DE403834C - Procedure for renewal of the lifting gas - Google Patents

Description

Procedure for renewal of the lifting gas. For this application, the union contract, according to June 2, the priority IgII due to the registrations in France of 3 October 1C) 22 i for the claims 2, 3, .4, 7 and 8 and 5. from 1 December 1922 for claims;, 6, g and io. The invention relates to a method for renewing or regenerating the carrier gas of aircraft, airships, balloons or the like, which consists of hydrogen, helium, etc., when the same has partially lost its propulsive power due to the entry of air into the interior of the envelope.

General cleaning processes for gases have already become known, which consist in the fact that the gas present in a container, e.g. B. hydrogen gas, into a purifier to cleanse it of harmful impurities. The cleaning apparatus is either made up of devices that contain chemicals contain, which are adapted to the nature of the impurities to be removed are, or devices based on physical principles, e.g. B. on the'liquefaction of the impurities, or their absorption by cooled porous Fabrics. In the known forms of application of this method, this leaves in one Contaminated gas in this container: finally, to be passed through the cleaner, ni.ger to go through and then; to enter another container where it is collected or used after cleaning. So if you have this method of cleaning the gas of an ascending capacity or a supporting structure, such as. B. one If you wanted to use balloons, etc., this would require, on the one hand, the balloon emptied and on the other hand the purified gas in an auxiliary container Saves size.

Dembgegenül: it enables the method according to the invention, namely - as a result of a closed cycle of the gas to clean the gas in a container, without first having to change the volume or pressure of this container and consequently without making a partial evacuation necessary, since the Loss as a result of the elimination of the impurities, as appropriate by a corresponding one Supply of pure gas can be balanced.

The method according to the invention, which has the purpose of .in one To regenerate light gas contained in a balloon or other closed space, is characterized in that the gas of this container or space through a Circling cleaner and introducing it back into the interior of the room, with the Gas runs through a closed path and expediently from the lower part -des The room is removed and returned to the upper part of the same. Other characteristics of the invention arise from the following description uiid the demands.

The drawing illustrates in Fig. 1 to 4 and 6 to 9 schematically various systems that enable the process to be carried out.

Fig. 5 shows schematically the construction of a purifier, which the liquefaction the harmful gases that you want to eliminate from the gas to be cleaned.

Fig. I shows schematically the circulation of the gas in an airship with a single capacity. Here is i (read airship and 2 a cleaner either Type. According to the invention, the impure gas from the airship is at: the place 3: taken, which lies in the lower part, then passes through the line .4, traversed the cleaner 2 and returns through line 5 gei 6 in the upper part of the interior Capacity of the airship back.

Fig. 2 shows schematically a type of circulation for the gas in a Airship with four ballonets 11, 12, 13, 1.4. The impure gas is in, the lower Part of the ballonet i i withdrawn through the line 4, crosses the cleaning apparatus 2 and is after cleaning: through line 5 in the upper part of the ballonet i-. returned. The upper parts of the ballonets i i, 12, 13 are finite lower parts of the ballonets 12, 13, 14 connected by lines 7, 8, 9, uni to allow continued circulation of the gas. It is clear (iaß der Cleaner in your closed circuit is not only switched on in the above-mentioned position but in some space between two consecutive ones Ballonets, in which case inan (.tann (read the last ballonet connects with your first.

A.bb. 3 shows a double symmetrical type of circulation in one Airship with six ballonets 15, 1 (@, 17, 18, 19, 20. The impure gas becomes glacial from the two middle ballonets 17, 18, in their lower part through the line 21, removed, and the gas, much in the purifier 2 has been cleaned is, is simultaneously through the lines 22, 23 in the two outer ballonets 15 and 20, un (1 in their upper part, promoted. The upper parts of the ballonets 16, 17, 18 and i9 stand through the lines 2.4, 25, = 4 ', 25' with the lower parts of the ballonets 15, 16, i g, 2o in connection, thereby completing the circulation will. This arrangement has the advantage that the balloon is perfectly balanced is granted in the longitudinal direction.

A.bh.4 shows schematically one of the previous analogous arrangements, finite with the exception that the single cleaner replaces 2 with two cleaners -, and 2 ' is such that the gas circuits of the ballonets 15, 16, 17 on the one hand and 18, i g, 2o on the other hand are independent of one another. You can become a producer with the plant for light gas (hydrogen or the like) or connect a gasometer to the serves to deliver the necessary gas allowance, uni the foreign, from, the balloon or similar. to replace discharged gas. This grant can also be obtained easily, through T-lrir Some polluted gas can be formed as it passes through the cleaner could be cleaned. You can z. B. Mixtures of hydrogen and nitrogen from the gas in the water after the carbon dioxide has been precipitated.

It is clear that, in spite of the care taken when removing impure, i.e. heavy, gas from the lower parts and conveying the purified, i.e. light gas into the upper parts, the mixing of purified and impure gas cannot be prevented. Contrary to all appearances, this disadvantage is of little value. In fact, in the most favorable case, i.e. in the case of an airship with a single capacity and if it is assumed that the cleaned gas spreads instantaneously in the total capacity of the airship, the calculation shows that after an amount of gas corresponding to this total capacity has been passed through the purifier has circulated, a ratio of inaccuracies will be eliminated - it will be equal to 63 percent (where e is the basis of Napier's line) of that which would have been eliminated if one had been able to avoid any mixing of purified and unpurified gas. After a second circulation, this value increases to 86.3 percent In an airship with several ballonets, where the diffusion or spreading from one ballonet to the other is prevented by the rapid circulation of the gas in the connecting lines, the extension of the preceding calculation shows that the ratio of the excreted impurities after a complete cycle of the body the closer it approaches its maximum value that can be eliminated as the number of ballonets increases. With five ballonets, after one complete cycle of the total amount, 88 percent of your waste is eliminated, which would have been eliminated if impure gas had not been mixed with purified gas.

This value comes close to 99 percent if circulation continues until the amount that has passed through the illustrated cleaner is one and a half times of the total fatigue of the ballonet.

You can also switch on two auxiliary tanks in the cleaning cycle, which contain light, pure or pure gas. 'You have one more or less like that important: amount of auxiliary gas available that makes it possible in the various Moments the purification of the impure gas (passage of the impure gas through the cleaner) and regeneration (introduction of the pure gas into the balloon, etc.) like -) to cause. The advantage of this new way of working is that nian is not forced to put the gas in your balloon and in the purification equipment at the same time to circulate. One can use one for the regeneration of the light gas Airship considerably reduce the downtime of the same.

Fig. 6 shows a system that is suitable for carrying out this process is. It contains two containers or groups of containers 30, 31 that are on both Sides of the cleaning assemblies 2 and 3 are provided and a variable Pressure (tubes with compressed gas) or a variable volume (gasometer) can have. Valves or taps 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, which are indicated schematically in the drawing allow the gases to circulate as needed.

The arrangement according to Fig. 7 differs from that according to Fig. 6 simply by having the containers or groups of containers 30, 31 in the circle that gases are arranged one behind the other or in series instead of in branches like this is the case according to Fig. 6.

In each of the arrangements described, fans, compressors or expansion valves can be switched on, which serve to either generate or moderate the circulation movement of the gases or to ring the gases under suitable pressures necessary for their entry or their accumulation in the containers 30, 31 are suitable. These fans or ventilators can be of any known type. These, as well as their location, depend on the type of container and piping that is being arranged. It will be noted, however, that in the event that the impure gas coming out of your balloon were to be stored in the container 30 under a pressure sufficiently great to be achieved by an "in-line compressor", it would be possible to to partially or completely omit the compressors in the cleaning assemblies.

The operation of the system shown in Fig. 6 can be according to two regulated in different ways.

In the first type, the procedure is as follows: At the beginning, the container 3 i contains light, pure gas that has been prepared beforehand. The container 30 is empty or at least in a state to accommodate an amount of gas which is the same as that contained in the container 3 i, where ev t1. different pressures into account. All valves are closed. 1lan then opens the valves 32, 3d, 35, 37 and puts the cleaning arrangements 2 into operation. Then inan sets up an auxiliary circulation in the circulation generated in this way in (lern holding space i), the valves 33 and 36 being opened in such a way that the gas from the container 3 i enters the container 30 , while crossing the balloon i If the regeneration of the gas in the balloon is sufficient, the valves 32 and 37 are closed, whereupon the balloon can be put into service from this moment on. Meanwhile, a quantity of impure light gas remains in the container 30, "-elches may be equal to the amount of pure gas, initially in the container 3 was contained r, has been if the latter completely used. One must then leave the cleaner 2 act on, such that the contents of the container 30 after cleaning to its initial container 31 The original reserve of pure gas is thus restored in the container 31, naturally with the losses achieved during the treatment.

NIan can proceed as follows: ZVenn the one present in the container 31 The reserve of pure gas is sufficient, one becomes the gas of the balloon or of another Regenerate the capacity i by first putting only this into your gas balloon Can circulate coming from the container 31 gas and emptied that which exits your balloon into the container 3o.

During this process, the valves 34, 35 are closed and the other valves open. The cleaner is switched off. When this operation is completed, the valves 32 and 37 are closed, thus switching off the balloon and opening it the valves 3q., 35 and lets the impure gas from your container 5o into the container 31, letting it go through the cleaner. The gas circuit is still a closed one, but in terms of time you have the cleaning part this circulation completely relocated with regard to the regeneration of the balloon gas.

The mode of operation of the arrangement according to FIG. 7 is the same as that according to FIG. 6, and both procedures are carried out here, according to which the valves 3d. ' and 35 'at the same time that valves 32' and 37 'will or will not be open. It is assumed here that the cleaner is activated at the moment, ivo one opens the valves 3: f and 3 5.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. Ss, emptying takes place of the impure gas from the balloon i no longer through a single tube, but through two pipes d, .I ', which are in communication with each other. The number of pipes .I, 4 ', like that of the tubes 5, can be any arbitrary.

The elimination of the impurities that weigh down the light gas, can be carried out physically or mechanically. One can special cause the liquefaction of the impurities (in particular air) in that the gas to be cleaned is brought to the temperature of liquid air or liquid Nitrogen cools. The gas is previously compressed with high pressure and under pressure freed from the traces of uncondensed water vapor and carbonic acid, and by means of suitable absorbents (, baking soda, soda, lime, etc.).

To a large consumption of liquid air or liquid nitrogen To avoid this, it is directed towards cold recovery by means of a temperature exchanger one in which on the one hand (read cold, purified gas and on the other hand the gas to be cooled impure gas circulates. The pressure to which you compress the gas to be cleaned must is increased all the more as the purity itself is obtained want. Fig. 5 shows a system that enables this cleaning method to be used.

The gas to be cleaned enters the cleaner through the pipe .4 (Alzb. 5), which is connected to the airship. b, c, d are the three cylinders of a compressor in which the gas is brought under a suitable pressure. Incidentally, this compressor may have any number of stages and the usual arrangements for external and internal cooling by water injection. e is the separator, which causes the separation of the water from the compressed gas, and f is a dryer or dehumidifier containing absorbent substances for the water vapor and carbonic acid, such as. B. soda or lime.

That to be cleaned, compressed, dried and freed from carbon Gas emerging from the container f enters the tube bundle g which passes through the tube bundle h is extended, which itself in the container i. flows out. Of the uncondensed part of this gas exits through dos tube k, passes through the Chamber 1, which surrounds the lower part of the tube bundle g, un, d passes through the Tube 5 to, as indicated above, led into the upper part of the airship to be, wherein an auxiliary temperature exchanger can be arranged on this way.

The container i. and the tube bundle h "-erden ii of a chamber, surrounding, containing the liquid air which is supplied s by a machine and fed by means of a pipe y. The air resulting from the evaporation of this liquid air is evacuated through a tube o which leads it into the chamber p which surrounds the upper part of the bundle g. The air finally exits at q.

It can be seen that the gas to be cleaned, which exits the container f in a compressed state, is first introduced into the upper part of the bundle g by the cold gas contained in the chamber p and resulting from the evaporation of the liquid air or liquid nitrogen, and then in the lower part of this bundle g cooled by the light, purified, cold gas «", i: rd, which after crossing the bundle h and the container i through the tube k has risen again into the container 1. The cooling of the Gases is thus completed in the bundle h.

The impurities of the gas to be purified, which i. are condensed by means of the tube t, which is fitted with a tap or a drain screw is provided, either emptied into the liquid air surrounding the container i, when these impurities are formed only by the elements of the air, or after outside if they may contain flammable parts.

In this case, one becomes out for either the purity of the light to increase the gas escaping from the cleaner or to reduce the compression, which must be given to this gas in order to achieve a certain degree of purity, create a negative pressure above the liquid air or liquid nitrogen and maintained, which serve to cool the compressed gas. This negative pressure could, if desired, be achieved by the compression itself used to generate the liquid air is used, and in this case the compressor could, if a sufficient one Supply of liquid air or nitrogen will be obtained from the purifier air or remove evaporated nitrogen, so that a closed one for these gases as well Circle is achieved that the constantly renewed drying of the air to be liquefied avoids. Finally could be the relaxation of the light compressed and purified gas either in an engine for recovery of part of the used motor power or also used to generate cold «-erden.

All of the assemblies that make up the cleaner (compressor for the gas of the airship, absorbing for water and carbonic acid, temperature exchanger, Liquid air or liquid nitrogen cooler, liquid air machine and nitrogen and its accessories, regainers of the motor power of the compressed Gases) could be united in the same way that a purification group was formed that could be transported on a motorized truck. the The motor power required for the various operations is used in this Case fully delivered to the engines of the truck. Other procedures could be used use to absorb the impurities and z. B. the oxygen and nitrogen absorb through calcium carburet in red heat, calcium, magnesium, etc.

One could also use the diffusion through the porous walls (through which the oxygen and helium pass faster than any other gas). If the light gas of the airships is formed by hydrogen gas, one can also use a method in which the well-known reactions of hydrogen on iron oxide and water vapor on the reduced iron.

This latter process consists in converting that in the mixture hydrogen contained from hydrogen gas and air, in water, namely under the action of the iron oxide in red heat and then in the regeneration of the through the Effect of this condensed and re-evaporated water on reduced iron. The oxygen contained in the mixture becomes through connection with the oxygen excreted at the beginning of the first reaction, while the nitrogen and the other Gases in the gaseous state at the moment of condensation of water vapor between the first and second reactions are eliminated.

In practice it is known that the regeneration of hydrogen by the action of the steam on the reduced iron a considerable amount Requires excess steam (two: one to three times the theoretical amount). So it is necessary to evaporate an amount of water which is much larger than that which is produced by the reaction of the hydrogen with the iron oxide in the first Stage of the operation can be delivered and therefore an auxiliary generator is used must become. In view of the difficulty generated by the initial reaction, To condense steam mixed with nitrogen, one can use this non-condensed Send the mixture into the chimney and take all the water from an external otielle, that is intended, the steam required to regenerate the hydrogen gas to deliver.

This procedure can be carried out with the system according to Fig. 9.

In this figure, .Io denotes an apparatus (an oven or a Set of retorts), which contains iron oxide, which the alternating reductions and is subjected to oxidations. 41 is a condenser for the water vapor and .a.2 a steam generator whose supply of water is partially condensed by the Water is secured in 41, which is fed through the pipe .L4. The non-condensable Gases escape from condenser 41 through line 45. The valves shown serve to regulate the various movements of the gases. How this works Arrangement is as follows: When valves 4.6 and 47 are closed, occurs the impure gas through the pipe q. and the faucet or valve 48 into which the iron oxide containing apparatus 4o where it is converted into water vapor, nitrogen and carbonic acid will. This mixture is sent through the valve 49 into the condenser 41, where the water vapor is condensed, while the nitrogen and carbonic acid pass through the opening d.o. to be emptied.

During this first phase of the operation, the impure gas withdrawn from the balloon i is replaced in equal quantities by the pure hydrogen gas that is supplied from the container 31. When the iron oxide of the apparatus .jo is sufficiently reduced, the valves 48, 49 will be closed and the valves .I6 and 4.7 will be opened. The water vapor, which is supplied from the generator 42, by going through the reduced iron in do, generates hydrogen gas, which is led through the valve 47 into the container 31 or into the balloon or the like. When the iron has been sufficiently oxidized back again, the valves 4.6, 47 are closed, the valves 48, .49 opened and a phase of reduction of the oxide corresponding to the former begins again.

A capacitor can be switched on between the furnace d.o and valve 47, which serves to separate the large excess of steam from the hydrogen, the from your device 4.o exits, as well as another one Cleaning opening, which by the first parts of the gas at the beginning of the oxidation period of iron escape from .4o and which are still contaminated with nitrogen to the outside (or .Discharged into the container 30) «-earth. These arrangements are in the drawing not shown.

Finally, the cleaning arrangement described can be duplicated be such that it acts uninterruptedly, one of the arrangements in the reduction phase, the other in the oxidation phase. 'You can: in In this case, omit the containers 30, 31, since one of the cleaners is always pure Gas will deliver into the capacity space i, while the other cleaner will deliver the impure Absorbs gas. An auxiliary source of hydrogen is sufficient, which serves to reduce the losses to compensate, as has already been mentioned.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Procedure for renewing the light gas (hydrogen, Helium etc.) in closed containers, especially gas carriers of aircraft, characterized in that the gas in this space is circulated through a cleaner (2) leaves and reintroduces it into the interior of the room, the gas so a closed one Walk through and expediently taken from the lower part of the room and in the upper part of the same is returned. 2. System for carrying out the procedure according to claim i, characterized in that it has a line (4,5), diie connects the upper part of the room (1) with its lower part and into which one The gas cleaner (2) is switched on. 3. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the case of several ballonets or other rooms, the gas flow successively crosses all of these rooms or also forms two streams which successively cross the related i rooms which are symmetrical on both sides of the axis of the plant, The system contains a single cleaner (Fig. 2 and 3) or two symmetrical cleaners (Fig..I). q .. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains a gas generator or a gasometer which supplies the gas necessary to compensate for the losses. 5. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains two auxiliary containers (30, 3 r, Fig. 6), which make it possible to renew the gas of the balloon o to effect withdrawn gas. 6. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the output (q.) And return lines (5) for the gas of the balloon o. The like open at several points of the same. 7. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the cleaner is set up so that it causes the liquefaction of the air or other impurities of the gas to be cleaned and further expediently a compressor (b, c, d, Fig. 5), a water separator (e), a drying and absorbing apparatus (f) and a cooling apparatus (g) with liquid air in methodical circulation. B. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the cleaner is set up such that it causes the absorption of the oxygen and nitrogen of the gas to be cleaned by calcium caburet in red heat, calcium, magnesium, etc. 9. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the cleaner is set up such that it effects cleaning by means of diffusion through porous walls. ok Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the cleaner is egg. Furnace or retort (d.0, Fig. 9) containing iron oxide, which is subjected to alternating reductions and oxidations, the hydrogen of the impure gas removed from the balloon being converted into water vapor, which is added immediately after condensation used to achieve an oxidation of the reduced iron and to produce pure hydrogen, which is sent back into the relevant space (balloon), the exit and return of the gas in this space (balloon) if desired through the mediation of containers (30,31 ) can be effected.