipe chambers, which are laid horizontally. In doing so, the DC principle  applied depending on the design. With the direct current principle the chambers are filled with cloudy from the same side and then pressurized with high pressure water. At the In contrast, the countercurrent principle is applied with High pressure water on the opposite side of the filling side Side of the system. These three-chamber tube feeders are before used mainly for coal and mining transport, whereby they turbidity promotion of 96% compared to only 65% with two-chamber tube feeders.

After appropriate training of the invention The three-chamber tube feeder is a refrigeration system especially friction losses in the underground cooling systems balancing pump downstream and in the manhole return line arranged. With this pump it is possible to Connection with the three-chamber tube feeder the necessary Lots of heated water to lift them in to surface to cool the above-ground refrigeration systems again and then to bring back underground. Since the pump is only friction ver must compensate for losses, they can be designed accordingly small will.

Around the secondary current as provided for by the procedure It is planned to be able to divide up the correct quantities, that a flow divider is arranged in the warm secondary stream which divides the secondary current in a 60:40 ratio is trained. The flow divider can be adjusted be, so that this relationship is also within certain limits can be regulated up and down, whichever Conditions are given and must be taken into account. The on division of the secondary current and thus the resulting lower load on the underground cooling systems not only to design advantages, but also through lower pump energy and thus lower energy costs noticeable.  

It is particularly advantageous that the underground cold plants are equipped with low pressure capacitors, what is possible because the capacitors of the underground cold plants no longer by the primary current, but only by the split secondary flow in the normal pressure range are struck. The capacitors are cost accordingly cheaper and easier to set up. Besides, is only one of the units used in the underground area due to the high pressure coming from above ground Water is applied, while in the prior art entire refrigeration systems underground accordingly had to be prepared.

The cheapest possible temperature spread and thus a favorable return temperature can also be achieved if several refrigeration systems, preferably two underground are connected, which when the first is heated Partial flow in the condenser from 21 ° to 28.3 ° and 34.9 ° C cooling the second partial flow from 21 ° to 11.3 ° and 3 ° C are set. This will make the above-ground Refrigeration systems and especially the wet air cooling system a water with an increased temperature namely to almost 35 ° C Temperature supplied so that the wet air precooler corresponds can be better exploited.

The invention is characterized in particular by that temperature losses in the three-chamber tube feeder used practically do not occur. Another advantage is that the high Temperature spread in the primary circuit remains fully intact. The invention improves the operation of the refrigeration supply system in such a way that by avoiding the high Temperature losses an increased primary return temperature and thus a further reduction in the primary current is enough. This is a reduction in pump energy connected. Due to the increased primary return temperature the performance of the wet air pre-cooler becomes above ground  improved. Here, increased performance can cost operating costs can be dissipated to the atmosphere cheaply. The following switched refrigeration systems are relieved. This is one significant reduction in operating costs above ground all connected by reducing energy costs. The under day refrigeration equipment is on the evaporator as well only low pressure water is supplied to the condenser side leads. This eliminates the need for high pressure condensers needed. The acquisition costs decrease. By the reduction of the volume flows in the Evaporators and condensers underground and also through the Elimination of the high pressure / low pressure heat exchanger reduced the flow resistance to a very large extent. That makes noticeable in significant energy cost savings bar.

Further details and advantages of the invention standes from the following description the associated drawing, in which a preferred embodiment Example with the necessary details and Items is shown. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a diagram of the refrigeration system with surface and underground parts of the system.

Fig. 2 circuit diagram of a three-chamber tube feeder.

Fig. 1 shows the distribution of the plant parts for the above-ground and below-ground area, the separating cut is indicated approximately in the middle and illustrated with arrows. The refrigeration system ( 1 ) initially has, as usual, the wet air precooler ( 2 ) arranged above, to which the water flowing in from the underground at 34.5 ° C is fed. In the wet air precooler ( 2 ) the approximately 310 m ³ / h is cooled to approx. 21 ° C. This 21 ° C water is then fed to the refrigeration system ( 3 ). This water flows through the evaporator ( 8 ) of the refrigeration system ( 3 ), where it is cooled to 13.7 ° C. Then it passes the evaporator ( 8 ) of the refrigeration system ( 4 ) to be cooled to 7.4 ° C and the evaporator ( 8 ) of the refrigeration system ( 6 ) to be fed to the final temperature of 2.5 ° C to be brought. This primary current ( 5 ) is then conducted via the shaft line ( 11 ) underground.

The refrigeration systems ( 3 , 4 and 6 ) have capacitors ( 7 ) in which a refrigerant is warmed up from 21 ° to 32 ° C and fed to the recooler ( 9 ). This circuit is maintained via the pump ( 10 ).

The water to be cooled is fed to the wet air precooler ( 2 ) and the refrigeration systems ( 3 , 4 , 6 ) via the shaft line ( 12 ) in which the pump ( 13 ) is installed in order to raise this warm "primary flow", the main effort is caused by the three-chamber tube feeder ( 15 ) underground.

This three-chamber tube feeder is charged with the primary stream ( 5 ), the water at 2.5 ° C. being present at about 160 bar on the high pressure side. In the three-chamber tube feeder, the primary flow ( 5 ) is expanded accordingly and exchanged for a part of the secondary flow, which is led above ground accordingly. The water leaving the three-chamber tube feeder ( 15 ) at ( 14 ) (outlet slide) is then mixed with the remaining part of the secondary stream, which has been cooled in the refrigeration systems ( 16 , 17 ), and supplied to the consumers ( 26 ). The underground cooling systems ( 16 , 17 ) have condenser ( 18 ) and Ver evaporator ( 19 ).

After heating of the secondary current (20) in the region of the consumers (26) of the secondary current (20) is further conveyed via the pump (21) and into a partial flow (22 and 23) divided by the flow divider (24) in the ratio 60: 40.

The partial flow ( 23 ) passes the evaporators ( 19 ) of the refrigeration systems ( 16 and 17 ) and is cooled from 21 ° to 11.3 ° and 3 ° C. The correspondingly cooled partial flow ( 23 ) is then, as already mentioned, mixed with the corresponding part of the primary flow ( 5 ) that has left the three-chamber tube feeder ( 15 ) and fed back to the consumer ( 26 ) as a 100% quantity flow.

The first partial flow ( 22 ) is fed behind the flow divider ( 24 ) to the capacitors ( 18 ), which are designed here as low-pressure condensers ( 25 ), and heated from 21 ° to 28.3 ° and finally 34.9 ° C. This warmed up partial stream ( 22 ) then passes into the three-chamber pipe generator ( 15 ), where it is tensioned accordingly and brought to the surface.

The Dreikammerrohraufgeber (15) side to the high pressure (29) acted upon by the coming of uphole primary stream (5), during the warm part stream (22) passes is on the high pressure side (30) in the Dreikammerrohraufgeber (15). Correspondingly, the heated partial flow ( 22 ) passes through the low-pressure side ( 27 ) into the three-chamber pipe feeder and the cold primary flow ( 5 ) leaves the three-chamber pipe feeder ( 15 ) on the low-pressure side ( 28 ).

All mentioned features, including those of the drawings alone to be extracted, alone and in combination, as invented considered essential.

Fig. 2 shows a three-chamber tube feeder, which is connected according to Fig. 1 between the above-ground refrigeration systems and the underground refrigeration systems. It consists of the three tube chambers ( 32 , 38 and 39 ). These tube chambers ( 32 , 38 and 39 ) are successively acted upon by the primary stream ( 5 ) or the shaft line ( 11 ) with high pressure cold water or the secondary stream ( 20 ') with low pressure hot water. A quasi-continuous current is achieved by this alternating circuit.

The principle of the three-chamber tube feeder is based on one chamber explained in more detail.

To fill with low-pressure hot water from the secondary stream ( 20 '), the slide ( 35 and 36 ) are first opened. The inflowing hot water displaces the low-pressure cold water that previously stood in this tube chamber ( 32 ) into the secondary stream or the corresponding line ( 20 ). The filling process ends when the warm water has reached the apex ( 40 ). Then the two slides ( 35 and 36 ) close. The tube chamber ( 32 ) is loaded. Now the slide valves ( 33 and 34 ) open and high-pressure cold water flows from the shaft line ( 11 ) via the slide valve ( 33 ) into the tube chamber ( 32 ), the low-pressure hot water contained therein simultaneously being high-pressure hot water in the shaft line ( 12 ) is pressed in until the cold water front has reached the apex ( 40 ′) =. Now the slides ( 33 and 34 ) are closed again and the chamber is relieved. For this purpose, the relief slide ( 37 ) is provided.

The slide valves ( 35 and 36 ) then open again and the low-pressure hot water flows into the tube chamber ( 32 ) until the hot water front has reached the apex ( 40 ) again. Then the process described runs again.

It also applies to the features mentioned here that they viewed alone and in combination as essential to the invention will.

Claims (9)

1.Procedure for supplying underground operations with the cooling capacity required for air-conditioning measures, particularly those that are mined, which are generated above ground and brought to the underground via a primary flow through the shaft and heated there via the secondary flow supplying the cooling units to the operating points and back to the process Cooling is brought back to the surface, whereby refrigeration systems with evaporators and condensers are used for the transfer from primary to secondary flow, characterized in that the secondary flow after passing through the cooling units of the operating points is divided into two partial flows, one of which absorbs the condenser heat and then in exchange to the primary flow into the high pressure system and brought to the surface, while the other partial flow is cooled in the evaporators and together with the relaxed water from the primary flow coming from the high pressure system to the cooling aggregates of the operating points is pumped. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that around 40% of the secondary electricity comes from the underground Evaporator led and to around 3 ° C by simultaneous Heating of around 60% of the secondary current and the partial current flowing through the capacitors of around Cooled 21 ° C to around 35 ° C and with the relaxed water is pumped from the primary stream on site. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the partial flow leaving the underground capacitors Underground with the help of the upcoming pressure column of the primary current and a supporting pump refrigeration system parts supplied and there on one  2.5 ° C primary current is cooled. 4.Cooling system with above-ground and underground and refrigeration units connected to one another via the primary stream, wherein in the primary stream above ground wet air coolers and refrigeration systems and additionally underground and at the same time also in the secondary stream refrigeration systems and a pressure change unit are integrated to carry out the method according to claim 1 , Claim 2 and Claim 3, characterized in that the pressure change unit is designed as a three-chamber tube feeder ( 15 ) which is designed to exchange a first partial flow ( 22 ) of the warm secondary flow ( 20 ) for the cold primary flow ( 5 ) and to promote it above ground, and that the condensers ( 18 ) of the underground cooling systems ( 16 , 17 ) are flowed through by the first partial flow ( 22 ) and the evaporators ( 19 ) by the second partial flow ( 23 ) of the warm secondary flow ( 20 ). 5. A refrigeration system according to claim 4, characterized in that the three-chamber tube feeder ( 15 ) a friction losses in the underground refrigeration systems ( 16 , 17 ) compensating pump ( 13 ) downstream and in the shaft return line ( 12 ) is arranged. 6. Refrigeration plant according to claim 4, characterized in that in the warm secondary flow ( 20 ) a flow divider ( 24 ) is arranged, which is designed to divide the secondary flow in a ratio of 60:40. 7. refrigeration system according to claim 6, characterized in that the flow divider ( 24 ) is adjustable. 8. refrigeration system according to claim 4, characterized in that the underground refrigeration systems ( 16 , 17 ) are equipped with low-pressure condensers ( 25 ). 9. Refrigeration system according to claim 4, characterized in that a plurality of refrigeration systems ( 16 , 17 ), preferably two days are connected in series, which when the first partial flow ( 22 ) and condenser ( 18 ) are heated from 21 ° to 28.3 ° and 34.9 ° C, cooling the second partial stream ( 23 ) from 21 ° to 11.3 ° and 3 ° C is effected.