DE3808207A1 - Production of light mouldings from lignocellulose-containing plant material - Google Patents

Production of light mouldings from lignocellulose-containing plant material

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Publication number
DE3808207A1
DE3808207A1 DE19883808207 DE3808207A DE3808207A1 DE 3808207 A1 DE3808207 A1 DE 3808207A1 DE 19883808207 DE19883808207 DE 19883808207 DE 3808207 A DE3808207 A DE 3808207A DE 3808207 A1 DE3808207 A1 DE 3808207A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
straw
mouldings
added
lignocellulose
chopped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19883808207
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE3808207C2 (en
Inventor
Rubin Dr Ing Eisenstein
Gerhard Dr Ing Gehring
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19883808207 priority Critical patent/DE3808207A1/en
Publication of DE3808207A1 publication Critical patent/DE3808207A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3808207C2 publication Critical patent/DE3808207C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21BFIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21JFIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J1/00Fibreboard
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21JFIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J5/00Manufacture of hollow articles by transferring sheets, produced from fibres suspensions or papier-mâché by suction on wire-net moulds, to couch-moulds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Using the process according to the invention, light mouldings of straw can be produced with substantially higher strength values without pollution of the environment, it being possible for the moulding to be composted or burned without pollution. Straw is pretreated with dilute caustic soda solution and then partially defibrated under control in a single working step and filtered off with suction in hollow moulds without application of pressure. The finished products can be used, inter alia, as spacers in the packaging industry, as bases to be fitted up in wreath-making installations and for three-dimensional mouldings, for example chair seats and chair backs, in the furniture industry.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen leichter Formkörper aus lignocellulosehaltigem Pflanzenmaterial, z. B. Teile von Einjahrespflanzen wie Stroh, die sich umweltfreundlich herstellen und kompostieren lassen und beim Verbrennen keine umweltschädlichen Verbrennungsprodukte erzeugen. Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Formkörper betreffen u. a. in der Möbelin­ dustrie: Stuhlsitze- und -lehnen, gerade und gekrümmte Türen, dreidimensional geformte Schrank- und Regalelemente; in der Bauindustrie: Bauplatten und Trennwände; in der Verpackungsindustrie: Halterungs- und Abstandselemente (ohne Dickenbeschränkung); für Gärtnereien: Bindereibedarfsartikel, Paletten für Topfpflanzen etc.The invention relates to a method for producing lightweight moldings lignocellulose-containing plant material, e.g. B. Parts of annual plants like straw, which can be produced and composted in an environmentally friendly way and do not produce environmentally harmful combustion products when burning. The Moldings produced according to the invention relate u. a. in the furniture industry: chair seats and backrests, straight and curved doors, three-dimensional molded cabinet and shelf elements; in the construction industry: building boards and Partitions; in the packaging industry: mounting and spacing elements (without thickness restriction); for garden centers: binding supplies, pallets for potted plants etc.

Aus der DPS 6 50 040 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern aus Pflanzenfasern bekannt geworden, bei dem man schwach verholzte Pflanzenteile, z.B. Stroh, chemisch mit Hilfe von Alkalimonosulfit in der Hitze zu Zellstoff aufschließt und diesem Zellstoff mechanisch schwach zerfasertes Holz zusetzt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird neben dem umweltschädlichen Aufschluß des Strohs mit Alkalisulfit der Formkörper nur durch die Verfilzung der Fasern der Fa­ sersoffmasse selbst zusammengehalten und nicht, wie im erfindungsgemäßen Ver­ fahren, durch eine zusätzliche Verfilzung der Grobteile mit dem Faserstoff, was zu wesentlich höheren Festigkeitswerten, auch ohne Zugabe von Bindemit­ teln, führt.DPS 6 50 040 describes a process for the production of moldings Plant fibers have become known in which weakly woody parts of plants e.g. Straw, chemically with the help of alkali monosulfite in the heat to pulp opens up and adds mechanically weakly frayed wood to this pulp. In this process, in addition to the environmentally harmful digestion of the straw with alkali sulfite the shaped body only by matting the fibers of the company self-contained mass itself and not, as in the inventive Ver drive through an additional matting of the coarse parts with the fiber material, which leads to significantly higher strength values, even without the addition of bindemite teln, leads.

Aus der DPS 8 98 964 ist ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leichtbau­ platten aus Holzabfällen bekannt geworden, bei dem aus Hackschnitzeln gewon­ nener Holzfaserstoff naß verfilzt wird. Die Vliesbildung geschieht durch Ab­ setzen und/oder Absaugen einer stark verdünnten Suspension von Holzfaserstoff in Wasser. Das sich bildende Faservlies behindert die Absaugung um so mehr, je höher der Anteil an Feinstoff und je dicker das Vlies ist. Dies ist auch der Grund, warum die käuflichen Höchststärken der sogenannten Dämmplatten mit einer Wichte von 200 bis 400 kg/cbm nur etwa 20 bis 25 mm betragen. Unter Vermeidung des anlageintensiven Aufschlusses der Häckschnitzel hat eine nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Dämmplatte, z.B. aus Stroh, eine wesentlich höhere Bruchfestigkeit und keine Dickenbegrenzung (sehr hohe Absauggeschwindigkeit des Wassers). Durch Zugabe geringer Mengen an Bindemit­ tel läßt sich die Bruchfestigkeit ohne Schwierigkeiten verzehnfachen.DPS 8 98 964 is another method for producing lightweight construction slabs of wood waste become known, in which won from wood chips wood pulp is matted when wet. The formation of the fleece is done by Ab setting and / or suctioning off a very dilute suspension of wood pulp in water. The fiber fleece that forms impedes the suction, the more so the higher the proportion of fine material and the thicker the fleece. This is also the one Reason why the maximum commercial strengths of the so-called insulation boards are included Weights of 200 to 400 kg / cbm are only about 20 to 25 mm. Under Avoiding the plant-intensive digestion of the wood chips has one after  Insulation board manufactured by the method according to the invention, e.g. from straw, a significantly higher breaking strength and no thickness limitation (very high Suction speed of the water). By adding small amounts of bindemite The tensile strength can be increased tenfold without difficulty.

Man hat zwar das Problem der Entwässerung dicker Formkörper bereits dadurch gelöst, daß man dem Zellstoff z.B. Strohhäcksel zusetzt, aber dieser Zusatz bewegt sich in sehr engen Grenzen, weil unbehandeltes Strohhäcksel mit dem Faserstoff keine Bindung eingeht und daher durch den Zusatz die Festigkeits­ werte stark absinken.This already has the problem of dewatering thick molded articles solved that the pulp e.g. Chopped straw adds, but this addition moves within very narrow limits because untreated chopped straw with the Fiber does not form a bond and therefore the strength is added values decrease sharply.

Nun ist weiter noch bekannt, daß man bei Heißverpressungen Kondensationsharze zusetzt, was zwar zu hohen Festigkeitswerten führt, aber auch zu Wichten mit 850 kg/cbm und mehr.Now it is also known that condensation resins are used for hot pressing adds, which leads to high strength values, but also to weights 850 kg / cbm and more.

Sehr leichte Formkörper werden bis dato fast ausschließlich aus geschäumtem Polystyrol gefertigt. Der Nachteil von diesem Schaumstoff liegt neben den hohen Materialkosten für schäumbares Polystyrol, in seiner geringen Bruch­ festigkeit und daß er nicht verrottet, also auch nicht kompostierbar ist. Ferner werden beim Verbrennen dieser Kunststoffe übel riechende Gase und umweltschädliche Verbrennungsprodukte erzeugt.To date, very light molded articles have been made almost exclusively from foamed material Made of polystyrene. The disadvantage of this foam is next to that high material costs for foamable polystyrene, in its low breakage strength and that it does not rot, so it is not compostable. Furthermore, when these plastics are burned, malodorous gases and environmentally harmful combustion products.

Gemäß dem erfinderischen Verfahren wird nach einer Vorbehandlung mit schwach alkalischen Lösungen das lignocellulosehaltige Material, bevorzugt Stroh­ häcksel, in einem Defibrator z. B. Pulper gezielt teildefibriert, so daß in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang neben nicht defibriertem Strohhäcksel eine defi­ nierte Menge Strohfaserstoff vorliegt. Zur Bildung der Formkörper wird nun das Überschußwasser in einer Hohlform ohne Preßdruck abgesaugt, entformt und bei erhöhter Temperatur getrocknet. Der Formkörper hält bereits im feuchten Zustand so fest zusammen, daß er gut handhabbar ist. Das beste Verhältnis von Reststrohhäcksel zu Strohfaserstoff ist je nach dem zu fertigenden Endprodukt verschieden und kann leicht durch Änderung der Laugenkonzentration bei der Vorbehandlung und der Intensität und Dauer der Defibrierung im Pulper oder Mixer nach Wunsch verändert werden. Die alkalische Vorbehandlung dient dabei nicht nur der Defibrierung, sondern die Natronlauge greift auch die Oberflä­ che der nicht defibrierten Strohhäcksel an, so daß auch zwischen Faserstoff und Strohhäcksel Verfilzungen stattfinden, was zu wesentlich höheren Festig­ keitswerten führt.According to the inventive method, after pretreatment with weak alkaline solutions the lignocellulose-containing material, preferably straw chop, in a defibrator e.g. B. Pulper deliberately partially defibrated so that in a single pass in addition to a non-defibrated straw chop a defi amount of straw pulp is present. The formation of the shaped body is now the excess water is sucked off, removed from the mold in a hollow mold without pressing pressure dried at elevated temperature. The molded body already holds in the moist  Condition so tight that it is easy to handle. The best ratio of Residual straw chop to straw fiber material depends on the end product to be manufactured different and can easily be changed by changing the alkali concentration at the Pretreatment and the intensity and duration of defibrillation in the pulper or Mixer can be changed as desired. The alkaline pre-treatment serves not only the defibrillation, but the caustic soda also affects the surface che of the non-defibrated straw chop, so that also between fiber and straw chopping matting take place, resulting in much higher strength values.

Nun gibt es Formkörper, bei denen die Festigkeitswerte, die durch die Ver­ filzung erreicht werden, nicht ausreichen. Die Festigkeiten können für solche Formkörper dadurch erheblich gesteigert werden, daß man verhältnismäßig ge­ ringe Mengen an Bindemittel der Faserstoff-Häcksel-Suspension zusetzt. Als Bindemittel kommen bevorzugt Latex, Polyvinylacetat-Emulsionen, Wasserglas und/oder deren Mischungen untereinander in Frage. Der Zusatz der Binde­ mittel hat erstaunlicherweise überhaupt keinen verzögernden Einfluß auf die Absauggeschwindigkeit.Now there are moldings in which the strength values, which are determined by the ver felting are not sufficient. The strengths can be for such Shaped body can be significantly increased by being relatively ge Add small amounts of binder to the fiber chop suspension. As Binders are preferred latex, polyvinyl acetate emulsions, water glass and / or their mixtures with one another in question. The addition of the bandage surprisingly, medium has no retarding influence at all Suction speed.

Sofern man Bindemittel, z. B. aus Festigkeitsgründen zusetzt, kann man auch eine Mischung von Naturhäcksel mit separat hergestelltem Faserstoff, bevor­ zugt aus Altpapier, verwenden, denn das auf dem Faserstoff verteilte Binde­ mittel erzeugt trotz geringer Mengen eine ca. zehnmal höhere Bruchfestig­ keit als die reine Verfilzungsbindung. Ferner ist es auch dann noch möglich, den Strohhäckselanteil durch andere Stoffe zu ersetzen, wie Holzschliff, Holzmehl (insbesondere bei Verwendung von Polyvinylacetat- Emulsionen) oder Glas- bzw. Kunststoff-Fasern. Zur Verbesserung der Wasserabweisung kann man in bekannter Weise der Häcksel-Faser-Suspension Imprägniermittel und zur Reduzierung der Entflammbarkeit des Formkörpers z. B. Harnstoff zusetzen.If you use binders, e.g. B. for strength reasons, you can also a mix of natural chopped with separately made fiber before pulls from waste paper, use, because the bandage distributed on the fiber medium produces an approximately ten times higher breaking strength despite small quantities speed as the pure matting bond. Furthermore, it is still possible to replace the chopped straw part with other substances, such as ground wood, Wood flour (especially when using polyvinyl acetate emulsions) or Glass or plastic fibers. To improve water repellency you can in a known manner the impregnating agent and the chopped fiber suspension Reduction of the flammability of the molding z. B. Add urea.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zum Herstellen leichter Formkörper aus lignocellulosehaltigem Pflanzenmaterial, wie Einjahrespflanzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bevorzugt Strohhäcksel, nach einer Vorbehandlung mit alkalischen Lösungen einer gezielten Teildefibrierung in einem Defibrator z. B. Pulper unter­ worfen, ohne Preßdruck abgenutscht und getrocknet wird.A process for producing lightweight moldings from lignocellulose-containing plant material, such as annual plants, characterized in that preferably chopped straw, after pretreatment with alkaline solutions, a targeted partial defibrillation in a defibrator, for. B. Throw pulper, sucked off without pressing and dried. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Erhöhung der Festigkeitswerte verhältnismäßig geringe Bindemittelmengen, bevorzugt Latex, Polyvinylacetat- Emulsionen und/oder Wasserglas oder Mischungen untereinander zugesetzt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to increase the Strength values of relatively small amounts of binder, preferred Latex, polyvinyl acetate emulsions and / or water glass or mixtures can be added to each other. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Bindemittel­ zusatz dem Häckselanteil der Faseranteil in Form von Zellstoff, bevorzugt aus Altpapier hergestellt, zugesetzt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that for binders addition to the chopped portion of the fiber in the form of cellulose, preferred made from waste paper, is added. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Bindemittel­ zusatz der Häckselanteil durch Holzschliff, Holzmehl, Kokosfasern, Glas- und Kunststoff-Fasern oder Mischungen untereinander ersetzt wird.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that for binders addition of the chopped portion through wood pulp, wood flour, coconut fibers, glass and plastic fibers or mixtures with each other is replaced. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formmasse vor dem Abnutschen Imprägniermittel zur Erhöhung der Wasserabweisung und/ oder Mittel zur Reduzierung der Entflammbarkeit zugesetzt werden.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the molding composition before the suction filter impregnating agent to increase water repellency and / or flammability reducing agents may be added.
DE19883808207 1988-03-11 1988-03-11 Production of light mouldings from lignocellulose-containing plant material Granted DE3808207A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883808207 DE3808207A1 (en) 1988-03-11 1988-03-11 Production of light mouldings from lignocellulose-containing plant material

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883808207 DE3808207A1 (en) 1988-03-11 1988-03-11 Production of light mouldings from lignocellulose-containing plant material

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DE3808207A1 true DE3808207A1 (en) 1989-09-21
DE3808207C2 DE3808207C2 (en) 1990-04-19

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4027786A1 (en) * 1990-09-04 1992-04-09 Marcel Huder Mixts. of vegetable or animal components including natural fibre - can be processed as thermoplastics e.g. by baking into useful articles, packaging, etc. with easy disposal after use
DE4035887A1 (en) * 1990-11-12 1992-05-14 Bti Dr Ing Rubin Eisenstein Bi Shaped recyclable articles from lignocellulosic material - by partially wet pulping dry chopped waste paper, dewatering in perforated mould, and drying
DE19603491A1 (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Abu Shaar Isam Production of fibrous cellulose@ material free from other plant components
DE19618554A1 (en) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-27 Lothar Ruehland Shaped part consisting of straw fibers, paper fibers and a binder and method for producing such a shaped part
WO1998011973A2 (en) * 1996-09-16 1998-03-26 Zellform Gesellschaft M.B.H. Process for producing workpieces and molded pieces out of cellulose and/or cellulose-containing fiber material

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2233357B (en) * 1989-06-21 1993-01-06 Timsales Limited Fibreboard and method for production thereof
DE4040114C2 (en) * 1990-12-12 1993-12-23 Eberhard Dr Ing Wegener Method and device for producing compostable molded articles from vegetable raw materials

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE650040C (en) * 1933-02-19 1937-09-09 Gewerkschaft Aufbau Process for the production of panels and shaped objects from fiber mixtures
DE898964C (en) * 1943-06-26 1953-12-07 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process for the production of lightweight building materials from waste wood
DE902219C (en) * 1951-04-22 1954-01-21 Knud Waldemar Nielsen Process for the production of insulating bodies from straw
DE903168C (en) * 1950-06-27 1954-02-01 Alfred Nowak Dr Ing Process for the production of molded bodies, in particular plates
DE1091423B (en) * 1957-06-17 1960-10-20 Statens Skogsind Ab Process for the production of flame-retardant impregnated hardboard using impregnating agents containing urea and ammonium phosphate

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE650040C (en) * 1933-02-19 1937-09-09 Gewerkschaft Aufbau Process for the production of panels and shaped objects from fiber mixtures
DE898964C (en) * 1943-06-26 1953-12-07 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process for the production of lightweight building materials from waste wood
DE903168C (en) * 1950-06-27 1954-02-01 Alfred Nowak Dr Ing Process for the production of molded bodies, in particular plates
DE902219C (en) * 1951-04-22 1954-01-21 Knud Waldemar Nielsen Process for the production of insulating bodies from straw
DE1091423B (en) * 1957-06-17 1960-10-20 Statens Skogsind Ab Process for the production of flame-retardant impregnated hardboard using impregnating agents containing urea and ammonium phosphate

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4027786A1 (en) * 1990-09-04 1992-04-09 Marcel Huder Mixts. of vegetable or animal components including natural fibre - can be processed as thermoplastics e.g. by baking into useful articles, packaging, etc. with easy disposal after use
DE4035887A1 (en) * 1990-11-12 1992-05-14 Bti Dr Ing Rubin Eisenstein Bi Shaped recyclable articles from lignocellulosic material - by partially wet pulping dry chopped waste paper, dewatering in perforated mould, and drying
DE19603491A1 (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Abu Shaar Isam Production of fibrous cellulose@ material free from other plant components
DE19603491C2 (en) * 1996-01-31 1999-04-08 Abu Shaar Isam Process for the production of a fibrous cellulose fabric and its use
DE19618554A1 (en) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-27 Lothar Ruehland Shaped part consisting of straw fibers, paper fibers and a binder and method for producing such a shaped part
WO1998011973A2 (en) * 1996-09-16 1998-03-26 Zellform Gesellschaft M.B.H. Process for producing workpieces and molded pieces out of cellulose and/or cellulose-containing fiber material
WO1998011973A3 (en) * 1996-09-16 1998-06-25 Process for producing workpieces and molded pieces out of cellulose and/or cellulose-containing fiber material
US6379594B1 (en) 1996-09-16 2002-04-30 Zellform Gesellschaft M.B.H. Process for producing workpieces and molded pieces out of cellulose and/or cellulose-containing fiber material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3808207C2 (en) 1990-04-19

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