DE4014676A1 - Single unit prepn. of root crops - comprises washing drum, stone catcher and root stripper with separators between each stage - Google Patents

Abstract

Root crops are obtd. in which stones, sand, roots, etc are separated from the crops. During the process the water used for washing and separating is completely or partially sepd. from the crop; between at least two stages. The washing drum, stone catcher, root stripper and jet washers are combined in a common unit. Separators are located both between the washing drum and stone catcher and the stone catcher and root stripper. The separate elements remove washing water in the first stage and rinsing water in the second stage. USE/ADVANTAGE - To remove stones, roots, foliage clinging to the surface and have low operational cost together with compact construction.

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing Root crops according to the preamble of claim 1. Des the invention further relates to a device for preparation of root crops according to the generic term of the An Proverbs 16

Factories for processing root crops, for example Sugar factories are extensive and complex directions for processing the delivered hack fruits equipped. These facilities serve to Mixture of root crops delivered as a "harvest product", e.g. B. sugar beets, stones, sand, herbs, leaves and the same, separate from each other and the root crops  (Sugar beet) wash so that cleaned root crops (Sugar beet) are available for further processing stand.

The separation and cleaning devices for processing of the mixture of root crops and solids, namely Stone catchers, weed catchers, scrubbers etc. are common as individual units on the factory premises in distributed sensibly. This structure or the arrangement of the necessary separation and cleaning equipment is within the factory's plant felt disadvantageous for several reasons. On the one hand the root crops and, if applicable, the ver mixed solids from one facility to another be transported. On the other hand, the individual one directions in a technical interrelation kick other. The operation of the stone catcher can for example not with the way one or more work Washer overlaid or otherwise in this way Be connected. After all, the total is up of the operating equipment considerably if the Separation and cleaning devices installed for themselves are. It is then an increased space, operation medium and maintenance effort required. Most of all a relatively large amount of water is required.

Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is an effective procedure of the type mentioned at the beginning low operating costs and a corresponding device to create, which is characterized by a compact design draws.

The method for solving this problem has the features of claim 1. By the removal according to the invention at least part of the washing, transport or on medium between the preparations it is possible different treatments, for example the washer and a stone excretion and, if necessary, an herb  elimination, to be followed immediately. There through is a certain correlation between each other subsequent processing measures of root crops hit that an apparatus connection different Allow facilities.

An alternative process solution to the task or a Further training of the above method exists in that the root crops and possibly carried along Solids between successive preparations in their transport level will be raised. Get through it at least the root crops one for a subsequent up preparation required level. This too become the prerequisites for a connection, i.e. a immediate succession, multiple facilities for Processing of root crops created. Furthermore represents the raising of root crops and, if necessary, the hereby solids still mixed an easy way separating the root crops and possibly the feast substances from the alluvial water. The root crops are namely "lifted" out of the alluvial water.

According to an advantageous development of the method that before and possibly after a stone separation of separate beet and adhering solids water to the stone catcher as buoyancy water to hydrau separation of at least the heavy solids from the Root crops fed. It is particularly advantageous, so probably that separated before and after the stone separator Flood water from both sides. There is sufficient buoyancy water in the stone separator Achieve effective buoyancy for reliable Alluvial separation of root crops from the heavy feast fabrics available. In addition, the buoyancy water is that Stone catchers from opposite sides slightly closed to lead.  

According to another development of the Ver driving becomes part of the buoyancy water in the stone trap circulated. This also makes a simple Contribution achievable by means of creating an effective full buoyancy and thus an effective stone separation created in the stone catcher.

Finally, it is proposed in terms of procedure, at least the alluvial water separated from the stone catcher - see above as far as it is not directed into the stone catcher - over a another stone separator and alternatively or additionally a separator for herbs, small root crops or mince to manage fruit parts, i.e. organic solid components. This causes small stones and organic solids to fall particles that need to be landfilled separately. It therefore only needs organic solids and not one Mixture of organic and inorganic solids de to be posed. That after this further solid divorce resulting flood water, which may still be Sand can then become a sediment tank led. After the sand here in the floating water has almost reached fresh water quality again pointing water available (again) to one or can be fed to several nozzle washers. So far form a water cycle, causing the supply of Fresh water is significantly reduced.

An apparatus for solving the invention lying task has the features of claim 16. The separating element according to the invention does two things enough. Firstly, the prerequisites for the Aufein sequence of different processing measures of the hack fruits created while on the other by the deposition organ an apparatus connection of different treatments facilities, in particular a cleaning and separating unit direction or vice versa.  

At least one separating element is expedient for the Flood water as preferably continuously ver young, liquid-permeable constriction behind the Wash compartment or the stone catcher trained. Along move the root crops and, if applicable, the be sliding solids through the constriction become the Root crops and any solids from the carried Flooded water freed up by placing it on a flood water level. To yourself tapering, narrow section of the separator closes preferably also a liquid-permeable one cylindrical extension in which at least the hack fruits on their way to the subsequent facility, esp especially for the stone catcher, subjected to further washing can be. This ensures that the hack fruits of clinging before entering the stone catcher the sand are freed so far that they are in the area of Float the stone catcher, d. H. not by weight of the adhering sand sink like stones and with them undesirably removed.

It is also proposed to use a stone catcher two stone catch rings between the spaced apart arranged stone catcher rings through a liquid casual connecting section or scoop pockets arrange, with which part of the from the outlet openings of the the first stone trap that emerges from the floating water is traceable to the first stone catch ring. To this A closed (partial) alluvial becomes wise in the stone catcher water cycle created to form an effec tive buoyancy flow in the stone trap contributes.

It is also proposed that the diameter of one on the Separation device for the flood water behind the stone widen the following jet wash. This will make one Separation of the stone catcher or the following one The root organ leaves the organ of separation. in the The area of this jet wash is the root crops  therefore clean more effectively.

According to a further essential proposal of the invention are all cleaning and separating devices from Vorrich tion in a coherent drum brings. This creates a single, compact device processing for all essential preparation processes that take place on delivered "crop product" before further processing of the Root crops contained therein are necessary. The beginning Disadvantages described individually on the depot a corresponding factory, for example a sugar factory, cleaning and separation devices to be arranged are thereby eliminated.

The drum for holding the cleaning and separating device lines can be formed in one piece, expediently but it is made up of several interconnected units cut together, possibly different Have diameter and possibly also area may overlap, for example to form Ladle pockets for supplying buoyancy water to the stones catcher.

Finally, it is suggested that the entire drum be on front preferably two - but possibly several - run rings (treadmill) to be driven and driven. Purpose for this purpose friction wheels are used, both serve for storage as well as for driving the drum. It is also conceivable, the drive only on a race (Treadmill). Are on the other race then only support wheels without drive function. The run ring (treadmill) with the driven friction wheels is in in this case, just move it slightly off-center Area assigned to the drum. In this way, the Main bearing force of the drum on the driven friction wheels, which are so loaded by weight that a sufficient friction between the friction wheels and the ever because the race is present for effective transmission  sufficiently large driving forces on one race (Treadmill) of the drum.

Preferred embodiments of the invention direction and the inventive method will follow gend explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this demonstrate

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the device in a longitudinal section;

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section II-II through the device of FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section III-III through the apparatus according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 4, the storage and the drive of the device according to the Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 is a development of the drum in the region of a stone catcher and upstream with these and nachge arranged Abscheideorganen,

Fig. 6 is a diagram of the device 1 water supply according to FIGS. To 5,

Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment of the device in a view similar to Fig. 1,

Fig. 8, the storage and the drive of the device according to the Fig. 7 in a view similar to Fig. 4,

Fig. 9 is a processing of the device analogous to Fig. 5, and

Fig. 10 is a hydrogen diagram of the device shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.

The exemplary embodiments of the invention shown relate to compact devices with multiple functions. On the one hand, these devices serve to separate sugar beets from "included" solids, namely herbs, stones, sand, etc., and to wash the sugar beets. Accordingly, the embodiments shown here form the device according to the invention on a drum washer 20 , a stone catcher 21 (drum stone catcher) and a herb catcher 22 , which follow one another in the treatment direction 23 . In front of and behind the stone catcher 21 and if necessary in the area of the herb catcher 22 , different nozzle washes are arranged, which are configured differently in the individual devices described here and which are discussed in more detail below.

According to the Vorrich lines described here, both in front of and behind the stone catcher 21 working according to the principle of gravity arranged separating elements for flood water. These enable the sequential arrangement of the drum washer 20 , the stone catcher 21 , the herb catcher 22 and the nozzle wash according to the invention in the common (compact) device.

All individual devices of the device, namely the drum washer 20 , the stone catcher 21 , the herb catcher 22 , the separating elements 24 , 25 and the nozzle washes, are accommodated according to the invention in a common elongated drum 26 . The drum 26 is rotatably driven about a horizontal axis of rotation 27 here on corresponding foundations. Furthermore, in the devices shown, the drum 26 is composed of a plurality of drum sections connected to one another, a main drum 55 and a connecting drum 56 connected thereto.

The device according to the first embodiment of the invention (FIGS . 1 to 6) has at the entrance of the drum washer 20 located in the main drum 55 a cone-shaped crop feed section 28 . This has at its free end a constricted, cylindrical opening 29 through which a slide 30 and a washing water supply line 31 are passed. About the slide 30 , the crop, namely sugar beet with stones, sand, cabbage, etc., the device without water can be supplied. Wash water can be added to the device after the entry of the crop through the wash water supply line 31 through a nozzle 32 in the area of the harvested feed section 28 . In this way, the crop of sugar beet enters the cylindrical drum washer 20, together with the solids and wash water conveyed therewith. The wash water is mixed with the crop due to the rotating drive of the main drum 55 ver.

In the drum washer 20 , a screw conveyor 33 running helically through it is arranged. This consists of an annularly coiled sheet metal strip, which is firmly connected to the inner wall of the main drum 55 . The winding direction of the screw conveyor 33 is such that it selects the mixture of sugar beets, solids and wash water by the rotation of the drum 26 or main drum 55 continuously in the treatment direction 23 by the drum washer 20 .

The separating element 24 for the washing water following the drum washer 20 has a double-walled design. For this purpose, a truncated cone section 34 is fixed in the cylindrical main drum 55 , that is to say it rotates with the main drum 55 . The separating section 34 has a perforated lateral surface for the passage of the washing water with sand contained therein from the drum washer 20 , but not the sugar beets, stones and herbs. The truncated cone-shaped separating section 34 tapers in the direction of the subsequent stone catcher 21 . The tapered (smaller) diameter of the separating section 34 is chosen such that it is located above the washing water level in the separating member 24 . The main drum 55 has in the area of the Abscheideab section 34 on a plurality of uniform circumference ver divided orifices 35 for the separated washing water. A stationary funnel 36 is arranged under the main drum 55 in the region of its outflow openings 35 ( FIG. 1). This is used to collect and discharge the wash water obtained through the outlet openings 35 in the area of the separating member 24 .

Also in the interior of the tapered separating section 34 there is a screw conveyor 37 for transporting and conveying up the sugar beets with the solids mixed with still here from the tapered end of the separating section 34 in the treatment direction 23 . At the tapered end of the separating section 34 is a cylinder section 38 with a reduced diameter compared to the drum 26 . This also has a perforated, liquid-permeable outer surface. In the interior of the cylinder section 38 , a first nozzle wash 39 is arranged. This sprays and washes the sugar beet outside the wash water.

The stone catcher 21 follows the separating member 24 or the cylinder section 38 viewed in the direction of preparation 23 . This works according to the buoyancy principle known from US-PS 41 87 172 or DE-PS 31 19 484. As a result, the sugar beets are conveyed through the stone catcher 21 with the aid of an alluvial stream, while the heavier stones or the like sink in the alluvial stream and are discharged. In the device shown, two stone catch rings 41 and 42 arranged at a distance from one another serve to discharge the stones or the like ( FIG. 1). These are formed like an annular channel, namely on their opposite end faces by ring walls 43 and 44 fastened in the main drum 55 on the one hand and each smaller in diameter with respect to the main drum 55 and surrounding inner walls 45 and 46 running concentrically thereto. The inner walls 46 and 45 of the two stone retaining rings 41 , 42 are connected by a conically widening wall 47 , which also runs concentrically to the main drum 55 and is provided with a large number of flood water through openings, i.e. a perforation ( FIG. 1).

Ladle pockets 48 and 49 are assigned to each stone catching ring 41 and 42 . These open into ring walls 43 and 44 of the stone catching rings 41 , 42 , which are located at the rear in relation to the processing direction 23 , namely in the openings 60 , 61 of the ring walls 43 and 44 ( FIG. 1). The scooping pockets 48 , 49 are formed by elongated channels, which are at least partially open on their front side in the direction of rotation of the main drum 55 for receiving the flood water due to the rotation of the main drum 55 . The length of the scooping pockets 48 assigned to the stone catching ring 41 lying in the direction of preparation 23 is dimensioned such that they extend approximately in the area between the stone catching rings 41 and 42 ( FIG. 1). The scooping pockets 49 lying behind the second stone catching ring 42 in the direction of preparation 23 extend between the outer ring wall 44 of the second stone catching ring 42 and an end wall 57 of the main drum 55 lying behind in the direction of preparation 23 ( FIG. 1).

Supply channels 58 connected to the inside of the main drum 55 are arranged between the stone catcher 21 and the separating member 24 , that is to say in the region of the first nozzle wash 39 . The supply channels 58 which are open at the ends 50 end at a slight distance from the end of the separating member 24 , namely an annular wall 51 arranged between the main drum 55 and the end of the frustoconical separating section 34 ( FIG. 1) facing the cylindrical section 38 . This is designed to be liquid-tight in order to prevent the backwash or wash water from the first nozzle wash 39 collecting in front of the stone catcher 21 . The ring wall 51 is each provided with openings 52 ( FIG. 5), which from the separating member 24 forth additional scooping pockets 53 are assigned. The scooping pockets 53 are evenly distributed over the circumference of the main drum 55 in the area between the main drum 55 and the frustoconical section 34 . The front side of each scoop pocket 53 in the direction of rotation is also at least partially open here. The openings 52 of the scooping pockets 53 located in the ring wall 51 open into a ring channel 54 formed on the side of the ring wall 51 facing the stone catcher 21 by a corresponding shortening of the scooping pockets 48 . The latter is located in an annular region surrounding the first nozzle wash 39 between the main drum 55 and the cylinder section 38 ( FIG. 1).

The inner dimensions of the stone catch rings 41 , 42 of the scooping pockets 48 , 49 and the supply channels 58 are approximately the same, so that they form a concentric to the main drum 55 (imaginary) inner jacket ( Fig. 1).

The assignment of the (four) scooping pockets 48 , 49 to the stones catch 41 , 42 or the (four) scooping pockets 53 in the region of the separating member 24 is the development in FIG. 5 shown the main drum 55 in the region of the two separating members 24 , 25 , the first nozzle wash 39 and the stone catcher 21 . Accordingly, the scoop pockets 53 located in the area of the separating member 24 open out in the ring channel 54 due to the openings 52 in the ring wall 51 . Furthermore, the (four) supply channels 58 lead completely through the stone catcher 21 and through part of the first nozzle wash 39 in the ring channel 54 . These emanate from the ring wall 44 of the (second) stone catch ring 42 lying in front in the direction of preparation 23 , namely they are connected to the latter via openings 59 arranged therein. The supply channels 58 is accordingly flood water from the scooping pockets 49 in the separator 24 arranged behind the stone catcher 21 . At the same time, the (second) stone catch ring 42 is supplied with water from the scooping pockets 49 in the separating member 24 . The scooping pockets 49 are connected through corresponding openings 60 in the ring wall 44 facing them with the (second) stone catch ring 42 . The between the two stone retaining rings 41 and 42 arranged scooping pockets 48 are each connected via an opening 61 in the associated ring wall 43 of the (first) stone retaining ring 21 and thus only supply this with water.

The partial processing of the main drum 55 ( Fig. 5) can also be seen that in the inner walls 45 and 46 of both stone retaining rings 41 and 42 several (here four each) evenly distributed on the circumference of the same on drive openings 62 are. Through this occurs the stone trap rings 41 and 42 through the scoops 48 and 49 alluvial water directed radially inward to produce the required for the gravity separation union lift flow.

The (rear) separating member 25 is located in a region of the drum 26 , in that the main drum 55 and a part of the connecting drum 56 firmly connected to it overlap. For this purpose, a first section 63 of the connecting drum 56 is mounted concentrically in the end section of the main drum 55 . The diameter of the first section 63 overall is smaller than the inside diameter of the scoop pockets 49 which are fixedly connected to the end section of the main drum 55 . Furthermore, the first section 63 of the closing drum 56 tapers gradually in the treatment direction 23 . This tapering results from the fact that a front area of the first section 63 is frustoconical, while an adjoining end area has an approximately cylindrical shape ( FIG. 1). Overall, the first section 63 is provided with a large number of holes in its lateral surface, that is to say perforated. The ring wall 51 at the end of the main drum 55 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the first section 63 of the connecting drum 56 , at least the ring region of the end wall 57, which closes on the outside of the first section 63 and extends to the inner jacket of the pockets 49 , is designed to be permeable to water Removal of part of the alluvial water coming to the stone catcher 21 through the end wall 57 out of the main drum 55 ( FIG. 1).

In the first section 63 of the connecting drum 56 is in turn a screw conveyor 64 for further transport of the sugar beet with not yet excreted cabbage or the like see easily ( Fig. 1).

At the first section 63 , a second section 65 follows from the connecting drums 56 . From this second section 65 protrudes from the main drum 55 and has a larger diameter than the first section 63 ( Fig. 1). The second section 65 is composed of a cylinder part 66 connected to the first section 63 and an adjoining truncated cone part 67 , which increases in diameter in the treatment direction 23 . The free end face of the truncated cone part 67 of the connecting drum 56 is open for removal of the solid be cleaned and cleaned beet through a fixedly arranged behind the connecting drum 56 slide 68th The inner wall of the cylinder part 66 of the second section 65 of the connecting drum 56 is in turn assigned a screw conveyor 69 for the further transport of the sugar beets in the processing direction 23 to the truncated cone part 67 , where the sugar beets slide onto the slide 68 following gravity.

The jacket of both the cylinder part 66 and the truncated cone part 67 is in turn perforated so that the washing water supplied by the second nozzle wash 74 can flow radially outward through the walls of the cylinder part 66 and the truncated cone part 67 into a stationary position under the second section 65 arranged collecting trough 75 for the wash water ( Fig. 1).

The truncated cone part 67 of the second section 65 of the closing drum 56 is formed here as a weed catcher 22 . For this purpose, the truncated cone part 67 has a large number of herb traps. These are designed as a grid-shaped on the truncated cone part 67 pins 70 , which are against the inside of the shell of the truncated cone part 67 before. If necessary, the herb traps can also be designed as hooks. When the main drum 55 rotates with the connecting drum 56, the herb catches behind the pins 70 and is conveyed upwards. By an order in the upper part of the truncated cone break point 67 arranged scraper roller 71 of the frustum portion 67 is stripped off the herb from the pins 70 at the upper reversal point. The scraper roller 71 has a cylindrical bristle jacket 72 , the bristles of which engage around the pins 70 with their free ends. The scraper roller 71 is fixed in the upper deflection region of the truncated cone part 67 of the connecting drum 56 and can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation 73 running parallel to the truncated cone part 67 .

Furthermore, the second section 65 of the connecting drum 56 has a second nozzle wash 74 arranged inside the cylinder part 66 and the truncated cone part 67 . This also extends in the area of the weed catcher 22 .

Finally, a conveyor belt 76 running in the direction of preparation 23 is arranged in the drum 26 , somewhat below the central axis of rotation 27 . This starts from the stone catcher 21 , namely the (first) stone catcher ring 41 thereof, and is guided past the (second) stone catcher ring 42 through the separating member 25 and the herb catcher 22 , that is to say through the entire connecting drum 56 , through the open end face of the latter out of the device ( Fig. 1 and 3). With this conveyor belt 76 , the stones thrown off in both stone catching rings 41 and 42 or the like can be transported out of the device. Another conveyor belt 77 is arranged below the stripper roller 71 in the weed catcher 22 . This conveyor belt 77 is guided through the open end face of the connecting drum 56 out of the device for removing the herb collecting in the herb 22 , leaves or the like ( Fig. 1).

The entire drum 26 , that is, both the main drum 55 and the connecting drum 56 , the device are in the ge shown embodiment on three spaced from each other arranged treadmills 78 , 79 , 80 rotatably mounted on drivable. The cylindrical conveyor belts 78..80 um give the drum 26 completely. A first treadmill 78 is assigned to the third third of the drum washer 20 in relation to the treatment direction 23 . The (second) tread band 79 is located in an approximately central region of the drum, namely surrounds the (first) stone trap ring 41 of the stone catcher 21 . Finally, the (third) treadmill 80 is assigned to the end of the connecting drum 56 , namely an end region of the truncated cone part 67 thereof. Each drum 78.80 rests on two support or drive wheels lying on opposite sides of the axis of rotation 27 of the drum 26 . These in turn can be rotated, but are mounted on base 81 on a corresponding foundation.

The two treadmills 78 and 79 assigned to the main drum 55 each rest on two driven wheels, namely drive wheels 82 . The two drive wheels 82 under the drum 78 assigned to the drum washer 20 can each be driven directly by a drive set 83 (comprising an electric motor and a transmission). The two drive wheels 82 associated with the stone catcher 21 treadmill 79 are connected to the respective drive wheel 82 of the treadmill 78 under the drum washer 20 by a propeller shaft 84 and are also driven thereby. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the main drum 55 is therefore assigned a total of four drive wheels 82 serving simultaneously as support wheels ( FIG. 4). In contrast, the running bandage 80 at the end of the connecting drum 56 two non-driven support wheels 85 are assigned. If necessary, however, these can also be driven, either by separate drive sets or by a connection to the drive wheels 82 under the stone catcher 21 .

For axially immovable guidance of the drum 26 on the drive wheels 82 and the support wheels 85 is opposite end faces of a treadmill, namely in the ge shown embodiment of the (middle) treadmill 79 , each assigned a freely rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation guide wheel 86 ( Fig. 1). The guide wheels 86 are not driven in the exemplary embodiment shown.

The washing and flushing water supply and supply of the device takes place in the manner according to the invention with simultaneous treatment of the washing or flushing water separated on the separating members 24 and 25 ( FIG. 5).

The separated by the separator 24 behind the drum scrubber 20 wash water - as far as it is not passed through the scooping bags 53 to the stone catcher 21 - ge reaches through a drain line 87 to a (further) drum stone separator 88th The washing water leaving this is then passed via a connecting line 89 to a known separation device 90 , as described for example in DE-OS 39 02 393. The washing water leaving the separating device 90 passes via a further connecting line 91 to a settling basin 92 . The water finally cleaned here reaches a rear part of the second nozzle wash 74 in the region of the herb trap 22 via a supply line 93 .

The resulting in the area of the second section 65 of the connecting drum 56 wash water via a ring device 94 immediately, that is to say without an intermediate treatment, for spraying 32 in the crop supply section 28 of the drum washer 20 , to a front part of the second nozzle wash 74 in the region of the cylinder part 66 the connecting drum 56 and to the first nozzle wash 39 in the cylinder section 38 of the (first) separating member 24 .

Furthermore, the trough 75 under the second nozzle wash 74 is assigned an overflow 95 through which excess wash water, which is not discharged through the ring line 94 , is passed through an overflow line 96 to the drain line 87 under the (first) separating member 24 .

Due to the arrangement of the washing water supply and disposal of the device described above, a double mixing circuit for the washing water is formed, with the washing water being freed of solid substances carried in particular, in particular small stones, sand, herbs, etc., in one circuit, while in the second Cycle, a direct wash water return takes place. These circuits are brought about by pumps 40 integrated in the supply line 93 and the ring line 94 ( FIG. 6).

The device described above has the following process sequence ( FIGS. 1 and 6):
The drum 26 is driven to rotate continuously. All of the separation and cleaning devices combined in the device thus run around the axis of rotation 27 at the same speed.

In the area of the crop supply section 28 in front of the drum wash 20 , the crop (450 m ³ / h), ie sugar beets, stones, herbs, sand etc., are supplied dry or at most with adhesive liquid. At the same time, washing water (200 m ³ / h) is supplied through the nozzle 32 in the area of the crop supply section 28 . In this way, a sugar beet-solid and wash water mixture gets into the drum washer 20 . This is passed through the drum washer 20 with constant movement by means of the screw conveyors 33 , at least the sugar beets being roughly freed from the adhering dirt, in particular sand. At the end of the drum washer 20 , namely in the first separating member 24 , the washing water enriched in the drum washer 20 with sand, small stones and small herb particles is separated by the root crops and entrained larger solid components by means of the screw conveyor 37 in the conical separating section 34 of the separating member 24 be lifted out of the enriched wash water. The wash water is divided in the area of the separating element 24 by about half (100 m ³ / h) discharged via the drain line 87 and the other half (100 m ³ / h) via the scooping pockets 53 in the ring channel 54 in front of the stone catcher 21 is forwarded.

In the cylinder section 38 following the separating element 24 , in particular the sugar beets in the first nozzle wash 39 are freed from further adhering sand or the like, which, above all, results in a more effective separation of the stones from the water, because the sugar beets are no longer weighed down by adhering sand, that they are deposited with the stones. The sugar beets then leave the cylinder section 38 of the separating member 24 shortly before the stone catcher 21 . The sugar beets and the solids still carried get into the flood water, which is fed in front of the stone trap in three ways. On the one hand, in the manner described above, part of the washing water separated in the separating member 24 reaches the stone catcher 21 through the scooping pockets 53 . On the other hand, a part (350 m ³ / h) of the alluvial water collecting behind the stone catcher 21 is fed back into the ring channel 54 against the treatment direction 23 through the supply channels 58 , and therefore also collects in front of the stone catcher 21 . Finally, the wash water supplied in the first nozzle wash 39 (300 m ³ / h) is passed to the stone catcher 21 . In this way, in front of the stone catcher and in the course of the entire stone catcher 21, a flood water level 97 ( FIG. 1) is located almost horizontally at the level of the lower vertex of the cylinder section 38 behind the separating member 24 .

From the floating water-solid and sugar beet mixture passed through the stone trap 21 , the heavy solids sinking in the floating water, in particular stones, are first collected in the first stone catching ring 41 . Lighter stones that sink slowly in the flood water eventually collect in the second stone catch ring 42 . During the revolution of the drum 26, the accumulating in the stone catcher rings 41 and 42 rocks about the upper reversal point of the stones catch rings 41, 42 are dropped onto the conveyor belt 76 and changed from the apparatus herausgeför.

The necessary buoyancy in the floating water for passing the sugar beets through the stone catcher 21 is generated in the first stone catch ring 41 by a floating water circuit. This arises when part of the alluvial water (600 m ³ / h) from the scooping pockets 48 between the stone catcher rings 41 and 42 is directed back to the first stone catcher ring 41 against the treatment direction 23 . In contrast, in the second stone trap ring 42, the necessary drive flow is reached through the scooping pockets 49 behind the stone trap 21 , which here take part (950 m ³ / h) of the flood trap 21 leaving the water trap (1350 m ³ / h) and this for Guide the second stone trap ring 42 (600 m ³ / h) but also into the ring channel 54 (350 m ³ / h) in front of the stone trap 21 . A remainder (400 m ³ / h) of the alluvial water leaving the stone catcher 21 is not returned, but is led out of the main drum 55 into the collecting trough 75 .

In the separating member 25 behind the stone catcher 21 , the flood water level 97 is lowered below the lower vertex of the first section 63 of the connecting drum 56 , that is to say the sugar beets and the herb still carried out of the alluvial water, which is conducted here in the manner described above, is lifted out. From the first section 63 of the connection drum 56 , the sugar beets freed in the floating water with adhering herbs enter the second section 65 of the connection drum 56 . Here, the beets are finally cleaned by the second nozzle wash 74 . At the same time entrained herb, leaves, etc. are separated by the herb catcher 22 , so that only washed sugar beet leaves the herb catcher 22 at the end of the connecting drum 56 . The separated herb is also led out of the device via the conveyor belt 77 . The water collecting in the second section 65 of the connecting drum 56 from the second nozzle wash 74 (450 m ³ / h) and the remaining water from the separating member 25 (400 m ³ / h) is combined in the collecting trough 75 (850 m ³ / h ) and via the ring line 94 again to the inlet side of the drum scrubber 20 , to the first nozzle wash 39 and to the part of the second nozzle wash 74 located in the cylinder part 66 of the connecting drum 56 . Excess washwater or wash water from the collecting trough 75 can, if necessary, be fed through the overflow 95 and the overflow line 96 to the wash water (100 m ³ / h) discharged in the separating member 24 upstream of the stone trap 21 , that is to say the drain line 87 . The water flowing through the drain pipe 87 is in the tumbler separator 88 from other small stones or the like and then in the separating device 90 mainly freed of the herb. Finally, in the settling basin 92 , the residual sand still contained in the pre-treated washing water. As a result, water that has almost fresh water quality (100 m ³ / h) collects in the settling basin 92 , which is fed again via the supply line 93 to the part of the second nozzle wash 74 located in the area of the weed catcher 22 , namely in the truncated cone part 67 . In this case, the supply line 93 may optionally be supplied with fresh water (approx. 25 m ³ / h), which replaces adhesive water discharged from the device, in particular with the sugar beets, but also with the other constituents which have been excreted, namely stones and herbs.

FIGS. 7 to 10 show a second embodiment of the device according to the invention. This differs from the above-described device (first embodiment) essentially by the separating elements and the stone catcher. As far as there are correspondences between the devices of both embodiments, the same reference numerals are used.

The separating member 98 behind the drum washer 20 , as in the first embodiment, differs from the separating member 24 only in that no scoops 53 are arranged between the main drum 55 and the tapering separating section 34 . Accordingly, the entire wash water from the drum washer 20 in the area of the separating member 98 is discharged through the outlet openings 35 in the main drum 55 and the funnel 36 , that is to say, in contrast to the first exemplary embodiment of the separating organ 98, no partial flow of the washing water in the stone catcher 99 is conducted.

In this device, the stone catcher 99 has only a single stone catch ring 100 . This is arranged with respect to the processing direction 23 at the end of the stone catcher 99 . The second separator 101 connects directly to the stone trap ring 100 . This is formed analogously to the separating member 25 of the first embodiment of the device. Accordingly, in turn in the end region of the main drum 55 (four) internal scooping pockets 49 are arranged, which partially lead the water coming out of the stone catcher 99 against the treatment direction 23 back to the stone catching ring 100 . On the opposite side of the scoop pockets 49 of the stone trap ring 100 , supply channels 102 are in turn arranged which pass on part of the floating water returned to the stone trap ring 100 to the ring channel 103 in front of a closed ring wall 104 at the end of the (first) separating organ 98 .

From the development ( FIG. 9) of the main drum 55 in the area of the stone catcher 99 and the subsequent separating organ 101, it can be seen that the scooping pockets 49 are connected to the stone catching ring 100 via openings 105 in the ring wall 104 facing the separating member 101 . Furthermore, it can be seen from the settlement that the stone catch ring 100 has a plurality of uniform circumferences of the same distributed, radially inward-facing lift openings 106 . Finally, it also emerges from the development that 100 supply channels 102 are arranged between the ring channel 103 and the ring wall 108 of the stone catching ring facing this. These are supplied with flushing water from the stone trap ring 100 through corresponding openings 109 in the ring wall 108 and open via further openings 110 in a channel wall 111 delimiting the ring channel 103 , which runs at a distance parallel to the ring wall 104 at the rear end of the separating element 98 ( FIG. 7 ).

In principle, the separating element 101 corresponds approximately to the separating element 25 of the first exemplary embodiment. As a result, the main drum 55 and a first section 63 of the connecting drum 56 also overlap here. The first section 63 of the connecting drum 56 is also tapered here, namely is composed of a following on the stone catchers 99 following truncated cone part and an adjoining cylinder part. The separating member 101 is, however, longer in the device shown than in the device of the first exemplary embodiment.

The outside of the main drum 55 , which closes to the second section 65 of the connecting drum 56 is similar to the first embodiment. It also has a cylinder part 66 which is larger than the diameter of the first section 63 and a truncated cone part 67 which follows it. The truncated cone part 67 is in turn associated with the herb trap 22 , which is designed according to the first exemplary embodiment.

A second nozzle wash 112 is arranged in the shown Vorrich device on the one hand in the rear area of the separating member 101 and on the other hand in the cylinder part 66 of the second section 65 of the connecting drum 56 ( FIG. 7). Accordingly, the second nozzle wash 112 does not extend over the area of the herb trap 22 in the device shown here. The length of the rear area of the separating element 101 , as seen in the treatment direction 23 , is assigned to the area of the second nozzle wash 112 such that it is located where the dashed water line 113 shown in dashed lines shows the water flowing out of the stone catcher 99 below the perforated jacket of the first section 63 of the connecting drum 56 is located ( Fig. 7).

The storage of the drum 26 of the device shown, it follows only on two treadmills 114 and 115 . These are finally assigned to the main drum 55 . Accordingly, the connecting drum 56 is cantilevered, that is, without additional storage, out of the main drum 55 ( FIG. 1).

The (first) treadmill 114 is located in an end region of the drum washer 20 which is at the front in relation to the preparation direction 23 . In contrast, the (second) barrel bandage 115 is arranged at a clear distance from the free end of the main drum 55 facing the connecting drum 56 , namely it is located approximately in the region of the transition from the stone catcher 99 to the separating member 101 ( FIG. 1). By this arrangement of the (second) treadmill 115 and the non-support of the connecting drum 56, the main weight of the device rests on the (second) treadmill 115th For this reason, only this treadmill 115 are assigned two simultaneously serving for storage of the entire drum 26 drive wheels 116 . Each of these drive wheels 116 has a drive set 117 . The wheels assigned to the (first) running bandage 114 are designed as simple support wheels 118 without a drive. Furthermore, the (second) treadmill 115 are in turn analogous to the first embodiment, two non-driven guide wheels 86 are assigned ( FIG. 9).

Alternatively, it is conceivable for the device described here tion (second embodiment) with a three barrel storage with bandages - and a corresponding one Drive - according to the device of the first embodiment to provide example. Likewise, the device after first embodiment only on two treadmills the device described above (second Embodiment) may be provided.

The flood water or wash water supply and disposal of the device described above (second embodiment example) can be seen from FIG. 10. Accordingly, the washing water separated on both separating elements 98 and 101, including any washing water flowing out of the overflow 95 of the separating element 101, is led via feed lines 119 , 120 and 121 to a (further) tumble stone separator 122 . The tumble stone separator 122 is connected by a connecting line 123 to a separating device 124 . This can be a filter known per se, the z. B. is designed according to DE-OS 39 02 393. This filter has a schematically shown bypass 125 ( Fig. 10). Furthermore, a bypass line 126 is led around the tumble stone separator 122, which opens into the bypass 125 of the separating device 124 and the connecting line 123 between the tumbled stone separator 122 and the separating device 124 . In the opposite ends of the bypass line 126 , a shut-off valve 127 or 128 is arranged. Another shut-off valve 129 is located between a connection point 130 of the supply lines 121 and 120 with the supply line 119 on the one hand and a branch 131 of the bypass line 126 from the combined supply lines 120 and 121 on the other.

From the separating device 124 and the bypass 125 of the same leads a drain line 132 and 133 to a United divider 134 , which can optionally take on a mixing function. From the distributor member 134 , a supply line 135 leads to the entrance of the drum washer 20th Another supply line 136 leads from the distributor member 134 to the first nozzle wash 39 and to the part of the second nozzle wash 112 located in the area of the separating member 101 . A third line 137 leads from the distributor member 134 to a settling tank 138 . In the latter ge cleaned, that is, freed of the remaining sand, is a supply line 139 - seen in the treatment direction 23 - forward section of the second nozzle wash 112 in the cylinder part 66 of the second section 65 of the connecting drum 56 can be supplied. A portion of the second nozzle wash 112 lying behind it can be supplied with additional fresh water (from the water supply network) via a water line 140 . Furthermore, fresh water can be pumped directly from the water line 140 to a settling tank 138 via a pumping line 141 .

To maintain the water circuits for the supply and disposal of the device, pumps 142 are used , which in the exemplary embodiment shown are arranged in the supply lines 135 , 136 and 139 and the water line 140 ( FIG. 10).

The device described above according to the second embodiment of the invention works according to the following method:
In the crop feed section 28 in front of the drum washer 20 , the crop, ie sugar beets, stones, leaves and sand (450 m ³ / h), and wash water (200 m ³ / h) are fed. In the mixture thus formed, the sugar beets are prewashed on their way through the drum washer 20 . The entire washing water (200 m ³ / h) is separated in the separating member 98 , so that the beets with solids (sand, stones, herbs, etc.) are passed through the first nozzle wash 39 alone. Here is another wash with washing water (500 m ³ / h). Then the sugar beets and solids get into the stone catcher 99 . Here, the sugar beets and the solids are carried in an alluvial flow, which is formed from the wash water of the first nozzle wash 39 and the residual amount of alluvial water supplied by the supply channels 102 through the ring channel 103 from the stone catcher 99 alluvial water stream (900 m ³ / h) mixed. Through the scooping pockets 49 , buoyancy water (1050 m ³ / h) is added to the stone trap ring 100 of the stone catcher 99 . According to this, the stone catcher leaves 99 sugar beet with stones and herbs and floating water (1950 m ³ / h). In the stone catcher 99 adjoining separator 101 , the alluvial water is separated from the sugar beets and entrained herbs and part of the alluvial water (1450 m ³ / h) is fed back through the scoops 49 against the processing direction 23 into the stone trap ring 100 or the Supply channels 102 to ring channel 103 . The other part of the alluvial water (500 m ³ / h) leaves the separator 101 in the treatment direction 23 and is collected in the collecting trough 75 . The beets are then finally washed with the herb still adhering to them in the second nozzle wash 112 with further wash water (in total 275 m ³ / h). Thereafter, the herb still present is separated from the sugar beets in the herb catcher 22 , so that the washed sugar beets leave the device at the end of the connecting drum 56 via the slide 68 . Here, with the washed sugar beet, adhesive water (25 m ³ / h) is excreted from the connecting drum 56 .

The washing water (200 m ³ / h) separated exclusively from the separating element 98 with sand, herb parts, beets and small stones is passed via the feed line 119 to the tumble stone separator 122 . Here stones and sand are separated out and the washing water is conducted with the shut-off valve 127 via the connecting line 123 to the separating device 124 . Alternatively, namely when the shut-off valve 127 is open, the washing water originating from the tumble stone separator 122 can be passed around the separating device 124 via the bypass 125 .

The washing water (750 m ³ / h) collecting from the trough 75 in the region of the second nozzle wash 112 (750 m ³ / h) is the tumble stone catcher 122 together with the feed line 121 or possibly via the feed line 120 coming from the overflow 95 with the shut-off valve 128 and the shut-off valve 129 open supplied to the wash water from the separating member 98 . From here, the washing water, which is largely freed of stones, can alternatively be passed again (depending on the position of the shut-off valve 127 ) via the separating device 124 or the bypass 125 thereof, the washing water possibly also being freed from the herb. If necessary, the washing water from the trough 75 but also around the drum stone separator 122 can be passed around the bypass line 126 . The shut-off valve 128 is then closed and the shut-off valve 129 is open. Depending on the position of the shut-off valve 128 , the wash water from the second nozzle wash 112 can be passed through the separating device 124 or the bypass 125 .

Due to the foregoing, the washing water from the second nozzle wash 112 can alternatively be conducted via the drum stone separator 122 or around it. In contrast, the wash water from the separating member 98 is always passed through the drum separator 122 . Likewise, the entire wash water (950 m ³ / h) can be passed through the separation device 124 . However, it is also conceivable to pass only the wash water from the separating member 98 via the device 124 , while the wash water from the second jet wash 112 flows with the shut-off valve 127 closed, through the bypass line 126 via the bypass 125 of the device 124 , so none Herb or the like is excreted. The water leaving both the separator 124 and the bypass 125 passes to the distributor member 134 , where it is mixed or unmixed and divided into three water streams. A first flow of water is supplied by pump 142 through supply line 135 to the entrance of drum washer 20 . A second water flow (100 m ³ / h) passes through line 137 into settling basin 138 . Finally, a third water flow (650 m ³ / h) is conducted from the pump 142 through the supply line 136 to two parts of the second nozzle wash 112 located in the preparation direction 23 . The (last) part of the second nozzle wash 112 located behind is supplied with fresh water (25 m ³ / h) from the water line 140 . This amount of water supplied corresponds approximately to the amount of water discharged from the device with the cleaned sugar beet as adhesive water.

If necessary, it is possible to pump fresh water from the water line 140 with the aid of the pump 142 via the pumping line 141 into the settling tank 138 . This means that the sand volume excreted from the sedimentation tank can be replenished.

The devices described and the described Ver driving are also suitable for processing potatoes or similar root crops.  

Reference symbol list

20 drum washers
21 stone catchers
22 haulm catchers
23 Processing direction
24 separator
25 separator
26 drum
27 axis of rotation
28 crop feed section
29 opening
30 slide
31 wash water supply line
32 jetting
33 screw conveyor
34 separation section
35 outflow opening
36 funnels
37 screw conveyor
38 cylinder section
39 first jet wash
40 pump
41 stone catch ring
42 stone catching ring
43 ring wall
44 ring wall
45 inner wall
46 inner wall
47 wall
48 scoops
49 ladle bag
50 end face
51 ring wall
52 opening
53 ladle bag
54 ring channel
55 main drum
56 connecting drum
57 end wall
58 supply channel
59 opening
60 opening
61 opening
62 buoyancy opening
63 first section
64 screw conveyor
65 second section
66 cylinder part
67 truncated cone part
68 slide
69 screw conveyor
70 pen
71 scraper roller
72 bristle coat
73 axis of rotation
74 second jet wash
75 collection bin
76 conveyor belt
77 conveyor belt
78 treadmill
79 treadmill
80 treadmill
81 foundation plinth
82 drive wheel
83 drive set
84 cardan shaft
85 jockey wheel
86 guide wheel
87 drain pipe
88 tumble stone separators
89 connecting line
90 separating device
91 connecting line
92 sedimentation tanks
93 supply line
94 loop
95 overflow
96 overflow line
97 Flood water level
98 separator
99 stone catchers
100 stone catch ring
101 separator
102 supply channel
103 ring channel
104 ring wall
105 opening
106 buoyancy opening
108 ring wall
109 opening
110 opening
111 channel wall
112 second jet wash
113 flood water level
114 treadmill
115 treadmill
116 drive wheel
117 drive set
118 jockey wheel
119 supply line
120 feed line
121 supply line
122 tumble stone separators
123 connecting line
124 separating device
125 bypass
126 bypass line
127 shut-off valve
128 shut-off valve
129 shut-off valve
130 connection point
131 junction
132 drain pipe
133 drain pipe
134 distributor
135 supply line
136 supply line
137 line
138 sedimentation tanks
139 supply line
140 water pipe
141 pump line
142 pump

Claims (47)

1. Process for the preparation of root crops, the root crops of entrained solids (stones, cabbage, sand, etc.) being separated and washed, characterized in that that used in the washing and / or separating (with the minced fruits and solids mixed) washing, transport or buoyancy medium between at least two preparations is completely or partially separated from at least the root crops. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the washing medium (washing water) after a first wash of root crops with solids still carried min  at least before a first solid separation, in particular a stone separation. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized records that after the solid separation, in particular the stone separation, and before washing the hack fruits the buoyancy medium (floating water) from the stone divorce is discharged. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that between successive preparations the hack fruits and / or solids in their transport level be lifted, preferably from the washing or floating water out. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the root crops and the carried alluvial substances the solids separation following the prewash, in particular especially the stone separation, for a higher transport brought to level. 6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized records that the root crops and possibly remaining feast substances after the solid separation, especially the Stone separation, brought to a higher transport level will. 7. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that in the area of stone separation the root crops and the solids carried with at least part of the floating water from the stone separation and / or a subsequent after-wash (second jet wash 74, 112 ) is supplied. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ) at least part of the previously separated washing water is supplied. 9. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that the level of the flood water at least in the area of the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ) is kept approximately constant. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that behind the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ) the level of the floating water is lowered, in particular to such an extent that the minced fruits are separated from the floating water with the solids constituents still entrained, in particular herb. 11. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that part of the flood water in the stone catcher ( 21 ) is circulated. 12. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that min least the before the (first) stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ) separated wash water by a further stone catcher (drum stone separator 88, 122 ) and / or a separating device tion ( 90 , 124 ) is directed to separate preferably small stones, herb parts, beet parts or the like from the wash water. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that after the further stone catcher (drum stone separator 88, 122 ) or the separating device ( 90 , 124 ), the wash water prepared so far is fed to a sedimentation basin ( 92 , 138 ). 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that in the settling tank ( 92 , 138 ) freed of residual solids wash water as (pure) water a nozzle wash (second nozzle wash 74, 112 ) is fed, optionally with the partial addition of fresh water. 15. The method according to claim 3 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that the behind the stone trap ( 21, 99 ) separated alluvial water and / or in the second jet wash ( 74 , 112 ) falling wash water in the circuit to the entrance of Drum washer ( 20 ) and / or the first jet wash ( 39 ) and / or the second jet wash ( 74 , 112 ) is passed. 16. Apparatus for the preparation of root crops mixed with solids (stones, sand, cabbage, etc.), which are carried in a transport, washing or buoyancy medium (washing or floating water), with at least one washing organ (drum washer, jet washing ) and with at least one separating element (stone catcher, herb catcher) for separating the root crops from the solids, characterized by at least one separating element ( 24 , 25 ; 98 , 101 ) for the transport, washing and / or buoyancy medium between successive washing and Separating organs or separating and washing organs. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that a first separating member ( 24 , 98 ) between a first washing member (drum washer 20) and a subsequent first separating member (stone catcher 21, 99 ) is arranged. 18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that a second separating member ( 25 , 101 ) between the first washing member (stone catcher 21, 99 ) and a subsequent washing and / or separating device is arranged. 19. The apparatus of claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the separating members ( 24 , 25 ; 98 , 101 ) at least has a preferably continuously narrowing liquid-permeable constriction. 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the constriction of the separating members ( 24 , 25 ; 98 , 101 ) is designed as a truncated cone-shaped constriction section with a perforated lateral surface. 21. The apparatus of claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the frustoconical constricting portion of a portion of a drum (main drum 55 ; connecting drum 56 ) is surrounded. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the drum (main drum 55 ; drum section 56 ) in the region of at least the frustoconical constriction section, in particular on the separating member ( 24 , 98 ), preferably with a plurality of approximately evenly distributed on its circumference arranged outflow openings ( 35 ) is provided for at least part of the wash water to be separated. 23. The apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that in the region of the frustoconical constriction sections of the separating members ( 24 , 25 ; 98 , 101 ) each have a funnel ( 36 ) arranged under the drum (main drum 55 ; drum section 56 ) or a collecting trough ( 75 ) is provided. 24. The device according to one or more of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the conical frustum-constricting sections of at least the separating member ( 24 , 98 ) pointing to the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ) is assigned a preferred cylindrical extension (cylinder section 38 ). 25. The apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the cylindrical extension (cylinder section 38 ) extends into an inlet region of the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ). 26. The apparatus of claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the cylindrical extension (cylinder section 38 ) is assigned a first nozzle wash ( 39 ). 27. The device according to one or more of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the cylindrical extension (cylinder section 38 ) has a liquid-permeable jacket. 28. The device according to one or more of claims 24 to 27, characterized in that the diameter of the cylindrical extension (cylinder section 38 ) is such that there is a lower vertex of the cylindrical extension (cylinder section 38 ) approximately in the area of the flood water level ( 97 , 113 ) of the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ) be found. 29. The device according to claim 17 and one or more of the other claims, characterized in that at least the two separating members ( 24 , 25 ; 98 , 101 ) are assigned mechanical conveying members for the root crops and, if appropriate, solids, which are preferably as the inside versus the frustoconical constriction section or the adjoining cylinder section in front of standing screw conveyors ( 37 , 40 , 64 , 69 ) are formed. 30. The device according to claim 16 and one or more ren of the further claims, characterized in that the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ), in particular a stone catch ring ( 42 , 100 ) of the same, supply channels ( 58 , 102 ) are assigned, which in a ring channel (54, 103) prior to the stone catcher (21, 99) open for recirculating wash water from the stone catcher (21, 99) in front of the same. 31. The apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that the (first) separating member ( 24 ; 98 ) scoops ( 53 ) are assigned, the catcher in the annular channel ( 54 ) before the stone ( 21 ) open. 32. Apparatus according to claim 18 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that in the region of the (second) separating member ( 25 ; 101 ) scooping pockets ( 49 ) are arranged for returning preferably part of the from the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ) escaping alluvial water in the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ). 33. Apparatus according to claim 16 and one or more of the other claims, characterized in that the stone catcher ( 21 ) has two spaced-apart stone catcher rings ( 41 , 42 ), between which several scooped pockets evenly distributed on the inner circumference of the stone catcher ( 21 ) ( 48 ) are arranged for the supply of buoyancy water to the first stone catch ring ( 41 ). 34. Apparatus according to claim 16 and one or more of the other claims, characterized in that behind the second separating member ( 25 , 101 ), a second nozzle wash ( 74 , 112 ) and in the processing direction ( 23 ) a herb catcher ( 22 ) are arranged behind it . 35. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the herb catcher ( 21 ) is assigned at least a part of the second nozzle wash ( 74 , 112 ). 36. Apparatus according to claim 16 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that the drum washer ( 20 ), the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ), the nozzles ( 39 , 74 , 112 ) and the separating elements ( 24 , 25th ; 98 , 101 ) are arranged in a common drum ( 26 ) which can be driven in rotation about a preferably horizontal axis of rotation ( 27 ). 37. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the drum ( 26 ) is composed of a main drum ( 55 ) and a connecting drum ( 56 ) connected to the same axis. 38. Apparatus according to claim 36 and 37, characterized in that the drum washer ( 20 ) of the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ), the separating members ( 24 , 25 ; 98 , 101 ), the first nozzle wash ( 39 ) and optionally part of the second nozzle wash ( 112 ) are arranged in the main drum ( 55 ) with approximately the same outside diameter. 39. Apparatus according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that the main drum ( 55 ) and the connecting drum ( 56 ) overlap in regions, in particular in the region of the (second) separating member ( 25 , 101 ), in which region the connecting drum ( 56 ) has a smaller, concentric to the end region of the main drum ( 55 ) running diameter. 40. Apparatus according to claim 37, characterized in that the second nozzle wash ( 74 , 112 ) is in the area of the connection drum ( 56 ). 41. Apparatus according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that the area of the connecting drum ( 56 ) overlapping with the main drum ( 55 ) has a truncated cone part ( 67 ) adjoining the stone catcher ( 21 , 99 ) and one at the narrowed end of the truncated cone part ( 67 ) has a closing cylinder part ( 66 ), both of which are liquid permeable, in particular perforated. 42. Device according to one or more of claims 37 to 39, characterized in that the connecting drum ( 56 ) in its from the main drum ( 55 ) projecting section (second section 65) with respect to the main drum ( 55 ) overlapping section ( first section 63) is expanded in diameter. 43. Device according to one or more of claims 36 to 42, characterized in that the drum ( 26 ) finally on two of the main drum ( 55 ) associated tread bandages ( 114 , 155 ) about the longitudinal axis of the drum ( 26 ) extending axis of rotation ( 27 ) is rotatably mounted. 44. Apparatus according to claim 43, characterized in that a spaced from the connecting drum ( 56 ) facing the end of the main drum ( 55 ) arranged drum bandage ( 115 ) can be driven, preferably by two simultaneously serving to support the treadmill ( 115 ) drive wheels ( 116 ). 45. Device according to one or more of claims 34 to 39, characterized in that the drum ( 26 ) is rotatably supported on three treadmills ( 78 , 79 , 80 ), of which two treadmills ( 78 , 79 ) of the main drum ( 55 ) and the third treadmill ( 80 ) of the connecting drum ( 56 ) is assigned, preferably a free end of the same. 46. Apparatus according to claim 45, characterized in that the two of the main drum ( 55 ) associated treads ( 78 , 79 ) are each mounted on two drive wheels ( 82 ) serving for storage at the same time. 47. Device according to one or more of claims 43 to 46, characterized in that a treadmill ( 78 , 79 , 80 ; 114 , 115 ), preferably one of the main drum ( 55 ) associated treadmill ( 79 ; 115 ), guide members for securing the Drum ( 26 ) against shifting in the longitudinal direction of its axis of rotation ( 27 ) are assigned, preferably on opposite end walls of the treadmills ( 79; 115 ) are supported and freely rotatable about upright axes of rotation (undriven) guide wheels ( 86 ).