DE3716563A1 - Composite window - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite window comprises at least two or more panes of glass or plastic having sealed cavities between the individual panes. For optimum utilisation of the solar energy and for avoiding excessive radiation of light and heat into the rooms assigned to the composite windows, the invention provides that at least one of the cavities has connections for the inflow or the outflow of a fluid. The filling level of the fluid in the cavities can be controlled as required. A roller blind is thus dispensed with. The fluid located in the cavity may be part of a heat-pump system or absorption cooling system.

Description

The invention relates to a composite window according to the preamble of patent claim 1 .

Composite windows of this type come in a wide variety of embodiments known. All embodiments have in common that minde at least two parallel plastic spaced apart or glass panes in a circumferential version gas-tight with each other are glued and that the resulting hollow between the panes Room is usually evacuated and / or filled with an inert gas is.

The purpose of this measure is a thermal insulation of such a Ver to reach federal windows.

The disadvantage of the previously known composite windows, however, is that always usually an additional roller blind is used to do this serves an excessive light and heat radiation in the concerned to avoid space.

Usually blinds are used for this purpose, either outside or are arranged on the inside of the windows and as needed pulled up or down.

If the roller blinds are attached to the outside of the windows, so are they are exposed to wind and weather influences and therefore have to be very be stable and complex.

Roller blinds on the inside of the windows can be turned off more easily guide are built, but have the disadvantage that the absorbed Heat, but also a large part of the reflected heat, in the room  remains and the room is additionally heated.

All these solutions have the disadvantage that these blinds unite Absorb part of the heat and radiate another part and on give up the environment again.

It has also been proposed to use composite windows, e.g. H. to arrange blinds between two glass panes.

This construction is particularly expensive because outside must be completely sealed to prevent the ingress of dirt and avoid moisture. Apart from that, they are previously Written shortcomings of heating by absorbed and reflected Heat not removed, sometimes even worse, as such Roller blinds are located in an enclosed dormant room.

The invention has for its object a composite window further developed in such a way that excessive light and heat radiation without using a roller blind, in which the ver rooms assigned to the window are avoided.

To solve the problem, the is used in claim 1 technical teaching.

According to the invention, it is proposed in a composite window which usually consists of at least two or more disks, which are sealed to the outside by pipe connections in the there to supply or discharge a liquid between lying cavities. It is irrelevant whether the windows are made of glass or transparent plastic. It is also irrelevant whether except one Cavity to be filled with the liquid, further cavities rooms, e.g. B. are provided for sound insulation.  

Such a composite window is particularly advantageous if a Connection below and a connection above is arranged and an outside connection exists between the connections, which is a circulation the liquid allowed.

Usually already occurs through the sun and the associated heating of the liquid in the window, a thermal flow, which can still be improved that additional devices arranged in the external connection are, for example an air-cooled lamella cooler, which in the Window heated liquid cools down and returns to the window. Such a flow can be more effective by switching on a pump can be designed in the external connection.

There is also a better design of the inventive concept possible by the arrangement of an expansion vessel to a to avoid undue increases in pressure in the system. To the Balancing the volume will fill the system with one sufficient amount of a neutral gas, e.g. B. provided nitrogen.

According to the invention, it is recommended to heat the external connection Arrange the exchanger, which has an additional use, that of the window absorbed solar energy allowed. For example, a Heat pump system.

The coupling of one according to the invention is particularly interesting such heat exchanger with an absorption cooling system, which the converts heat absorbed by the window into cold and z. B. on the climate tation of the rooms behind the window can.  

A further improvement of a composite window according to the invention consists of filling a liquid with tem to fill the cavities to use temperature-variable transparency, which means adjustment of light absorption to solar radiation is possible.

Another possibility according to the invention, the intensity of the light to vary by such a composite window in using a liquid that is under the influence of electric fields or currents their transparency in the manner of Liquid crystal displays changes.

For this purpose, it can be useful to cover the inner surfaces with a to provide electrically conductive covering and to a voltage source to connect.

According to the invention, it is further recommended that the transparency of the Liquid depends on the intensity of the sun's rays to be controlled electronically, be it by influencing the trans parenz or by setting a certain fill level.

In a development of the present invention, it is provided that that the cavities between the glass panes are not full constant filling of the cavity, but that any one Provides levels. It is proposed that at least one there is a further connection in the lower region of the cavity. This allows the liquid to be pumped around even with partial Filling as well as the dissipation of absorbed heat, if only for Avoiding excessive heating of the windows or around them Heat otherwise, e.g. B. to use via heat exchanger.

An additional improvement is provided by an inventive one Arranged in composite windows with three or more panes,  by filling two or more cavities with liquid entirely or partially fills. This can be done from a common storage container or even from separate storage containers with liquids Different transparency or color.

All other external connections and additional equipment, as in the Main application P 36 42 599.0 can be described and claimed can also be provided for two or more cavities.

With control valves according to the invention via connecting lines placed on filling or pumping or emptying.

With the variable setting of the fill level, which depends on the lighting conditions in front of or behind the composite window or in Depending on the outside temperature can be controlled results a kind of roller blind effect because you can other color additives in the liquid, the temperature if necessary and can be replenished depending on the light, any controllable Can achieve blackout effect.

There is a wide range of materials for the liquid Range of applications. All liquids come in here Consider that have a freezing point below 0 ° Celsius, such as B. alcohol-water mixtures or Hydrocarbon mixtures and the like. It is preferred if a detergent is added to the liquid so that after the Pumping the liquid out of a streak now Avoid liquid-free cavity. The in the liquid Color additives to be introduced can be suspended in the liquid be or be solved. Colourful color additives can also be used will.  

The color additives used should be as UV-resistant as possible.

Experiments have shown that with conventional glass panes, the for example, have a thickness of 3-4 mm, a filling of the hollow space with a liquid leads to the glass panes bend convex apart. To an undesirable mechanical load the glass panes and the seal arranged on the outer circumference avoid, it is in a development of the present invention provided that approximately in the area of the largest deflection (that is about the middle of the window area) crosspieces are arranged, which reach through the cavity and each firmly with the respective Disk are connected.

In addition to the mechanical bridging of the cavities by ent speaking crossbars can also a smaller window division be provided to make smaller, separate, with liquid to reach filled cavities.

To such liquid-filled composite windows before mechanical To protect against violence, it can also be provided that outer pane thicker than the inner pane form in order to avoid that the liquid-filled cavity towards the outside (e.g. of a building) is opened.

It can also be provided that the outer pane as a wire glass is trained and carries appropriate reinforcement, or that the outer disc or both discs from one Safety laminated glass are formed.

Instead of mechanical relief of the cavities by corresponding crossbars bridging the cavities can also be used  be provided to evacuate the cavities themselves because of this the resulting from the filling of the cavity with liquid Pressure can no longer act on the panes themselves.

This can either create a constant negative pressure in the cavity be, or the vacuum can be regulated so that for example, always maintain a certain filling level in the cavity becomes. This fill level can also depend on the light or temperature be managed.

As a further safety measure when the composite pane breaks, it should also be provided that in the upper area Check valve is provided with a calibrated bore, so that when the composite window breaks, the process runs faster than that Air flow through the calibrated hole in the top Check valve takes place and hereby a slow discharge of the Liquid is guaranteed.

It is also envisaged that the composite window under certain Operating movements (e.g. in cold weather) is automatically emptied or is heated even in cold weather.

With the technical teaching proposed according to the invention a completely new path, which follows the motto "Before the Protect the sun and use the heat "a new quality content gives.

It is essential in the present invention that a Light radiation is let through the window, but that harmful UV rays and IR rays are absorbed and the in dissipated heat absorbed by the liquid in the cavities becomes.  

There are various options here. First of all, the Heat can be dissipated unused, but it is also possible that To exploit heat even for a heat collector system and for example wise to use it to heat a heat pump. Likewise, the Drivers of an absorption cooling system are heated, thereby using this heat can cool the interior rooms.

This even results in a self-regulation effect, because at A rainy day is the expulsion of the absorption cooling system not as heated as on a warm, sunny day, like this that the cooling effect in the, assigned to the composite windows Rooms is correspondingly lower.

The subject matter of the present invention results not only from the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also from the combination of the individual patent claims with one another. All information and features disclosed in the documents - including the summary - , in particular the spatial training shown in the drawings, are claimed as essential to the invention, insofar as they are new to the prior art, individually or in combination.

In the following the invention is based on several ways of execution illustrative drawings explained in more detail. Here go from the Drawings and their description further essential to the invention Features and advantages of the invention.

Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a section through a composite window according to the invention with an external connection system.

Fig. 2 shows a modification of the principle of FIG. 1.

Fig. 3 Another modification of the principle of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 with adjustable level in the cavities.

Fig. 4 schematically, the position of the changeover valve in a second operating position in comparison to FIG. 3.

Fig. 5 schematically shows the position of the changeover valve in a third operating position.

Fig. 6 schematically shows a further embodiment of a composite window with two separate cavities in a first filling state.

Fig. 7 The composite window of FIG. 6 was in a second Füllzu.

Fig. 8 enlarged sectional view through a composite window with egg nem crossbar.

Fig. 9 shows a control with two pumps.

Fig. 1 shows an exemplary schematic representation of a composite window according to the invention with the circumferential seal ( 1 ), the lower connection ( 2 ) and the upper connection ( 3 ). In the example in Fig. 1, the entire window area is filled with the liquid ( 4 ). Via the external connection ( 5 ), the liquid ( 4 ) can circulate through the heating in the sun in the manner of a thermosiphon effect with an expansion vessel ( 23 ), as is also common in central heating systems.

In the external connection z. B. a lamella cooler ( 6 ) can be arranged, which cools the circulating liquid.

The circulation can be improved by a pump ( 9 ).

However, the solar energy absorbed by the liquid ( 4 ) can also be used, for example, by arranging a heat exchanger ( 7 ) in the external connection ( 5 ), which takes the energy from the liquid and feeds it, for example, to a heat pump system ( 8 ).

This heat pump system can also be an absorption Be cooling system, the z. B. directly for air conditioning the rear rooms lying in the window can be used.

Fig. 2 shows an example arrangement that could be called liquid keitsrollo. In this case, the window area is only partially filled with the liquid ( 4 ). The fill level can be adjusted as required using the pump ( 9 ). The required amount of liquid is taken from a reservoir ( 10 ).

The closed system expediently becomes one sufficient amount of a non-aggressive neutral gas, e.g. B. Nitrogen included.

If the liquid ( 4 ) is pumped back by the pump ( 9 ) into the storage container ( 10 ), which must have sufficient capacity, then only nitrogen is present in the cavities of the windows. If liquid is pumped into the cavities by the pump ( 9 ), the nitrogen can be pressed back into the reservoir ( 10 ) via the upper connection ( 3 ) and the external connection ( 5 ).

Depending on the choice of liquid and the corresponding color admixtures, it is possible to influence the absorption of light and heat within wide limits. When the cavities are completely filled with liquid ( 4 ), the same possibilities are given in this arrangement as in the example in FIG. 1, ie it can be circulated, heat exchangers and other components can be included in the circuit.

Both in the example of Fig. 1, as well as in the example of Fig. 2, the inner surfaces of the cavities can be coated in an electrically conductive manner, so that electrical voltages can be applied via ( 11 + 12 ), which the liquid with a corresponding composition similar to one Affect the liquid cristal display.

Of course, it is also possible to choose a composition as the liquid ( 4 ) which changes the transparency depending on the incident light intensity. This applies both to the embodiment in FIG. 1 and the embodiment in FIG. 2.

Of course, it is advisable to combine the liquid as well to ensure that the slightest surface tension is a wetting of the Avoids inner surfaces of the cavities.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic embodiment sketch of a composite window with a further, lower connection ( 14 ) next to the first lower connection ( 2 ).

In this example, the connection ( 14 ) leads to a control valve ( 13 ) which is designed as a three-way valve and leads on the one hand via the connection ( 15 ) to the pump ( 9 ) and via the third connection ( 21 ) to the reservoir ( 10 ) is connected.

In the position of the control valve ( 13 ) shown in FIG. 3, the pump ( 9 ) can pump the liquid ( 4 ) from the reservoir ( 10 ) into the cavity ( 26 ) of the window and fill it in whole or in part.

In the position of the control valve ( 13 ) shown in FIG. 4, the connection ( 14 ) is connected via the connection ( 15 ) to the pump ( 9 ) and the connection ( 2 ), so that the pump ( 9 ) in the cavity ( 26 ) Pump around the liquid ( 4 ). A heat exchanger ( 7 ) can cool, heat or use the liquid ( 4 ) for other purposes.

Fig. 6 shows an embodiment with two cavities ( 26 , 30 ), the upper connections ( 3 ) are connected to each other and lead via the external connection ( 5 ) to the reservoir ( 10 ), the liquid reservoir for both cavities ( 26 , 30 ) contains.

These cavities ( 26 , 30 ) are filled by means of the pump ( 9 ) and the lower connections ( 2 ), a shut-off valve ( 20 ) being additionally arranged in the left-hand circle. When the shut-off valve ( 20 ) is open, the two levels ( 16 , 17 ) will adjust to the same height. In the illustration shown, the level ( 17 ) in the left cavity is lower than the level ( 16 ) in the right cavity, since during the filling the shut-off valve ( 20 ) was already closed when level ( 17 ) was reached. On this occasion it should be mentioned that the entire system is of course sealed in a known manner and argon or other gases are filled above the liquid instead of air.

Circulation pumps ( 22 ) with the connections ( 14 ) are also indicated schematically in FIG. 6, which can be used in the manner described in FIG. 3.

Fig. 7 shows the same composite window schematically with two separate storage containers ( 10 ) so that the two cavities can be filled with liquid ( 4 ) independently of one another. It can be the same type of liquid or different types of liquid, different color or transparency. It is obvious that this design offers the greatest flexibility, since the filling level of the level ( 16 and 17 ) with the resulting levels ( 18 , 19 ) in the storage containers ( 10 ) can be set as desired. All other variants are also fully applicable in order to achieve cooling, heating or use of solar energy even when the cavities are only partially filled. The circulation pumps ( 22 ) shown with heat exchangers ( 7 ) are only shown schematically in FIG. 7 to show this.

The arrangement of the components in FIGS. 3, 6 and 7 can be flexibly and freely adapted to the circumstances. The choice of components such. B. electrically controlled valves or pumps is irrelevant and arbitrary for the invention. All electronic controls for filling, emptying, level, etc. can be used according to the invention. The figures provide further suggestions according to the invention.

Fig. 8 shows schematically the section through a cavity ( 26 ) with two opposing disks ( 24 , 25 ) which would arch in the manner of convex curved lines ( 27 ) if the cavity ( 26 ) with the liquid ( 4th ) is filled without mechanical relief of the cavity ( 26 ) being present.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 it is shown that such mechanical relief can take place by means of one or more transverse webs ( 28 ), the transverse web in each case being arranged approximately in the region of the maximum deflection to be expected. The crosspiece is permanently connected with its end faces via connection points ( 29 ) to the inside of the respective disk ( 24 , 25 ), so that the two disks 24 , 25 are protected against bending in the form of the curved line.

Instead of the mechanical discharge of the cavities 26 by respective cross-members, connection grids and the like, the cavities 26, 30 (see FIG. 6 and FIG. 7) to be evacuated can, whereby then the hydrostatic liquid pressure of the liquid 4 in the cavity 26, repealed 30 is . This means that the connection system shown, for example, in FIGS. 6 or 7 would then be self-contained and evacuated, the fill levels still being freely adjustable according to the levels 16 , 17 shown.

Such a regulation can e.g. depending on light or temperature, i.e. depending on the outside light or the outside temperature respectively.

According to FIG. 9, the cavity 26 with the liquid 4 is controlled by two pumps, one pump 31, for example, in connection 2 for the inlet and the other pump 9, for example in connection 14 for the outlet.

So there is the advantage of a simple electronic Control. Likewise, no mechanical is required Actuators, such as valves and the like. Two are then sufficient smaller pumps with lower output, the lower noise develop and offer better installation options.  

• Legend of drawing: 1 seal 2 connection 3 connection 4 liquid 5 external connection 6 finned cooler 7 heat exchanger 8 heat pump system 9 pump 10 reservoir 11 connection (electrical) 12 connection (electrical) 13 control valve 14 connection 15 connection 16 level 17 level 18 level 19 level 20 shut-off valve 21 Connection (pump) 22 Circulation pump 23 Expansion tank 24 Disc 25 Disc 26 Cavity 27 Curve line 28 Cross bar 29 Connection point 30 Cavity 31 Pump

Claims (18)

1. composite window, consisting of at least two or more panes of glass or plastic with sealed cavities between the individual panes, characterized in that at least one of the cavities ( 26 , 30 ) connections ( 2 , 3 , 14 ) for the inlet or the Has drainage of a liquid ( 4 ). 2. Composite window according to claim 1, characterized in that a connection ( 2 ) below and the other circuit ( 3 ) is arranged at the top and there is an external connection ( 5 ) between the connections. 3. composite window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one further connection ( 14 ) in the lower region of the cavity ( 26 , 30 ) is present. 4. composite window according to claim 3, characterized in that the connections ( 2 , 3 , 14 ) are present in a plurality of mutually separate cavities ( 26 , 30 ) of a composite window. 5. Composite window according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a common reservoir ( 10 ) for receiving the liquid ( 4 ) for a plurality of cavities ( 26 , 30 ) is present. 6. composite window according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that several storage containers for liquids of different transparency for several cavities ( 26 , 30 ) are available. 7. composite window according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that in the external connection ( 5 ) at least one pump ( 9 ) and / or an expansion vessel ( 23 ) is arranged. 8. Composite window according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that in the outer connection ( 5 ) a heat exchanger ( 7 ) for a heat pump system ( 8 ) and / or an absorption cooling system is arranged. 9. Composite window according to one or more of claims 1-8, characterized in that a liquid ( 4 ) with temperature-variable transparency is used to fill the cavities ( 26 , 30 ). 10. Composite window according to one or more of claims 1-9, characterized in that the inner surfaces are provided with an electrically conductive coating and can be connected to a voltage source, and that a liquid ( 4 ) is used to fill the cavities ( 26 , 30 ) , which changes its transparency in the manner of liquid crystal displays under the influence of electric fields or currents. 11. Composite window according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fill level ( 16 , 17 ) or the transparency of the liquid is electronically controlled by the intensity of the solar radiation. 12. Composite window according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that in order to avoid a convex deformation of the mutually parallel spaced panes ( 24 , 25 ) one or more, the cavity ( 26 , 30 ) penetrating and each firmly with transverse webs connected to the respective inner surface of the disks ( 24 , 25 ) are provided. 13. Composite window according to one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the cavities ( 26 , 30 ) and the associated external connection ( 5 ) are evacuated and that the vacuum can be regulated. 14. Composite window according to one of claims 1-13, characterized in that air bubbles can be introduced into the liquid ( 4 ). 15. Composite window according to one of claims 1-14, characterized in that temperature additives and / or light-dependent color additives can be introduced into the liquid ( 4 ). 16. Composite plate according to one of claims 1-15, characterized in that the liquid ( 4 ) is heatable. 17. Composite panel according to one of claims 1-16, characterized in that at least one of the panes ( 24 , 25 ) is made of a safety laminated glass or wire-armored. 18. Composite plate according to one of claims 1-17, characterized in that the cavities ( 26 , 30 ) associated liquid ( 4 ) by means of two pumps ( 9 , 31 ) can be pumped around, and that one pump ( 9 ) in the connection ( 2 ) for the inlet and the other pump ( 31 ) is arranged in the connection ( 14 ) for the outlet.